RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of norovirus in Guangzhou from 2009 to 2011.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 183 water samples, 1162 seafood samples and 1066 diarrhea stool specimens were collected from January 2010 to May 2011, June 2009 to June 2011 and July 2009 to December 2010 respectively in Guangzhou. Norovirus was detected by real time reverse transcript-PCR (qRT-PCR). The partial polymerase gene was amplified from norovirus positive samples, then sequenced and compared with the sequences of norovirus in GenBank. The phylogenetic tree was created.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate was 19.67% (36/183), 8.26% (96/1162) and 37.05% (395/1066) in water samples, seafood and diarrhea patients respectively. Noroviruses from positive samples could be divided into 10 representative strains, in which 7 representative strains of genotype of 208 samples was type G2-4. The sequences from water, seafood and stool specimens were highly homologous with the similarity of 94% - 100%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In Guangzhou, the predominant Norovirus genotype was G2-4 and the positive rate of samples was high.</p>
Assuntos
Humanos , Sequência de Bases , Infecções por Caliciviridae , Epidemiologia , Virologia , China , Epidemiologia , Diarreia , Virologia , Genótipo , Epidemiologia Molecular , Norovirus , Classificação , Genética , Filogenia , RNA Viral , Genética , Alimentos Marinhos , Virologia , Microbiologia da ÁguaRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the source of infection, route of transmission and risk factors related to a cluster of acute gastroenteritis cases in a university of Guangzhou.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cases were identified according to the definition. Descriptive epidemiological approaches and case-control study designs were employed in the analysis. All the samples were tested for norovirus by RT-PCR. Positive samples were subjected to both nucleotide sequence and homology analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 141 cases related to norovirus gastroenteritis were identified in January 8 to 21, 2013, with the attack rate as 8.5 per thousand (141/16,600). The peak in morbidity was seen on January 8 to 9. No clustering was found in different classes or dormitories. Results from the case-control study revealed that early cases were infected in Restaurant A (OR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.07-11.16) and the cold shredded chicken set meal (OR = 17.82, 95% CI: 4.46-78.17) served at lunch (OR = 4.34, 95% CI: 1.18 -17.37) on January 7 was under suspicion. A total of 266 samples, including rectal swabs from the patients and kitchen wokers, leftover food and environmental swabs, were collected. Twenty-one samples (collected from 17 persons) were positive for norovirus by RT-PCR. About 29.6% (8/27) of the kitchen workers in the Restaurant A were tested positive for the virus. The pathogen was identified as the new norovirus genotype II.4 variant, termed Sydney 2012. The virus strains isolated from the patients among student and staff and the kitchen workers were 100% identical in their nucleotide sequence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This was the first reported acute gastroenteritis outbreak caused by the new norovirus genotype II.4 variant, Sydney 2012, which showed that the food was contaminated by the asymptomatic kitchen workers who carried the virus.</p>
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por Caliciviridae , Epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , China , Epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos , Epidemiologia , Virologia , Gastroenterite , Epidemiologia , Virologia , NorovirusRESUMO
Objective To map the deletion breakpoint of chromosome 9p21 in breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Methods The deletion of chromosome 9p21 was checked by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) in MCF-7. Subsequently, the deletion breakpoint was amplified by long range PCR and the deletion region was narrowed by primer walking. Finally, the deletion position was confirmed by sequencing. Results The deletion was found starting within the MTAP gene and ending within CDKN2A gene by MLPA. Based on long range PCR and primer walking, the deletion was confirmed to cover the region from chr9:21819532 to chr9:21989622 by sequencing, with a deletion size of 170kb, starting within the intron 4 of MTAP and ending within the intron 1 near exon 1β of CDKN2A. Conclusions Long range PCR is an efficient way to detect deletion breakpoints. In MCF-7, the deletion has been confirmed to be 170kb, starting within the MTAP gene and ending within the CDKN2A gene. The significance of the deletion warrants further research.
RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relation of the detection rates of the novel influenza virus A/H1N1 RNA in clinically confirmed patients in the 2009 pandemic with the age distribution of the patients and the disease course.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 151 clinical patients with H1N1 infection were enrolled in this study, from whom 833 dynamic throat swab samples were obtained for detecting the H1N1 RNA using real-time PCR. A statistical analysis of the age distribution was performed among the patients with different disease courses. Chi-square for trend test was used to study the correlation between the detection rates of H1N1 RNA and the time of disease onset.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The majority of patients were young with their ages ranging from 10 to 20 years (57.26%) and 20 to 30 years (22.18%). Chi-square for trend test revealed that the positivity rates of the throat swabs in the patients decreased with the prolongation of the disease course (chi(2)=9.784, P=0.002).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Most of the H1N1 patients are young within the age range of 10-30 years, and the longest disease course can exceed 10 days. The positivity rates of throat swabs from the H1N1 patients decreases with the prolongation of the disease course.</p>
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Fatores Etários , China , Epidemiologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Genética , Influenza Humana , Epidemiologia , Virologia , Faringe , Virologia , RNA Viral , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
To investigate epidemiologic feature and genetic variance of Sapovirus among children in China, fecal specimens were collected from children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea from Feb 2006 to Jan 2007 in nine provinces including Anhui, Fujian et al. A total of 1,110 fecal samples were detected for Sapovirus by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR). Ten samples (0.9%) were positive for Sapovirus. The PCR products were then sequenced and analysed by phylogenetic tree. The results indicated that the detected Sapovirus strains were classified into two genogroups and three genotypes, including G I/1, G I/3, G II/3.
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Astroviridae , Epidemiologia , Genética , Sequência de Bases , Infecções por Caliciviridae , Epidemiologia , China , Epidemiologia , Diarreia , Classificação , Virologia , Fezes , Virologia , Gastroenterite , Epidemiologia , Virologia , Variação Genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Sapovirus , Classificação , GenéticaRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To timely summarize past experience and to provide more pertinent reference for control and prevention in A/H1N1 cases in influenza season.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>During May 25 to 31, 2009, 2 secondary community cases caused by a influenza A/H1N1 imported case. In the close contacts of 3 A/H1N1 cases, 14 had some aspirator symptoms onset, such as fever (> or = 37.5 degrees C), cough, sore throat and etc. Laboratory tests excluded the infection of A/H1N1 influenza. For throat swab test for the 14 cases, 7 were tested for seasonal influenza virus. A face-to-face or telephone interview was conducted by CDC staff to collect information of 62 close contacts.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 14 fever cases, there was no significant by differences by age[15-age group: 19.2% (5/26), over 25-age group: 25.0% (9/36); chi(2) = 0.287, P = 0.592]; by sex group [24.0% (6/25) for male and 21.6% (8/37) for female; chi(2) = 0.048, P = 0.826], by working units [dressing and design, photograph, saleroom and others, consumer group: 42.1% (8/19), 27.3% (3/11), 12.5% (2/16) and 6.3% (1/16); chi(2) = 7.653, P = 0.054], by dormitory style [dormitory style = 33.3% (4/12), non-dormitory style = 29.4% (10/34); chi(2) = 0.699, P = 0.403]. All the cases had fever (37.5 - 37.9 degrees C), no case had diarrhea. One in 3 A/H1N1 cases had diarrhea. All the 14 cases were negative result for A/H1N1 RNA. Six from 7 cases were positive for seasonal influenza test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This was a seasonal influenza outbreak happened in the close contacts of first confirmed A/H1N1 cases in community in mainland China. It showed that we should exclude the seasonal influenza in the investigation of A/H1N1 cases in the seasonal influenza period in some time. It is necessary to take effective measure to strengthen the control and prevention of seasonal influenza.</p>
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , China , Epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Influenza Humana , EpidemiologiaRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze epidemiological characters of an outbreak of rotavirus diarrhea in Daxing County, Guangxi Province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rotavirus-positive specimens were identified by ELISA kit. G/P typing assays were confirmed with multiplex seminested RT-PCR. Full-length VP7 genes of 4 positive specimens were amplified and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>30 cases of Rotavirus-positive were identified from 64 specimens. The attack rate was 46.9%, and G/P typing was G1P[8]. A change of VP7 amino acid residue is at positions 68.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>G1P[8] rotavirus is the etiologic agents of this diarrhea outbreak. In addition, adults were included in this outbreak.</p>
