Transvaginal extraperitoneal single-port laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for apical prolapse after total/subtotal hysterectomy: Chinese surgeons' initial experience.

BACKGROUND: To introduce a novel technique of transvaginal extraperitoneal single-port laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (ESLS) for apical prolapse and to evaluate the feasibility and short-term outcomes of this technique. METHODS: Sixteen patients were enrolled to undergo ESLS between January 2020 and May 2021. Perioperative outcomes were included. Short-term results were assessed by Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20), Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) scores, mesh exposure and prolapse recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 14/16 cases (87.5%) were successfully completed. The mean operation time was 118 min (range 85-160), and the mean blood loss was 68 ml (range 20-100). The mean postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) pain score at 24 h was 0.7. No intraoperative complications occurred except for one patient who developed subcutaneous emphysema. All patients gained a significant improvement in both physical prolapse and quality of life at 12 months after surgery, and there was no mesh exposure or prolapse recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience showed that transvaginal ESLS is a feasible and effective technique for apical prolapse with a previous hysterectomy. However, this technique should be performed by surgeons with extensive experience both in vaginal surgery and laparoscopic single-port surgery.

Mesh Exposure and Prolapse Recurrence Following Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery for Sacrocolpopexy: Over 24 Months of Follow-up Data.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe the results of mesh exposure and prolapse recurrence of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) for sacrocolpopexy after more than 24 months of postoperative follow-up. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A university hospital. PATIENTS: Women with uterine prolapse who underwent vNOTES sacrocolpopexy with an ultralightweight polypropylene mesh between May 2018 and March 2020. INTERVENTIONS: vNOTES sacrocolpopexy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 57 women, 55 women (96.5%) were included in the final analysis. The mean follow-up duration was 35.5 ± 7.6 (24-46) months. The total incidence of mesh exposure was 3 of 55 (5.5%). The total incidence of prolapse recurrence was 3 of 55 (5.5%). The changes in the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System scores, including Aa, Ba, C, Ap, Bp, and total vaginal length values, showed significant improvement after surgery (p <.05 for all). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that vNOTES sacrocolpopexy appears to be an effective option with low risks of mesh exposure and prolapse recurrence. Studies including more patients and longer follow-up periods should be performed before a clear conclusion can be reached.

Transvaginal single-port versus multi-port laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Sacrocolpopexy is the gold standard treatment for apical prolapse. With the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques, the new approach of transvaginal single-port laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (TS-LSC) has become available. However, its therapeutic effects remain unclear. The aim of this study is to compare the middle-term clinical outcomes of transvaginal single-port laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with multi-port laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) for apical prolapse. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Patients with advanced apical prolapse who underwent either TS-LSC or LSC between May 2017 to June 2019 were enrolled. Baseline demographics, perioperative results, perioperative and postoperative complications, pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POPQ) scores, pelvic floor distress inventory (PFDI-20) score and pelvic organ prolapse/urinary incontinence sexual function questionnaire (PISQ-12) score were collected at 2 years. RESULTS: 89 subjects were analyzed: 46 in TS-LSC and 43 in LSC group. Follow-up time was 38.67 ± 7.46 vs 41.81 ± 7.13 months, respectively. Baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes were similar except that pain score was lower (2.37 ± 0.90 vs 3.74 ± 1.05) and cosmetic score was higher (9.02 ± 0.75 vs 7.21 ± 0.89) in TS-LSC group (P < 0.05). Complication rates did not differ between groups. 3 mesh exposure in each group were noted. Recurrence rate was 2.17% in TS-LSC and 6.98% in LSC, no apical recurrence occurred. Constipation was the most common postoperative symptom. Besides, patients in TS-LSC group had better POP-Q C point (- 6.83 ± 0.54 vs - 6.39 ± 0.62, P < 0.05), and similar Aa, Ap and TVL values. Bladder and pelvic symptoms were improved in both groups, but colorectal symptoms were not relieved. There were no differences of PISQ-12 scores between groups. CONCLUSION: TS-LSC was not inferior to LSC at 2 years. Patients may benefit from its mild pain, better cosmetic effect and better apical support as well as good safety and efficacy. TS-LSC is a promising considerable choice for advanced vaginal apical prolapse. Trial registration ChiCTR2000032334, 2020-4-26 (retrospectively registered).

