Curbing the major and growing threats from invasive alien species is urgent and achievable.

Although invasive alien species have long been recognized as a major threat to nature and people, until now there has been no comprehensive global review of the status, trends, drivers, impacts, management and governance challenges of biological invasions. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and Their Control (hereafter 'IPBES invasive alien species assessment') drew on more than 13,000 scientific publications and reports in 15 languages as well as Indigenous and local knowledge on all taxa, ecosystems and regions across the globe. Therefore, it provides unequivocal evidence of the major and growing threat of invasive alien species alongside ambitious but realistic approaches to manage biological invasions. The extent of the threat and impacts has been recognized by the 143 member states of IPBES who approved the summary for policymakers of this assessment. Here, the authors of the IPBES assessment outline the main findings of the IPBES invasive alien species assessment and highlight the urgency to act now.

Stress and Coping in Emergency Nurses Following Trauma Patient Care: A Qualitative Grounded Theory Approach.

BACKGROUND: Experiencing symptoms of traumatic stress may be the cost of caring for trauma patients. Emergency nurses caring for trauma patients are at risk for traumatic stress reactions. OBJECTIVE: This study explored the stress and coping behaviors experienced by emergency nurses who provide trauma care. METHODS: Focus groups were held at three urban trauma centers in the Midwestern United States: a Level I pediatric trauma center, a Level I adult trauma center, and a Level III adult trauma center. Data were collected between December 2009 and March 2010. Data analysis was guided by the principles of grounded theory. Line-by-line coding and constant comparative analysis techniques were used to identify recurring constructs. RESULTS: A total of 48 emergency nurses participated. Recurring constructs emerged in the data analysis and coding, revealing four major themes: care of the trauma patient, professional practice, personal life, and support. CONCLUSIONS: Nurse job engagement, burnout, and professional and personal relationships are influenced by trauma patient care. The study's resulting themes of care of the trauma patient, professional practice, personal life, and support resulted in the development of the "trauma nursing is a continual experience theory" that can be used as a framework to address these effects. Intentional support and timely interventions based on this new theory can help mitigate the effects of traumatic stress experienced by trauma nurses.

Change in Pain-Related Anxiety Mediates the Effects of Psychophysiologic Symptom Relief Therapy (PSRT) on Pain Disability for Chronic Back Pain: Secondary Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Widely used therapeutic approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies, can improve pain and functioning in people with chronic back pain, but the magnitude and duration of their effects are limited. Our team developed a novel 12-week program, psychophysiologic symptom relief therapy (PSRT), to substantially reduce or eliminate pain and disability. This study examined whether PSRT helped more patients achieve large-magnitude (≥30%, ≥50%, ≥75%) reductions in back pain-related disability compared to mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and usual care (UC), and if the beneficial effects of PSRT were explained by reductions in pain-related anxiety following treatment. Patients and Methods: Data from a three-armed randomized controlled trial were used (N=35 adults with chronic back pain). Change scores (baseline to 4-, 8-, 13-, and 26-weeks post-enrollment) were computed for back pain disability (RDQ) and pain-related anxiety (PASS-20). Fisher's exact tests and mediation analyses were conducted. Results: Compared to MBSR and UC, PSRT helped significantly more patients achieve ≥75% reductions in back pain disability at all timepoints and in pain anxiety at all timepoints except 13-weeks. Change in pain anxiety significantly mediated the relationship between treatment group and change in back pain disability from baseline to 26-weeks. Conclusion: PSRT helped more patients achieve substantial reductions in disability than an established treatment (MBSR) and usual care. Findings indicate reduced pain anxiety may be a mechanism by which PSRT confers long-term benefits on disability. Importantly, this work aims to move the field toward more precise and effective treatment for chronic back pain.

The Path Toward Fellow Designation in the Academy of Emergency Nursing: Understanding and Navigating the Process to Ensure Your Success.

The Academy of Emergency Nursing was established to honor emergency nurses who have made enduring and substantial contributions that have had significant impact and continue to advance the emergency nursing specialty. Nurses who have been recognized as having made enduring and substantial contributions to emergency nursing achieve fellow status in the Academy of Emergency Nursing and are conferred the credential, Fellow of the Academy of Emergency Nursing. Academy of Emergency Nursing Board Members want to dismantle any structural barriers, clarify any misunderstandings or mysteries, and support diverse candidates by providing clear and equitable resources about the path toward fellow designation and the application process. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to support interested persons in their path toward Academy of Emergency Nursing fellow designation and give explicit details of each section of the application to develop a shared understanding among potential applicants, sponsors, and Fellows of the Academy of Emergency Nursing.

