Closed Bipolar Nanoelectrode Array for Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Alkaline Phosphatase and Two-Dimensional Imaging of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors.

The combination of closed bipolar electrodes (cBPE) with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in the field of bioanalysis. Here, we established a cBPE-ECL platform for ultrasensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and two-dimensional imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This cBPE-ECL system consists of a high-density gold nanowire array in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane as the cBPE coupled with ECL of highly luminescent cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs) luminophores to achieve cathodic electro-optical conversion. When an enzyme-catalyzed amplification effect of ALP with 4-aminophenyl phosphate monosodium salt hydrate (p-APP) as the substrate and 4-aminophenol (p-AP) as the electroactive probe is introduced, a significant improvement of sensing sensitivity with a detection limit as low as 0.5 fM for ALP on the cBPE-ECL platform can be obtained. In addition, the cBPE-ECL sensing system can also be used to detect cancer cells with an impressive detection limit of 50 cells/mL by labeling ALP onto the EGFR protein on A431 human epidermal cancer cell membranes. Thus, two-dimensional (2D) imaging of the EGFR proteins on the cell surface can be achieved, demonstrating that the established cBPE-ECL sensing system is of high resolution for spatiotemporal cell imaging.

Impact of particulate-matter air pollution on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: a mendelian randomisation study.

OBJECTIVES: In observational studies, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level in body has been found to be closely related to particulate matter (PM) air pollution. In this study, we used the two-sample mendelian randomisation (MR) method to investigate and discuss the potential causal relationship and mode of influence. STUDY DESIGN: MR study. METHODS: PM data (PM10, PM2.5-10, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance) came from the UK Biobank database, and 25(OH)D data came from European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) database. The analysis was conducted utilising three prominent methods (inverse-variance-weighted [IVW], MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode). The primary emphasis was placed on IVW, accompanied by heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy tests. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was undertaken. RESULTS: The MR analysis revealed a significant association between exposure to PM10 and a decrease in levels of 25(OH)D (odds ratio [OR]: 0.878, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.789-0.977). However, no significant relationship was observed between PM2.5 exposure and 25(OH)D (OR: 0.943, 95%CI: 0.858-1.037). Further analysis indicated that the main contributor to the decline in 25(OH)D levels is linked to PM2.5-10 exposure (OR: 0.840, 95%CI: 0.751-0.940) and PM2.5 absorbance (OR: 0.875, 95%CI: 0.824-0.929). No heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy existed. CONCLUSIONS: The MR results suggest that PM (PM10, PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 absorbance) exposure lowers vitamin D (VD) levels, but PM2.5 was not found to have a significant effect on VD in humans.

Potential causal associations of PM2.5 and osteoporosis: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies suggest a potential association between atmospheric particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and osteoporosis, but a causal association is unclear due to the presence of confounding factors. Methods: We utilized bone mineral density indices at four specific sites to represent osteoporosis: femoral neck (FN-BMD), lumbar spine (LS-BMD), forearm (FA-BMD), and heel (HE-BMD). The PM2.5 data was obtained from the UK Biobank database, while the datasets for FN-BMD, LS-BMD, and FA-BMD were obtained from the GEFOS database, and the dataset for HE-BMD was obtained from the EBI database. A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted using mainly the inverse variance weighted method, horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity were also assessed. Results: The results indicated that PM2.5 was not correlated with a decrease in FN-BMD (ß: -0.305, 95%CI: -0.762, 0.153), LS-BMD (ß: 0.134, 95%CI: -0.396, 0.666), FA-BMD (ß: -0.056, 95%CI: -1.172,1.060), and HE-BMD (ß: -0.084, 95%CI: -0.261,0.093). Additionally, acceptable levels of horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity were observed. Conclusion: In contrast to most observational studies, our research did not discover a potential causal relationship between PM2.5 and the development of osteoporosis.

