Activated carbon from Camellia oleifera shells for adsorption of Y(iii): experimental and DFT studies.

Yttrium is an important rare earth element and is widely used in fields such as special glass preparation, metallurgy, and materials science. However, it is difficult to recover yttrium ion waste from dilute solutions with traditional processes, resulting in a significant waste of rare earth resources. The simple, effective, and easy-to-operate adsorption method is the most promising method for recovering yttrium, which is of great significance for sustainable development of the rare earth industry. In this study, activated carbon was prepared from Camellia oleifera fruit shells (COS) using phosphoric acid activation, and efficient recovery of Y(iii) from the Camellia oleifera fruit shell activated carbon was studied. Adsorption equilibrium data showed that this activated carbon had a Y(iii) adsorption capacity of 35.41 mg g-1, indicating significant potential for recovery of yttrium ions. The adsorption of Y(iii) by the activated carbon prepared from COS was consistent with the Langmuir model, and the adsorption data were consistent with the pseudo second-order kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption process was primarily chemical adsorption. After adsorption, the surface of the activated carbon contained large amounts of N, O, and Y, indicating that Y(iii) was stably adsorbed. The mechanisms for adsorption of Y(iii) on three types of activated carbon were studied through DFT calculations. The results showed that Y(iii) interacted with the carbon atoms on the surfaces to form new chemical bonds. The yttrium ion adsorption capacities for the three different activated carbons decreased in the order C I > C II > C.

A recurrent headache circumscribed in a coronal line-shaped area around the head: a coronal linear headache.

BACKGROUND: Linear headache (LH) has recently been described as a paroxysmal or continuous head pain restricted in a linear trajectory of 5-10 mm in width, linking one endpoint in occipital or occipitocervical region with another endpoint in ipsilateral nasion or forehead region. The sagittal line-shaped pain area of LH is close and parallel to a sagittal venous sinus, the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). For some patients, the LH had some features resembling the pattern of migraine without aura. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 45 year-old woman complained with a distinct headache for more than half years. The pain trajectory of the headache is confined to a coronal line-shaped area of 5-10 mm in width linking the two points in the bilateral temporal regions with the occipital protuberance. This coronal line-shaped pain area is close and parallel to a coronal cambered venous sinus complex, the combination of the confluences of sinus and the bilateral cavernous sinus (CS), superior petrosal sinus (SPS) linking the CS with transverse sinus (TS) and TS into which the SPS feeds. The patient had a past history of migraine without aura for 10 years and her son had a benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPV) for 12 years. Both of her coronal line-shaped headache and her son's vertigo had well response to sodium valproate. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION: Its clinical characteristics were distinctly different from those of other two headache entities defined with topographical criteria, nummular headache and epicrania fugax, and different from other existing headache entities except for migraine without aura. CONCLUSION: The distinct coronal line-shaped headache is suggestive of a variant of LH, a coronal LH, and probably belongs to a subtype of migraine without aura as proposed for LH. This coronal LH reinforces the proposal of LH as a new headache syndrome or a subtype of a previously known headache syndrome, probably of migraine.

Linear headache: clinical characteristics of eight new cases.

BACKGROUND: Linear headache (LH) has recently been described as a paroxysmal or continuous fixed head pain restricted in a linear trajectory of 5-10 mm in width, linking one endpoint in occipital or occipitocervical region with another endpoint in ipsilateral nasion or forehead region. For some patients, this headache had some features resembling migraine without aura. METHODS: We made a prospective search of patients presenting with a clinical picture comprised under the heading of LH and we have accessed eight new cases. A detailed clinical feature of the headache was obtained in all cases to differentiate with cranial neuralgia, paroxysmal hemicrania, cervicogenic headache, nummular headache and migraine. RESULTS: The eight LH patients complained of a recurrent moderate to severe, distending, pulsating, or pressure-like pain within a strictly unilateral line-shaped area. The headache duration would be ranged from 1 h to 2 days or persistent for 1-6 months with recurrent worsening of headaches. For some patients, this headache had couple of features similar to that of migraine pattern, such as accompaniments of nausea, vomiting, and phonophobia, diziness, triggering factors of noise, bright night, resting after physical activity, fatigue, menstruation, and response to anti-migraine therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This description reinforces the proposal of LH as a new headache syndrome or a new variant of a previously known headache syndrome, probably of migraine.