Long-term outcomes of transvaginal mesh surgery for pelvic organ prolapse: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the overall outcomes and complications of transvaginal mesh (TVM) placement for the management of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) with different meshes with a greater than 10-years of follow-up. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of patients with POP who underwent prolapse repair surgery with placement of transvaginal mesh (Prolift kit or self-cut Gynemesh) between January 2005 and December 2010. Baseline of patient characteristics were collected from the patients' medical records. During follow-up, the anatomical outcomes were evaluated using the POP Quantification system, and the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) was used to assess the response of a condition to therapy. Overall postoperative satisfaction was assessed by the following question: "What is your overall postoperative satisfaction, on a scale from 0 to 10?". Relapse-free survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: In total, 134 patients were included. With a median 12-year (range 10-15) follow-up, 52 patients (38.8%) underwent TVM surgery with Prolift, and Gynemesh was used 82 (61.2%). 91% patients felt that POP symptom improved based on the PGI-I scores, and most satisfied after operation. The recurrence rates of anterior, apical and posterior compartment prolapse were 5.2%, 5.2%, and 2.2%, respectively. No significant differences in POP recurrence, mesh-associated complications and urinary incontinence were noted between TVM surgery with Prolift versus Gynemesh. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of POP by TVM surgery exhibited long-term effectiveness with acceptable morbidity. The outcomes of the mesh kit were the same as those for self-cutmesh.

Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for uterosacral ligament suspension: pilot study of 35 cases of severe pelvic organ prolapse.

BACKGROUND: To describe the short-term outcomes of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) for uterosacral ligament suspension (USLS) in patients with severe prolapse. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of patients with severe prolapse (≥ stage 3) who underwent vNOTES for USLS between May 2019 and July 2020. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) score, Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire short form (PISQ-12) and Pelvic Floor Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) were used to evaluate physical prolapse and quality of life before and after vNOTES for USLS. RESULTS: A total of 35 patients were included. The mean operative duration was 111.7 ± 39.4 min. The mean blood loss was 67.9 ± 35.8 ml. Statistically significant differences were observed between before and after vNOTES USLS in Aa (+ 0.6 ± 1.7 versus - 2.9 ± 0.2), Ba (+ 1.9 ± 2.2 versus - 2.9 ± 0.3), C (+ 1.5 ± 2.2 versus - 6.9 ± 0.9), Ap (- 1.4 ± 1.0 versus - 3.0 ± 0.1) and Bp (- 1.1 ± 1.4 versus - 2.9 ± 0.1) (P < 0.05 for all). The mean pre- and postoperative PFDI-20 score was 19.9 ± 6.7 and 3.2 ± 5.4, respectively, and the mean pre- and postoperative PISQ-12 score was 24.8 ± 2.3 and 38.3 ± 4.1, respectively (P < 0.05 for both). During 1-13 months of follow-up, there were no cases of severe complications or recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: vNOTES for USLS may be a feasible technique to manage severe prolapse, with promising short-term efficacy and safety. Larger studies with more patients and longer follow-up periods should be performed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety profile of vNOTES for USLS.

