Movement through motherhood: Exploring mood, wellbeing, and prenatal emotional availability (EA) through EA-based dance intervention.

Emotional availability (EA) is a construct that describes the observed emotional connection in parent-child relationships. During pregnancy, EA is assessed only using caregiver sensitivity and nonhostility. We used the nonverbal aspects of these qualities to create a new dance/movement intervention ("EA-Based Dance Intervention"). Given the scarcity of pregnancy interventions, we provided training to participants on how to be emotionally engaged with their unborn babies through dance/movement. The EA-Based Dance Intervention alone comprised the first intervention arm (n = 12). A second intervention arm involved the combination of EA-Based Dance Intervention with brief psychoeducation (n = 10). The third arm was a control group, which received only the assessments (n = 7). Measures of self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety, emotional expressivity, flourishing, and the (newly developed) self-reported prenatal EA were used at pre- and posttest. The measure of observed prenatal EA was used to compare intervention versus control at posttest only. In this pilot study, we found that participants receiving the EA-Based Dance Intervention alone or combined with psychoeducation, self-reported improved anxiety symptoms and self-reported higher prenatal EA. When compared with the control group, those experiencing EA-Based Dance Intervention reported fewer depressive symptoms from pre- to posttest.

La disponibilidad emocional (EA) es una construcción que describe la observada conexión emocional en las relaciones entre progenitor y niño. Durante el embarazo, EA se evalúa solamente usando la sensibilidad y el nivel de no hostilidad de quien presta el cuidado. Usamos los aspectos no verbales de estas cualidades para crear una nueva intervención de baile/movimiento ("Intervención de Baile con Base en la Disponibilidad Emocional"). Dada la escasez de intervenciones de embarazo, les ofrecimos entrenamiento a las participantes en cuanto a cómo interactuar emocionalmente con sus bebés no nacidos por medio del baile/movimiento. La Intervención de Baile con Base en la Disponibilidad Emocional abarca por sí sola el primer grupo o brazo de la intervención (n = 12). Un segundo grupo o brazo de intervención incluyó la combinación de la Intervención de Baile con Base en la Disponibilidad Emocional con psicoeducación breve (n = 10). El tercer grupo o brazo de intervención fue un grupo de control, el cual sólo recibió las evaluaciones (n = 7). Anterior y posteriormente a la prueba, se usaron medidas de auto reportados síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, de expresividad emocional, de mejorar y salir adelante, y la (recién desarrollada) EA prenatal auto reportada. La medida de EA prenatal observada se usó para comparar los grupos de intervención vs. de control sólo con posterioridad a la prueba. En este estudio piloto, encontramos que las participantes que recibían la Intervención de Baile con Base en la Disponibilidad Emocional solamente o combinada con psicoeducación, auto reportaron mejoras en los síntomas de ansiedad y auto reportaron una EA prenatal más alta. Cuando se les comparó con el grupo de control, quienes experimentaban la Intervención de Baile con Base en la Disponibilidad Emocional reportaron menos síntomas depresivos desde antes hasta después de la prueba.

Mother-Child and Father-Child Emotional Availability during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

While the body of literature on COVID-19's impacts on family life is rapidly expanding, most studies are based entirely on self-report data, leaving a critical gap in observational studies of parent-child interactions. The goal of this study was to evaluate parent-child relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic using the observational emotional availability (EA) construct. Parents (n = 43) were assessed using the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII), the Flourishing Scale (FLS), and the adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) questionnaires. The subcategories of the EPII were used to develop an EPII negative and an EPII positive for each parent. EA (sensitivity, structuring, nonhostility, nonintrusiveness, child responsiveness, and child involvement) was coded from filmed parent-child interactions. Separate hierarchical multiple regressions (HMRs) were run to evaluate each of the variables of interest (EPII and FLS) as predictive of EA. Child age (M = 6, SD = 4.68) and ACEs were added in subsequent steps for EPII negative and positive if the initial step was significant. For mothers (n = 25), results demonstrated EPII negative as a significant predictor of EA with child age and ACEs adding only small amount of variance to the prediction. The same HMR process was repeated for flourishing, with the covariate child age alone. For fathers (n = 18), flourishing was a significant predictor of EA and child age added only a small amount of variance to the prediction. Results indicate that experiencing high COVID-19-related stressors is associated with lower EA for mothers, but not fathers. Having high levels of flourishing during the pandemic was predictive of higher EA for fathers, but not mothers.