Giant adenoma of the gallbladder misdiagnosed as gallbladder carcinoma： A case report / 临床肝胆病杂志

One patient with gallbladder mass had transient jaundice and was diagnosed with gallbladder carcinoma by abdominal ultrasonography， contrast-enhanced CT， MRCP， and PET-CT. Surgical exploration showed enlarged gallbladder and a mass in the neck of the gallbladder pressing against the hilum of the liver， with no manifestation of tumor invasion， and there were no signs of liver metastasis. Only cholecystectomy was performed for the patient. The pathological diagnosis was tubular adenoma of the gallbladder without carcinogenesis. This case is characterized by a large gallbladder tumor， without marginal infiltration on imaging or malignant transformation based on pathology.

Reverse traction with Kirschner wires and bilateral external fixation device combined with minimally invasive plate oseoynthesis technique for tibial plateau fractures of type Schatzker V and VI.

PURPOSE: Complex bicondylar tibial plateau fracture (TPF) has always been a tricky problem for surgeons. We created a novel external device used intraoperatively consisting of Kirschner wires, and combined with minimally invasive plate oseoynthesis (MIPO) technique to treat complex bicondylar TPFs, and the clinical effect and feasibility were further evaluated. METHODS: From March 2016 to February 2021, 49 cases (29 males and 20 females) were identified as bicondylar TPF, the mean age 47.2 (27-69). All patients adopted the device and MIPO technique. A series of score, complications, and radiographs in the follow-up period, from three months, six months, one year, and two years and the last follow-up, were recorded, from visual analogue score (VAS), hospital for special surgery (HSS), and Short-Form 36 (SF-36), containing physical (PCS) and mental (MCS), and Rasmussen score. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients showed good functional recovery. No patients were lost, mean follow-up time was 28.17 ± 2.81 (24.2-35.4) months. Operation time was 89.80 ± 13.46 (58-110) min. At the last follow-up, VAS was 1.3 ± 0.92 (0-4), HHS was 93.10 ± 2.63 (89-99), PCS was 49.20 ± 7.40 (38-65), and MCS was 50.08 ± 4.77 (43-62). Complications were as follows: cutaneous necrosis (3, 6%), asymptomatic arthritis (3, 6%), symptomatic arthritis (1, 2%), and deep venous thrombosis (1, 2%). Mean fracture healing time was 11.82 ± 1.5 (10-15.4) weeks. All patients got recovery without extra surgery and removed the implants at 12.85 ± 0.76 (11.2-15.4) months. CONCLUSION: Temporary traction device of bilateral external fixator combined with MIPO technique was simple and convenient, with a smaller soft-tissue damage, an easier operational approach, and its worth being promoted.

Mid-Term Follow-Up Results After Hemiarthroplasty Using Long Femoral Stem Prosthesis (Peerless-160) for Intertrochanteric Fractures in Octogenarians.

Purpose: To analyze the clinical effect and imaging data of cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty employing a long femoral stem (peerless-160) and 2 reconstructed femoral titanium wires to repair intertrochanteric fractures among the octogenarians. Methods: Between June 2014 and August 2016, 58 octogenarians with femoral intertrochanteric fractures underwent the long femoral stem (peerless-160) cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty by the same surgeon. We assessed clinical and radiological outcomes such as operative time, bleeding volume, blood transfusion volume, length of hospital stay, full weight-bearing walking time, walking ability calculated by Koval classification and Harris Hip Score (HHS), including fracture healing and greater trochanter fragments subsidence. Result: The surgery was successfully performed in all patients. The average operation time was 72.8 ± 13.2 min, the average blood loss during surgery was 225.0 ± 91.4 mL, 200 mL of blood was transfused, the mean duration of hospitalization was 11.9 ± 4.0 days, the mean time of full weight bearing was 12.5 ± 3.8 days. Patients were followed up for 24-68 months, averagely 49.4 ± 10.3 months. During follow-up, 4 (6.9%) patients died, and 1 (1.7%) was completely lost to ask about the recent situation. The average Harris Hip Score at the last follow-up was 87.8 ± 6.1, most of the patients recovered walking ability, under radiological examination, the prosthesis showed no signs of loosening. All trochanteric fractures gradually healed, the clinical and radiographic signs of healing occurred at average of 4.0 ± 1.1 months postoperatively. Conclusion: For osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fractures in octogenarians, this study confirmed that the Cementless Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty Using a Long Femoral stem (peerless-160) with double cross binding technique is a satisfactory and safe choice for the octogenarians.