Transvaginal single-port laparoscopic pelvic reconstruction with Y-shaped mesh: experiences of 93 cases.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: To demonstrate the outcomes of pelvic reconstruction using Y-shaped mesh in patients with multiple-compartment pelvic organ prolapse via transvaginal single-port laparoscopy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case series study. Patients diagnosed with severe multiple-compartment prolapse were enrolled between July 1, 2017, and March 31, 2020. Patients underwent transvaginal single-port laparoscopic pelvic reconstruction with Y-shaped mesh. Baseline data and perioperative results were collected. Patients were followed up with the POP-Q score, Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire short form (PISQ-12). T-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Operations were successful in all 93 patients without conversion or serious complications. Mean operative time was 132.70 ± 28.02 min and estimated blood loss was 110.65 ± 56.31 ml. VAS pain score was 2.91 ± 1.16 and cosmetic score was 9.20 ± 0.60. During 1-33 months of follow-up, no recurrence or mesh exposure was observed. Five patients suffered from de novo SUI, six had constipation, two had dyspareunia, and one had persistent pelvic pain. The pre- and postoperative Aa point was +2.13 ± 1.23 vs. -2.91 ± 0.28 (P < 0.05), C point was 2.63 ± 2.41 vs. -6.86 ± 0.69 (P < 0.05), and Ap point was -0.26 ± 1.79 vs. -2.97 ± 0.16 (P < 0.05). The PFDI-20 score was 76.81 ± 32.06 vs. 18.18 ± 20.25 (P < 0.05), while the PISQ-12 score was 34.30 ± 4.17 vs. 37.20 ± 2.60 (P < 0.05), which suggested significant improvements in both physical prolapse and quality of life after surgery. CONCLUSION: Transvaginal single-port laparoscopic pelvic reconstruction with Y-shaped mesh is a feasible, effective and safe treatment option for severe multiple-compartment prolapse. Patients may benefit from its mild pain level and good cosmetic effect as well as only minor mesh-related complications.

LeFort colpocleisis for recurrent pelvic organ prolapse.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The causes of recurrence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are sufficiently understood. However, few studies are available evaluating reoperation for recurrence of POP. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of LeFort colpocleisis for recurrent POP. METHODS: We reviewed data from patients with recurrent POP who underwent LerFort colpocleisis at a center between March 2012 and April 2017. Quality of life was assessed using the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory Questionnaire (PFDI-20) scores. The Patient Global Impression of Improvement scale (PGI-I) was used to assess self-perceived success and subjective measures of satisfaction. The Clavien-Dindo classification (CD) was used to assess the safety of the procedure. Chi-square and paired t-tests were used to compare the same patients before and after treatment in the follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients with recurrent POP after previous prolapse surgery underwent LeFort colpocleisis. Most of these patients had at least one comorbidity. The mean age (years) was 71.8 (7.3). The mean time to recurrent POP was 5.602 (3.643) years. There were no intraoperative bladder lesions or rectal lesions. At mean follow-up of 33.1 months, all patients had no recurrence (< stage 2), significant resolution of awareness of prolapse (P < 0.05), and significantly improved satisfaction on PGI-I after surgery. Minor complications were classified as CD II level in four cases (15.4%). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that LeFort colpocleisis is feasible and safe for recurrent POP, especially in older women with comorbidities.

Single-incision multiport laparoscopy versus multichannel-tipped single port laparoscopy in gynecologic surgery: outcomes and benefits.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the feasibility and safety of single-incision multiport laparoscopy (SIMPL) used in patients who underwent laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) for gynecologic disease, and the cosmetic outcome and economic benefit compared with multichannel-tipped single port laparoscopy (MSPL). INTERVENTION: We underwent LESS via a single 2.5- to 3.0-cm umbilical incision with the Single-Incision Multiport Laparoscopic Surgery Trocar available on the market, briefly named MSPL. Since January 2014, we improved the procedure and named SIMPL. In SIMPL group, two traditional laparoscopic trocar (diameter=5 mm) and one mini-laparoscopic trocar (diameter =3 mm) were inserted into the peritoneum separately through a single 1.5- to 1.8-cm umbilical transcutaneous incision. Subject demographics and clinical variables were collected and perioperative outcomes analyzed. In addition, the size of umbilicus was measured in all patients prior to the operation and the levels of cosmetic satisfaction were evaluated at 4 weeks after surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: From January 2014 to December 2014, there were 32 patients who underwent SIMPL for ovarian cystectomy. Hospital cost was significantly lower in SIMPL group compared with MSPL group (RMB 10207.0 vs 17973.7 yuan), P<0.001. Compared with MSPL group, the SIMPL group reported significantly higher cosmetic satisfaction at 4 weeks afer surgery (P<0.1). Besides, the SIMPL procedures performed in benign gynecologic surgery were myomectomy (n=8), salpingpoophorectomy (n=2), salpingectomy (n=5), adhesiolysis and fimbrioplasty (n=32), ovarian drilling (n=3), salpingotomy for ectopic pregnancy (n=3). All surgeries were completed successfully without conversion to the traditional laparoscopic approach. Two postoperative complications occurred were delay healing of umbilicus incision after myomectomy. The cosmetic satisfactory rate was 100%. CONCLUSION: According to our experience, SIMPL is safe and efficient for simple gynecologic operation, with lower cost and better cosmetic results than MSPL. Beyond cosmetic and economic results, further randomized studies are needed to identify a possible benefit.