Psychophysiologic Symptom Relief Therapy (PSRT) for Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19.

Objective: To determine if psychophysiologic symptom relief therapy (PSRT) will reduce symptom burden in patients suffering from post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) who had mild/moderate acute COVID-19 disease without objective evidence of organ injury. Patients and Methods: Twenty-three adults under the age of 60 with PASC for at least 12 weeks following COVID-19 infection were enrolled in an interventional cohort study conducted via virtual platform between May 18, 2021 and August 7, 2022. Participants received PSRT during a 13 week (approximately 44 hour) course. Participants were administered validated questionnaires at baseline and at 4, 8, and 13 weeks. The primary outcome was change in somatic symptoms from baseline, measured using the Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8), at 13 weeks. Results: The median duration of symptoms prior to joining the study was 267 days (IQR: 144, 460). The mean SSS-8 score of the cohort decreased from baseline by 8.5 (95% CI: 5.7-11.4), 9.4 (95% CI: 6.9-11.9), and 10.9 (95% CI: 8.3-13.5) at 4, 8, and 13 weeks respectively (all p<.001). Participants also experienced statistically significant improvements across other secondary outcomes including changes in dyspnea, fatigue, and pain (all p<.001). Conclusion: PSRT may effectively decrease symptom burden in patients suffering from PASC without evidence of organ injury. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04854772).

Partnering with First Nations in Northern British Columbia Canada to Reduce Inequity in Access to Genomic Research.

Indigenous-led, culturally safe health research and infrastructure are essential to address existing inequities and disparities for Indigenous Peoples globally. Biobanking, genomic research, and self-governance could reduce the existing divide and increase Indigenous participation in health research. While genomic research advances medicine, barriers persist for Indigenous patients to benefit. In northern BC, Canada, the Northern Biobank Initiative (NBI), with guidance from a Northern First Nations Biobank Advisory Committee (NFNBAC), has engaged in consultations with First Nations on biobanking and genomic research. Key informant interviews and focus groups conducted with First Nations leaders, Elders, Knowledge Keepers, and community members established culturally safe ways of biobanking and exploring genomic research. Strong support for a Northern British Columbia First Nations Biobank (NBCFNB) that will promote choice, inclusion, and access to health research opportunities emerged. The acceptance and enthusiasm for the development of this NBCFNB and its governance table highlight the shift towards Indigenous ownership and support of health research and its benefits. With engagement and partnership, community awareness, multigenerational involvement, and support from diverse and experienced healthcare leaders, the NBCFNB will establish this culturally safe, locally driven, and critically important research priority that may serve as an example for diverse Indigenous groups when designing their unique biobanking or genomic research opportunities.

Addressing a Key Leadership Challenge: Workplace Violence.

Workplace violence is a growing concern among health care workers, especially staff working in emergency departments. Emergency department leaders have oversight accountability that includes mitigation of workplace violence risks and staff education related to workplace violence prevention. Challenges associated with workplace violence events include disruption of safe patient care, decreased staff job satisfaction, and increased turnover. Improving safety for staff, patients, and visitors requires a culture focused on safety. A summary of current regulations, standards, and resources available to date is provided, including a list of mitigation strategies that can be easily translated into practice by emergency nurse leaders.

Consensus-Driven Priorities for Firearm Injury Education Among Medical Professionals.

PURPOSE: Firearm injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. However, many medical professionals currently receive minimal or no education on firearm injury or its prevention. The authors sought to convene a diverse group of national experts in firearm injury epidemiology, injury prevention, and medical education to develop consensus on priorities to inform the creation of learning objectives and curricula for firearm injury education for medical professionals. METHOD: In 2019, the authors convened an advisory group that was geographically, demographically, and professionally diverse, composed of 33 clinicians, researchers, and educators from across the United States. They used the nominal group technique to achieve consensus on priorities for health professions education on firearm injury. The process involved an initial idea-generating phase, followed by a round-robin sharing of ideas and further idea generation, facilitated discussion and clarification, and the ranking of ideas to generate a prioritized list. RESULTS: This report provides the first national consensus guidelines on firearm injury education for medical professionals. These priorities include a set of crosscutting, basic, and advanced learning objectives applicable to all contexts of firearm injury and all medical disciplines, specialties, and levels of training. They focus on 7 contextual categories that had previously been identified in the literature: 1 category of general priorities applicable to all contexts and 6 categories of specific contexts, including intimate partner violence, mass violence, officer-involved shootings, peer (nonpartner) violence, suicide, and unintentional injury. CONCLUSIONS: Robust, data- and consensus-driven priorities for health professions education on firearm injury create a pathway to clinician competence and self-efficacy. With an improved foundation for curriculum development and educational program-building, clinicians will be better informed to engage in a host of firearm injury prevention initiatives both at the bedside and in their communities.