Different effects of vaccine on VST in critical and non-critical COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study of 363 cases.

Aim: To explore the risk factors of prolonged viral shedding time (VST) in critical/non-critical COVID-19 patients during hospitalization. Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 363 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted in a designated hospital during the COVID-19 outbreak in Nanjing Lukou International Airport. Patients were divided into critical (n = 54) and non-critical (n = 309) groups. We analyzed the relationship between the VST and demographics, clinical characteristics, medications, and vaccination histories, respectively. Results: The median duration of VST was 24 d (IQR, 20-29) of all patients. The VST of critical cases was longer than non-critical cases (27 d, IQR, 22.0-30.0 vs. 23 d, IQR 20-28, P < 0.05). Cox proportional hazards model showed that ALT (HR = 1.610, 95%CI 1.186-2.184, P = 0.002) and EO% (HR = 1.276, 95%CI 1.042-1.563, P = 0.018) were independent factors of prolonged VST in total cases; HGB (HR = 0.343, 95%CI 0.162-0.728, P = 0.005) and ALP (HR = 0.358, 95%CI 0.133-0.968, P = 0.043) were independent factors of prolonged VST in critical cases, while EO% (HR = 1.251, 95%CI 1.015-1.541, P = 0.036) was the independent factor of prolonged VST in non-critical cases. Vaccinated critical cases showed higher levels of SARS-CoV-2-IgG (1.725 S/CO, IQR 0.3975-28.7925 vs 0.07 S/CO, IQR 0.05-0.16, P < 0.001) and longer VSTs (32.5 d, IQR 20.0-35.25 vs 23 d, IQR 18.0-30.0, P = 0.011) compared with unvaccinated critical patients. Fully vaccinated non-critical cases, however, presented higher levels of SARS-CoV-2-IgG (8.09 S/CO, IQR 1.6975-55.7825 vs 0.13 S/CO IQR 0.06-0.41, P < 0.001) and shorter VSTs (21 d, IQR 19.0-28.0 vs 24 d, IQR 21.0-28.5, P = 0.013) compared with unvaccinated non-critical patients. Conclusions: Our results suggested that risk factors of prolonged VST were different between critical and non-critical COVID-19 patients. Increased level of SARS-CoV-2-IgG and vaccination did not shorten the VST and hospital stay in critical COVID-19 patients.

Expressing IL-15/IL-18 and CXCR2 improve infiltration and survival of EGFRvIII-targeting CAR-T cells in breast cancer.

Previously, we have generated EGFRvIII-targeting CAR-T cells and brought hope for treating advanced breast cancer. However, EGFRvIII-targeting CAR-T cells were defined limited anti-tumor efficacy, which might be due to reduced accumulation, persistence of therapeutic T cells in tumor site of breast cancer. CXCLs were highly expressed in tumor environment of breast cancer and CXCR2 is the main receptor for CXCLs. Here, CXCR2 could significantly improve the trafficking and tumor specific accumulation of CAR-T cells both in vivo and in vitro. However, the anti-tumor effect of CXCR2 CAR-T cells were weaken which might be results of the apoptosis of T cells. Cytokines could stimulate Tcell proliferation, such as interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-18. Then, we generated CXCR2 CAR with synthetic IL-15 or IL-18 production. Co-expressing IL-15 or IL-18 could significantly suppress the exhaustion and apoptosis of T cells and enhanced the anti-tumor activity of CXCR2 CAR-T cells in vivo. Further, coexpression IL-15 or IL-18 in CXCR2 CAR-T cells did not cause toxicity. These findings provide a potential therapy strategy of co-expression IL-15 or IL-18 in CXCR2 CAR-T cells for the treatment of advancing breast cancer in the future.

Closed Bipolar Electrode Array for Optical Reporting Reaction-Coupled Electrochemical Sensing and Imaging.