Relationship of advanced glycation end products and their receptor to pelvic organ prolapse.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study are to detect levels of AGEs and RAGE and SNPs for RAGE in vaginal tissues of women with POP and rats in a repair location, and to explore the relationship between AGEs-RAGE pathway and POP. METHODS: This study involved human vaginal tissues in fornix from 44 women with POP and 46 women without POP who were assigned to pelvic floor reconstruction or LAVH. The proteins of AGEs, collagen I, and RAGE were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot with appropriate primary antibodies. The entire RAGE gene of 24 women with POP and 25 controls were sequenced, and SNPs within were detected. Then, sixty 8-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to abdominal defect were divided into three surgical pelvic floor reconstruction repair groups (n=20/group): A, repair with non-absorable prolene mesh; B, repair with absorbable SIS mesh; and C, a no repair control group. 3, 9, 15, and 21 months after operation, rats were sacrificed and the expression of AGEs, RAGE and collagen I in the tissues of repair location were detected in the various experimental groups. Statistical analysis included comparison of means (Student's t-test) and proportions (Chi-square test or Fisher test). RESULTS: By both immunohistochemistry and Western blot, patients with POP showed higher protein expression of AGEs of POP than controls (P<0.05). In contrast, the expression of collagen I was lower in POP patients than in the control group (P<0.05). No differences in the expression of RAGE between the POP patients and controls were observed (P>0.05). In POP patients, the expression of collagen I decreased particularly in patients≥60 years old (P<0.05), but there were no different in the expression of AGEs and RAGE dependent on age (P>0.05). RAGE gene sequence variance analysis identified 18 variable loci, but only two of these were potential SNPs: rs184003 (1806), rs55640627 (2346) (P<0.05). Both rs184003 and rs55640627 are both intronic variants, indicating that they may not influence the structure of RAGE. In rat surgical repair model, group B showed a greater extent of abdominal prolapse than groups A and C (P<0.05). Consistent with this, the expression of AGEs in group B was higher than groups A and C (P<0.05), and collagen I in group B was lower than the two others, further supporting our notion that AGEs are inversely related to type I collagen content. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study demonstrates that AGEs and RAGE might play important roles in the physiopathology of POP. Further studies are required to explore mechanisms of how AGEs-RAGE pathway may contribute to tissue degeneration and fragility in POP.

Long-term treatment outcomes of transvaginal mesh surgery versus anterior-posterior colporrhaphy for pelvic organ prolapse.

BACKGROUND: In spite of rapid growth in the use of vaginally placed mesh in pelvic reconstructive surgery, there are few reports on the long-term efficacy and safety of mesh-augmented repairs. AIMS: To compare the long-term outcomes of modified pelvic floor reconstructive surgery with mesh (MPFR) versus traditional anterior-posterior colporrhaphy (APC) for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). METHODS: This retrospective cohort study involved 158 women who underwent surgical management of prolapse with MPFR (n = 84) or APC (n = 74) in the period between January 2007 and June 2008. Main outcome measures included pelvic organ prolapse quantification measurement, Short Form-20 Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20), Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ) questionnaires, perioperative outcomes, complications and a personal interview about urinary and sexual symptoms. Statistical analysis included comparison of means (Wilcoxon test or Student's t-test) and proportions (χ(2) test). RESULTS: Anatomical success rate for MPFR and APC was 88.1 versus 64.9% (P = 0.001), with a median follow-up of 55 versus 56 months (range 49-66 months, P = 0.341). Both operations significantly improved quality of life, and a greater improvement was seen in MPFR group than in APC group (P = 0.013). Complication rates did not differ significantly between the two groups. The mesh erosion rate was 3.6%. CONCLUSION: Modified pelvic floor reconstructive surgery with mesh had better anatomical and functional outcomes than APC at 4-5 years postoperation, as an alternative, cheap and effective treatment option to mesh kits for the management of POP.