Sustained impact of an academic-practice partnership.

Academic-practice partnerships foster innovation and transition to nursing practice in healthcare systems. The purpose of this paper is to describe the impact of a public-private academic-practice partnership for Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) education designed to transform a large healthcare system's nursing workforce and model of care. The conceptual framework is organized around Rogers's (2003) principles of diffusion of innovation in organizations. A logic model illuminates how inputs, activities, outputs and outcomes resulted in sustained impact for graduates, the college and the healthcare organization. Partnership outcomes include education of baccalaureate and master's-prepared employed nurses (n = 95) in a DNP program for advanced practice nursing (APN) roles in the healthcare system; dissemination of scholarship; and revision of the healthcare system's research approval process. Sustained impact includes advancement of DNP-prepared graduates to complex leadership and practice roles; development of new programs and advanced practice roles based on scholarly project findings; expansion of population-specific patient programs; and extension of continuum- and access-to-care models in the healthcare organization. Recommendations include continuing development of academic-practice partnerships for transition to practice and advancement of roles and levels of champions to achieve sustained impact of academic-practice partnerships in healthcare organizations.

Psychophysiologic symptom relief therapy for chronic back pain: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic back pain is the leading cause of disability in the United States. Based on the hypothesis that nonspecific back pain may be rooted in a psychophysiologic etiology, we propose a new approach to chronic back pain. OBJECTIVES: A pilot study was conducted to assess whether psychophysiologic symptom relief therapy (PSRT) can reduce disability and back pain bothersomeness for patients with chronic back pain. METHODS: This was a three-armed, randomized trial for adults with nonspecific chronic back pain that compared PSRT with usual care and an active comparator (mindfulness-based stress reduction [MBSR]). Psychophysiologic symptom relief therapy-randomized participants received a 12-week (36 hours) course based on the psychophysiological model of pain. All groups were administered validated questionnaires at baseline and at 4, 8, 13, and 26 weeks. The primary outcome was the reduction in pain disability measured by the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire score for the PSRT group (n = 11) decreased from 9.5 (±4.3 SDs) to 3.3 (±5.1) after 26 weeks which was statistically significant compared with both MBSR (n = 12) (P = 0.04) and usual care (n = 12) (P = 0.03). Pain bothersomeness scores and pain-related anxiety decreased significantly over 26 weeks in PSRT compared with MBSR and usual care (data in manuscript). At 26 weeks, 63.6% of the PSRT arm reported being pain free (0/10 pain) compared with 25.0% and 16.7% in MBSR and usual care arms, respectively. Psychophysiologic symptom relief therapy attendance was 76%, and there was 100% follow-up of all groups. CONCLUSION: Psychophysiologic symptom relief therapy is a feasible and potentially highly beneficial treatment for patients with nonspecific back pain.

An innovative teaching model in an academic-practice partnership for a Doctor of Nursing Practice program.

Teaching innovations in Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs are essential for preparing practitioners for role responsibilities. The purpose of this paper is to describe a teaching model implemented in a public-private academic-practice partnership in which DNP-prepared healthcare organization nursing leaders joined with college of nursing faculty to teach didactic courses in the DNP program. The conceptual framework for this model is organized around Boyer's (1990) principles of the scholarship of teaching, integration, and application, and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing definition of scholarship (2018). A logic model evaluation plan of the teaching model includes a description of inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes. Outcomes include the attainment of short term goals related to student satisfaction and DNP program completion; faculty and peer satisfaction; and administrator perspectives. Future evaluation will include assessment of long-term impact of the teaching model. The teaching model can be replicated in preparing cohorts of students for advanced practice nursing and cultivating the scholarship of teaching, integration and application.

Optimizing impact through the Tiered Doctor of Nursing Practice Project Model.

Colleges of Nursing (CONs) and health care organizations (HCOs) are increasingly embracing academic-practice partnerships (AcaPP). An HCO's workforce development plan prompted an AcaPP agreement with a CON for the purpose of increasing the number of doctor of nursing practice (DNP) advanced practice nurses in the HCO. Over a period of 6 years, 4 consecutive cohorts of approximately 100 HCO baccalaureate prepared nurses were enrolled in the CON DNP program. The AcaPP environment facilitates large-scale DNP projects among successive cohorts of students. The purpose of this article is to describe the innovative Tiered DNP Project Model, defined as the process by which current students build on and expand select DNP projects implemented by students in initial cohorts. The tiered approach to the DNP project is facilitated by an advising model that occurs in the context of mutually agreed-upon goals and compatible with the HCO strategic plan and CON DNP program objectives. In the Tiered DNP Project Model, select studies are chosen for continuation by DNP students in subsequent cohorts based on nursing leadership guidance of alignment with HCO strategic goals. The model has resulted in driving improvements in HCO patient and systems outcomes, promoted practice scholarship, and contributed to the quality of the CON DNP program.