This review centers on a closed bipolar electrode (BPE) array using an electro-fluorochromism (EFC) or electro-chemiluminescence (ECL) reaction as the reporting reaction. Electrochemical signals at one pole of the closed BPE array can be transduced into the EFC or ECL signals at the opposite pole. Therefore, the current signal of a redox reaction can be easily detected and imaged by monitoring the luminescence signal. Recent developments in closed BPE array-based EFC and ECL sensing and imaging are summarized and discussed in detail. Finally, we consider the challenges and opportunities for improving the spatial resolution of closed BPE array-based electrochemical imaging, and emphasize the important application of this technique to the imaging of cellular activities at the single-cell level.

Association between MTHFR c.677C>T variant and erectile dysfunction among males attending fertility clinic / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Genetic risk factors have been shown to contribute to the development of sexual dysfunction. However, the role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene variants in the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED) remains unclear. In this study, we recruited 1254 participants who underwent ED assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function-5. The MTHFR c.677C>T variant was also measured by fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No significant difference in the genotypic frequency of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism (CC, CT, and TT) was observed between men from the ED and non-ED groups. In addition, on binary logistic regression analysis, both crude and adjusted models showed that the risk of ED was not significantly associated with the C677T polymorphism. Interestingly, a significantly higher frequency of the 677TT polymorphism was found in severe and moderate ED (P = 0.02). The positive correlation between the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and severe ED was confirmed by logistic regression analysis, even after adjusting for potential confounders (odds ratio [OR] = 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-5.50, P = 0.02). These findings suggest a positive correlation between the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and the risk of severe ED. Identification of MTHFR gene polymorphisms may provide complementary information for ED patients during routine clinical diagnosis.

Effect of proximal fibula osteotomy on tension of lateral knee soft tissue in patients with knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the short-term efficacy of proximal fibula osteotomy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, and to analyze the effect of osteotomy on the tension of the lateral knee soft tissue of patients and verify the reliability of the Arch string theory.@*METHODS@#A total of 71 patients with varus knee osteoarthritis from December 2019 to March 2022 were included, 3 patients dropped out, and 68 patients completed all trials, collected 27 males and 41 females, aged from 51 to 79 years old, with an average of (68.0±7.0 ) years old. The follow-up time ranged from 4 to 12 weeks, with an average of (3.76±1.94) weeks. After admission, the patient underwent Proximal fibula osteotomy, and the tension of lateral knee soft tissue, visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, the western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and other indicators were recorded before surgery and 1 month after surgery in the weight-bearing state.@*RESULTS@#According to the VAS, the curative effect of a single index was evaluated by referring to the score before and after treatment by Bao Zongzhao. Thirty seven cases were markedly effective, 27 cases were effective, and 4 cases were ineffective. After surgery, 3 patients presented with weakness of dorsalis pedis extension and 1 presented with paresthesia of dorsalis pedis, which disappeared after symptomatic treatment . The VAS and WOMAC score at 1 month after operation were lower than those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001). The tension of lateral knee soft tissue 1 month after operation was lower than that before operation, and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Proximal fibula osteotomy is safe and effective in the treatment of varus knee osteoarthritis in the short term. One month after osteotomy, the tension of lateral knee soft tissue increases under weight-bearing state, but the long-term changes still need further observation and follow-up.

Evidence mapping analysis of clinical research on traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of vertigo / 中国中药杂志

In this study, the evidence map system was used to sort out the clinical research evidence on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of vertigo and understand the evidence distribution in this field. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, and Web of Science were searched for the clinical randomized controlled trial(RCT) and systematic reviews/Meta-analysis on TCM treatment of vertigo in recent five years, and the evidence was analyzed and presented in the form of text and charts. The Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions was used to evaluate the quality of the clinical RCT, and the AMSTAR mea-surement tool was used to evaluate the quality of the systematic reviews/Meta-analysis. A total of 382 RCTs and eight systematic reviews/Meta-analysis were included. In recent five years, the number of published articles has been on the rise. There were many intervention measures and TCM therapies for vertigo. Outcome indicators mainly included clinical efficacy, TCM syndrome score, vertigo score, occurrence of adverse reactions, and effective rate. The overall quality of clinical RCT and systematic reviews/Meta-analysis was low. Most studies have proven the potential efficacy of TCM in treating vertigo, but there was still no clear clinical evidence of efficacy. The results show that TCM has advantages in the treatment of vertigo, but there are also problems. More high-quality studies are still lacking, suggesting that more large-sample and multi-center RCT should be conducted in the future, and the quality of relevant syste-matic reviews/Meta-analysis should be improved to fully explore the advantages of TCM in the treatment of vertigo, and provide strong support for the effectiveness and safety of TCM in the treatment of vertigo.