Midterm prospective comparison of vaginal repair with mesh vs Prolift system devices for prolapse.

OBJECTIVE: To compare midterm clinical outcome using modified pelvic floor reconstructive surgery with mesh (MPFR) vs Prolift devices for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). STUDY DESIGN: This prospective observational cohort study involved 223 women with POP stages III-IV who were assigned to either MPFR (n=131) or Prolift device (n=92). Outcomes were analyzed at 6 and 12 months and the last follow-up visit postoperatively. Main outcome measures included pelvic organ prolapse quantification measurement, Short Form-20 Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20), Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ) questionnaires, perioperative outcomes, complications, and a personal interview about urinary and sexual symptoms. Statistical analysis included comparison of means (Wilcoxon test or Student's t-test) and proportions (Chi-square test). Multivariate analysis was carried out using Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: At follow-up (median, 36 months; range, 17-58 months), anatomic success for MPFR and Prolift was 87.07% and 93.41%, respectively (P=0.1339). Both operations significantly improved quality of life, and PFDI-20 scores were lower in the Prolift group than the MPFR group (P=0.03). Complication rates did not differ significantly between the two groups and the prevalence of urinary symptoms decreased postoperatively in both groups. The cost of operation, however, was RMB ¥11,882.86 yuan for MPFR and ¥23,617.59yuan for Prolift (P=0.00). CONCLUSIONS: MPFR and Prolift had comparable anatomic outcomes, Prolift had better functional outcomes than MPFR, but MPFR is much cheaper than Prolift. MPFR is an alternative, cheap and effective surgical treatment option to mesh-kits for the management for POP.

[Comparison outcomes of three surgical procedures in treatment of severe pelvic organ prolapse and analysis of risk factors for genital prolapse recurrence].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical significance and application of modified pelvic floor reconstruction developed by Peking Union Medical College Hospital (MPFR) in treatment of severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP) by comparing the effectiveness, quality of postoperative sexual life, life satisfaction and risk factors for POP recurrence with the following two surgical procedures: traditional total vaginal hysterectomy with anterior-posterior colporrhaphy (TVH-APC) and total vaginal hysterectomy with lateral colporrhaphy and sacrospinous ligament fixation and vaginal bridge repair and episiotomy (TVH-LC-SSLF-VBR-EP). METHODS: Totally 173 patients with severe POP and at least two compartments defects of pelvic floor underwent surgeries in the study, 86 patients (group A) were treated by MPFR with polypropylene mesh application, 58 (group B) were treated by TVH-APC, and 29 patients (group C) were treated by TVH-LC-SSLF-VBR-EP. Peri-operative data and outcomes of postoperative courses at 6, 12, 18 months were collected and analyzed, in the meantime, the risk factors of recurrence were studied. RESULTS: (1) No statistical difference was observed among the above 3 groups in terms of length of operation, amount of blood loss, length of hospital stay, and morbidity after surgery (P > 0.05). (2) Cost hospitalization was (11 448 ± 3049) Yuan in group A, which was significantly higher than (7262 ± 1607) Yuan in group B and (7140 ± 1817) Yuan in group C (P < 0.05). (3) The length of vaginal cuff of (7.5 ± 1.4) cm in group A and (5.6 ± 1.1) cm in group C were significantly longer than (7.1 ± 0.6) cm in group B (P < 0.05). The width of vaginal cuff of (4.3 ± 0.3) cm in group A was larger than (3.4 ± 0.3) cm in group B and (3.3 ± 0.4) cm in group C (P < 0.05). (4) The recurrence rate at 12 months after surgery was 12.8% (11/86) in group A, which was similar with 17.2% (5/29) in group C (P > 0.05) and significantly less than 36.2% (21/58) in group B (P < 0.05). The rate of active sexual life of 16.3% (14/86) in group A was significantly higher than 1.7% (1/58) in group B and 0 in group C (P < 0.05). The index of life quality improvement at 12 months after surgery was 48 ± 12 in group A, which was no less than 53 ± 16 in group C (P > 0.05) and higher than 27 ± 9 in group B (P < 0.05). (5) Mesh rejection was observed in 6 patients in group A within 3 months after surgery, while the posterior vaginal wall was exclusively involved. No difference was found in urinary retention or urinary incontinence among three groups (P > 0.05). (6) The severe degree of POP, type of surgical procedure (TVT-APC), anterior compartment defect of pelvic floor, and early days of performing pelvic floor reconstruction surgeries were high risk factors for POP recurrence (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MPFR has a better curative effect and lower recurrence rate on patients with POP. It can help patients regain integrity of anatomical structure and functions of pelvic floor. TVH-LC-SSLF-VBR-EP is also effective.