DNP Practice Improvement Initiative: Staff Nurse Competency Evaluation.

This article describes a practice improvement initiative (PII) demonstrating the impact of doctorate of nursing practice (DNP) skills beyond direct patient care. The Donna Wright Competency Assessment Model, AACN DNP Essentials, and National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties nurse practitioner competencies framed the PII. The DNP graduates planned, implemented, and evaluated an assessment of 1,055 staff nurses on shift hand-off, physical assessment, and hand hygiene. Results indicated that 95% of the staff nurses scored 100% on competency assessment. The PII model was adopted for future competency evaluation.

Introduction: Autochthonous human adaptation to biodiversity change in the Anthropocene.

Rapid biodiversity change that is already occurring across the globe is accelerating, with major and often negative consequences for human well-being. Biodiversity change is partly driven by climate change, but it has many other interacting drivers that are also driving human adaptation, including invasive species, land-use change, pollution and overexploitation. Humans are adapting to changes in well-being that are related with these biodiversity drivers and other forces and pressures. Adaptation, in turn, has feedbacks both for biodiversity change and human well-being; however, to date, these processes have received little science or policy attention. This Special Issue introduces human adaptation to biodiversity change as a science-policy issue. Research on human adaptation to biodiversity change requires new methods and tools as well as conceptual evolution, as social-ecological systems and environmental change adaptation approaches must be reconsidered when they are applied to different processes and contexts-where biodiversity change drivers are highly significant, where people are responding principally to changes in species, species communities and related ecosystem processes, and where adaptation entails changes in the management of biodiversity and related resource use regimes. The research was carried out in different marine and terrestrial environments across the globe. All of the studies consider adaptation among highly biodiversity-reliant populations, including Indigenous Peoples in the Americas and Europe, farmers in Asia and marine resource users in Europe and the Pacific. The concept of autochthonous adaptation is introduced to specifically address adaptation to environmental change in local systems, which also considers that local adaptation is conditioned by multi-scalar influences and occurs in synergy or conflict with adaptations of other non-local agents and actors who enable or constrain autochthonous adaptation options.

Human adaptation to invasive species: A conceptual framework based on a case study metasynthesis.

Species invasions are a major driver of ecological change, are very difficult to control or reverse, and will increase with climate change and global trade. Invasion sciences consider how species in invaded environments adapt, but neither scientists nor policy makers consider human adaptation to invasive species and how this affects ecosystems and well-being. To address this, a framework conceptualising autochthonous human adaptation to invasions was developed based on the Human Adaptation to Biodiversity Change framework and a case study metasynthesis. Results show that adaptation occurs within different spheres of human activity and organisation at different social-ecological scales; responses have feedbacks within and across these spheres. Adaptation to invasives and other drivers is a set of highly contextual, complex, non-linear responses that make up pathways pursued over time. Most invasive species management and adaptation occurs 'from below,' and policies and planned control efforts should support autochthonous adaptation, rather than undermining it.

Human adaptation to biodiversity change: An adaptation process approach applied to a case study from southern India.

Adaptation to environmental change, including biodiversity change, is both a new imperative in the face of global climate change and the oldest problem in human history. Humans have evolved a wide range of adaptation strategies in response to localised environmental changes, which have contributed strongly to both biological and cultural diversity. The evolving set of locally driven, 'bottom-up' responses to environmental change is collectively termed 'autonomous adaptation,' while its obverse, 'planned adaptation,' refers to 'top-down' (from without, e.g. State-driven) responses. After reviewing the dominant vulnerability, risk, and pathway approaches to adaptation, this paper applies an alternative framework for understanding human adaptation processes and responding more robustly to future adaptation needs. This adaptation processes-to-pathways framework is then deployed to consider human responses to biodiversity change caused by an aggressive 'invasive' plant, Lantana camara L., in several agri-forest communities of southern India. The results show that a variety of adaptation processes are developing to make Lantana less disruptive and more useable-from avoidance through mobility strategies to utilizing the plant for economic diversification. However, there is currently no clear synergy or policy support to connect them to a successful long-term adaptation pathway. These results are evaluated in relation to broader trends in adaptation analysis and governance to suggest ways of improving our understanding and support for human adaptation to biodiversity change at the household, community, and regional livelisystem levels, especially in societies highly dependent on local biodiversity for their livelihoods.