Effects of heat exposure and vitamin C intervention on oxidative stress and blood pressure changes in treadmill rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of oxidative stress caused by heat exposure on the blood pressure increase of treadmill rats and the intervention of antioxidants. Methods: In June 2021, Twenty-four healthy SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal temperature feeding, normal temperature treadmill, high temperature treadmill and high temperature treadmill supplementation with vitamin C groups, 6 rats in each group. The rats run on the platform in normal temperature or heat exposure environment for 30 min in the morning and in the afternoon daily, 6 days per week. The daily vitamin C supplement dose of high temperature treadmill supplementation with vitamin C group was 10 mg/kg. BP recordings were done at the end of the week. The rat vascular lipofuscin (LF) was detected by ELISA, the rat serum nitric oxide (NO) was detected by nitrate reductase method, the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was detected by thibabituric acid method, the serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by chemiluminescence method, and the serum catalase (CAT) was detected by ammonium molybdate method. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of serum was measured by iron reduction/antioxidant capacity method, and the content of nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in vascular tissue was measured by Western blot. The intra-group mean was compared by repeated measurement analysis of variance, and the inter-group mean was compared by single-factor analysis of variance and post-event LSD-t test. Results: Compared with the previous time point, the systolic BP and diastolic BP of the high temperature treadmill group were significantly increased at 7, 14 and 21 d, and decreased at 28 d which were higher than the initial level (P<0.05), and the systolic BP and diastolic BP values at each experimental time point were significantly higher than those of normal temperature treadmill group (P<0.001). The changes of thickening of the artery wall, no smoothing of the endodermis and irregular arrangement of muscle cells in high temperature treadmill group were observed. Compared with the normal temperature treadmill group, the content of MDA in serum, and LF in vascular tissue were significantly increased, the activities of SOD, CAT, T-AOC, the content of NO in serum, and the expression of Nrf2 in vascular tissue were significantly decreased in high temperature treadmill group (P<0.05). Compared with the high temperature treadmill group, the systolic BP and diastolic BP values at 7, 14, 21 and 28 d, the content of serum MDA and LF in vascular tissue were significantly decreased, the activities of CAT and T-AOC, and the expression of Nrf2 in vascular tissue significantly increased (P<0.05), the histopathological changes of the artery wall improved in high temperature treadmill supplementation with vitamin C group. Conclusion: Heat exposure has effect on oxidative stress, which may be related to the increase of BP. Vitamin C as an anti-oxidative enhancer can prevent those negative effects, which could alleviate the pathological changes of vessel intima in heat-exposed rats. And the Nrf2 may be a regulated factor to vascular protection.

Venous thromboembolism in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in China: a report from the Chinese Children's Cancer Group-ALL-2015 / 医学前沿

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a complication in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The Chinese Children's Cancer Group-ALL-2015 protocol was carried out in China, and epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and risk factors associated with VTE were analyzed. We collected data on VTE in a multi-institutional clinical study of 7640 patients with ALL diagnosed in 20 hospitals from January 2015 to December 2019. First, VTE occurred in 159 (2.08%) patients, including 90 (56.6%) during induction therapy and 108 (67.92%) in the upper extremities. T-ALL had a 1.74-fold increased risk of VTE (95% CI 1.08-2.8, P = 0.022). Septicemia, as an adverse event of ALL treatment, can significantly promote the occurrence of VTE (P < 0.001). Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) accounted for 75.47% (n = 120); and, symptomatic VTE, 58.49% (n = 93), which was more common in patients aged 12-18 years (P = 0.023), non-CRT patients (P < 0.001), or patients with cerebral thrombosis (P < 0.001). Of the patients with VTE treated with anticoagulation therapy (n = 147), 4.08% (n = 6) had bleeding. The VTE recurrence rate was 5.03% (n = 8). Patients with VTE treated by non-ultrasound-guided venous cannulation (P = 0.02), with residual thrombus (P = 0.006), or with short anticoagulation period (P = 0.026) had high recurrence rates. Thus, preventing repeated venous puncture and appropriately prolonged anticoagulation time can reduce the risk of VTE recurrence.