Effect of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy on bladder function recovery and quality of life in patients with cervical carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the bladder function recovery and quality of life (QOL) using nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRH) in treating early invasive cervical carcinoma. METHODS: Subjects included patients who underwent radical hysterectomy by laparotomy for early-stage cervical carcinoma. Thirty-one patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups: group A, 15 patients who underwent NSRH; and group B, 16 patients who underwent classical radical hysterectomy. We observed the patients' general clinical information, surgical characteristics, postoperative vital signs, pathological findings, adjuvant therapies, and adverse effects. A urodynamic study was used to assess the bladder function. The patients' QOL was evaluated by Functional Assessment of Cervical Cancer Therapy (FACT-Cx). RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients completed the study. No significant differences were found in age, body mass index, surgery characteristics, pathological findings, adjuvant therapies, and main adverse effects between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The postoperative time of bladder function recovery in group A was obviously earlier than that in group B (P < 0.05). The urodynamic study showed that the extent of bladder function recovery in group A was better than that in group B (P < 0.05). The QOL in group A evaluated 1 year after operation was improved compared with that in group B (P < 0.05). The QOL analysis showed that group A did much better than group B in social and family life, emotional well-being, working status, and the symptom correlated with the operation (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in basic bodily functions (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy is a safe and reliable technique for early invasive cervical carcinoma. The postoperative bladder function recovery and the patients' QOL were improved after NSRH compared with the control group. Therefore, NSRH could be an alternative management to modify the classical surgery for cervical carcinoma with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages IB1 to IIA.

[Four surgical patterns of hysterectomy for uterine without prolapsis: a clinical study].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of the four surgical patterns of hysterectomy for uterine without prolapsis. METHODS: Six hundred and eight patients with different gynecological diseases were operated upon by transvaginal hysterectomy (TVH, 78 cases), laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH, 102 cases), classical intrafascial supracervical hysterectomy (CISH, 228 cases), or transabdominal hysterectomy (TAH, 200 cases). The clinical effects of these surgical patterns were analyzed. RESULTS: The success rate was 100% for TVH, 99.1% for CISH, and 98.0% for LAVH. The bleeding time and bleeding amount were significantly shorter or less in the TVH group than in the other 3 groups (P < 0.05), without a significant difference among the 3 groups. The percentage of analgesic use and postoperative morbidity were significantly higher in the TAH group than in the other 3 groups (P < 0.01), without a significant difference among the 3 groups. The days of hospitalization in the TAH group were significantly more than those in the other 3 groups (P < 0.05), without a significant difference among the 3 groups. The hospitalization expense was greater in the LAVH and CISH groups than in the TVH and TAH groups Except 2 cases of damages to the supravesical artery or ureter occurring during the early stage of CISH group, no surgical damage was found. CONCLUSION: Highly effective and with less injury, minimally invasive surgery in hysterectomy is worth spreading. LAVH and CISH apply in the cases with severe pelvic adhesion, with adhesive adnexa to be resected, or with adnexal cyst > 5 cm. CISH and TAH apply in the uterine larger than 16 weeks pregnant size. LAVH and TAH apply in the cases highly suspected as malignant diseases of uterine or endometrium.