Association between semen collection time and semen parameters: an observational study / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The process of semen collection plays a key role in the quality of semen specimens. However, the association between semen collection time and semen quality is still unclear. In this study, ejaculates by masturbation from 746 subfertile men or healthy men who underwent semen analysis were examined. The median (interquartile range) semen collection time for all participants was 7.0 (5.0-11.0) min, and the median time taken for semen collection was lower in healthy men than that in subfertile men (6.0 min vs 7.0 min). An increase in the time required to produce semen samples was associated with poorer semen quality. Among those undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART), the miscarriage rate was positively correlated with the semen collection time. After adjusting for confounders, the highest quartile (Q4) of collection time was negatively associated with semen volume and sperm concentration. A longer time to produce semen samples (Q3 and Q4) was negatively correlated with progressive and total sperm motility. In addition, there was a significant negative linear association between the semen collection time and the sperm morphology. Higher risks of asthenozoospermia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-3.25, P = 0.002) and teratozoospermia (adjusted OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.10-3.55, P = 0.02) were observed in Q3 than those in Q1. Our results indicate that a higher risk of abnormal semen parameter values was associated with an increase in time for semen collection, which may be related to male fertility through its association with semen quality.

School lunch leftovers of primary and middle school students and its influencing factors in Ningbo / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the situation and associated factors of school lunch leftovers of primary and middle school students in Ningbo, so as to provide a basis for formulating policies to improve the quality of nutritious meals and reduce the leftover meal rates.@*Methods@#During March to May of 2022, 20 primary and middle schools were selected from 10 districts in Ningbo, and 4 443 students were selected from grade 4 to 6 of primary school and grade 1 to 3 of middle school. A questionnaire was conducted among them for the students general situation and remaining meal situation.@*Results@#The total leftover rate was 62.4%, 7.9% of the students left rice every day, and 18.3% of the students left vegetables every day. The frequency of primary school students leftover food was lower than that of junior high school students ( χ 2=-2.18, P <0.05). Most of the students (68.3%) had only a little leftover food, half of the students (49.4%) had less than half leftovers, and the proportion of primary school students with large leftover food and leftovers was smaller than that of junior high school students ( χ 2=-2.05, -2.36, P <0.05). The main reason for students leftover food was "too much to eat" (accounting for 30.6%), and there was a statistical difference between primary school students and junior high school students in the composition of leftover food and leftovers ( χ 2=16.94, 14.28, P <0.05). The leftover rate of vegetables was the highest (54.5%) and the leftover rate of milk was the lowest (2.5%). Multivariate Logistic regression model showed that nutrition and food related courses during recent year, being aware the Chinese residents dietary guidelines, statisfaction with canteen food (general, more satisfied, very satisfied), reckoning school canteen food better than home food (almost, better than home) were less possibility to have leftover meals ( OR=0.79, 0.73, 0.57, 0.41, 0.26, 0.69, 0.82, P <0.05). Students chosed the meal after the teacher served the meal, the teacher divided meals and students who ate more frequently (4-6 times/week, 1 time/d, 2 times/d, ≥3 times/d) were more likely to have leftover meals ( OR=1.64, 2.23, 1.27, 1.21, 1.52, 1.44 , P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#More than half of the students have leftovers. It should optimize the configuration of nutrition lunch, strengthen the education of nutrition knowledge and reduce the leftovers rate.

Quercetin Attenuates Atherosclerosis via Modulating Apelin Signaling Pathway Based on Plasma Metabolomics / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To interpret the pharmacology of quercetin in treatment of atherosclerosis (AS).@*METHODS@#Fourteen apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were divided into 2 groups by a random number table: an AS model (ApoE-/-) group and a quercetin treatment group (7 in each). Seven age-matched C57 mice were used as controls (n=7). Quercetin [20 mg/(kg·d)] was administered to the quercetin group intragastrically for 8 weeks for pharmacodynamic evaluation. Besides morphological observation, the distribution of CD11b, F4/80, sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and P21 was assayed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to evaluate macrophage infiltration and tissue senescence. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MSC/MS) was performed to study the pharmacology of quercetin against AS. Then, simultaneous administration of an apelin receptor antagonist (ML221) with quercetin was conducted to verify the possible targets of quercetin. Key proteins in apelin signaling pathway, such as angiotensin domain type 1 receptor-associated proteins (APJ), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1R), were assayed by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Quercetin administration decreased lipid deposition in arterial lumen and improved the morphology of ApoE-/- aortas in vivo. Quercetin decreased the densities of CD11b, F4/80 and P21 in the aorta and increased the level of serum apelin and the densities of APJ and Sirt1 in the aorta in ApoE-/- mice (all P<0.05). Plasma metabolite profiling identified 118 differential metabolites and showed that quercetin affected mainly glycerophospholipids and fatty acyls. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the apelin signaling pathway was one of the main pathways. Quercetin treatment increased the protein expressions of APJ, AMPK, PGC-1α, TPA and UCP1, while decreased the AT1R level (all P<0.05). After the apelin pathway was blocked by ML221, the effect of quercetin was abated significantly, confirming that quercetin attenuated AS by modulating the apelin signaling pathway (all P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Quercetin alleviated AS lesions by up-regulation the apelin signaling pathway.

Paranasal augmentation using autologous costal cartilage as an adjunct to rhinoplasty / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To investigate the postoperative effect of paranasal concavity augment by block united with diced autologous costal cartilage.Methods:The data of 76 patients who were underwent costal cartilage rhinoplasty together with paranasal augmentation from January 2016 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The surgical technique was described in detail. Medical charts and operative records were reviewed to summary the complications. Patients′subjective satisfaction of the postoperative nasal appearance was self-evaluated with grading (1 worse, 2 no change, 3 improved, and 4 much improved). Cosmetic effects were evaluated by the measurements of the nasolabial angle and the distance between ACJ and intertragic notch preoperatively and postoperatively.Results:The postoperative follow-up duration was 6 to 34 months. Overall, functional and aesthetic outcome was satisfactory in most patients, and the mean score by the patients′self-evaluation was 3.4±0.5. Graft exposure, mobility, or significant resorption, pneumothorax or significant donor-site pain were not observed. The average nasolabial angle was changed from (78.2±13.2)° preoperatively to (89.8±10.2)° 6 months postoperative at the last follow-up ( t=152.00, P<0.01). And the distance from the alar-cheek junction to the left tragus was increased by 3.8±2.1 (2.2-6.1) mm. Conclusions:Costal cartilage rhinoplasty combined with augmentation of parasal area can improve parasal depression, with stable postoperative effect and fewer postoperative complications, and has a good effect for patients with normal occlusal relationship or mild abnormality.

A novel defined risk signature of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes for predicting the prognosis and immune infiltration status of ovarian cancer / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as an emerging hallmark feature of cancer, has a considerable impact on cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance. Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality across the world due to the late stage of disease at diagnosis. Studies have explored the influence of ER stress on OvCa in recent years, while the predictive role of ER stress-related genes in OvCa prognosis remains unexplored. Here, we enrolled 552 cases of ER stress-related genes involved in OvCa from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts for the screening of prognosis-related genes. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied to establish an ER stress-related risk signature based on the TCGA cohort. A seven-gene signature revealed a favorable predictive efficacy for the TCGA, International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), and another GEO cohort (P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.04, respectively). Moreover, functional annotation indicated that this signature was enriched in cellular response and senescence, cytokines interaction, as well as multiple immune-associated terms. The immune infiltration profiles further delineated an immunologic unresponsive status in the high-risk group. In conclusion, ER stress-related genes are vital factors predicting the prognosis of OvCa, and possess great application potential in the clinic.