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Antígenos Virais , Genética , Proteínas do Capsídeo , Genética , China , Epidemiologia , Diarreia , Epidemiologia , Virologia , Surtos de Doenças , Fezes , Virologia , Genótipo , Filogenia , Rotavirus , Classificação , Genética , Infecções por Rotavirus , Epidemiologia , VirologiaRESUMO
Human calicivirus (HuCV) has been well known as an important pathogen of outbreak and sporadic acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. To investigate epidemiological feature and genetic diversity of HuCV among children in China, fecal specimens were collected from children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea at 13 hospitals in different provinces across China. The study was performed year-round from January 1999 to June 2005. Fecal specimens were tested for bacteria and rotavirus first and the negative specimens then were tested for HuCV using ELISA and RT-PCR. PCR amplicons were cloned and sequenced for strain characterization. A total of 4426 rotavirus- negative fecal samples were screened. From these, 840 (19%) were positive for HuCV by either or both ELISA (14%) and RT-PCR (9.6%). HuCV infection occurred year-round with an epidemic in each winter (October-January) and mainly in children at 6 -- 17 months of age. Of 151 HuCV strains characterized, 146 belong to norovirus (NV, 96.7%) and 5 were sapoviruses (SV). Among norovirus strains, genotype GG II/4 was most common (99/146), followed by GG II/3 (22/146), GG II/5 (8/146), and 2 strains of each of GG II/6, GG II/7, GG II/8, and GG I/2, the other 9 strains of NV GG II were unique, potentially belonging to new genotypes. These results plus the epidemiology data suggested that HuCVs are an important cause of severe diarrhea in Chinese children that were under reported due to a lack of a simple diagnostic assay. The finding of the potential new genotypes indicates that the current assays need to be improved for broader detection and besides, a continual surveillance for better understanding the epidemiology the disease burden and the searching for new strains of HuCVs is necessary.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Distribuição por Idade , Caliciviridae , Classificação , Genética , Infecções por Caliciviridae , Epidemiologia , Patologia , Virologia , China , Epidemiologia , RNA Polimerases Dirigidas por DNA , Genética , Metabolismo , Diarreia , Epidemiologia , Virologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fezes , Virologia , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Estações do Ano , Proteínas Virais , Genética , MetabolismoRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To survey an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in Lulong County and analyze the cause of the disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Epidemiological methods were applied to investigate an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred in June 2000 in Lulong County. Stool specimens were collected from diarrhea patients and were tested for human calicivirus by ELISA and RT-PCR. The products of RT-PCR were cloned and sequenced, then phylogenetic analysis was carried out.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In total, 736 farmers were surveyed, among them 134 had acute gastroenteritis, the attack rate was 18.20%, and one elderly patient died. The age of patients was from 1 to 77 years and the incidence of the disease among young people was higher with a peak in June 25 through 30. Six stool specimens were tested for caliciviruses by ELISA and 3 were positives, one of them was confirmed by RT-PCR and belonged to norovirus genotype GI/2. No other pathogens were detected.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Human calicivirus was confirmed to be the cause of the outbreak of acute gastroenteritis.</p>
Assuntos
Humanos , Doença Aguda , Caliciviridae , Genética , Infecções por Caliciviridae , Epidemiologia , China , Epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fezes , Virologia , Gastroenterite , Epidemiologia , Virologia , RNA Viral , Genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study molecular epidemiology of four major etiological viruses among children with acute diarrhea in Lanzhou, Gansu province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stool specimens were collected from all 400 inpatients less than 5 years old with acute diarrhea admitted in Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital, Lanzhou University from Jul. 2004 through Jun. 2005. Dako IDEIA kits were used for detection of rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus. Calicivirus detection was done by both reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) and ELISA. Further strain characterization of rotavirus and astrovirus was carried out with RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 400 stool samples were collected and tested. Rotavirus was present in 47.3% of the cases: calicivirus in 15.5%, astrovirus in 9.5% and adenoviruses in 7.5%. Mixed infections with multiple enteric viruses were present in 13.5% of all samples. Among 189 rotavirus positive samples, serotype G2 (34.4%) was the predominant strain followed by G3 (32.8%), G1 (1.1%) and mixed-G infection (5.8%). 25.9% of strains remained to be non-typeable. P genotyping showed P [4] (45%) was most common followed by P [8] (22.1%), and non-typeable (32.9%). Strain P [4] G2 (43.6%) was the most common combination followed by P [8] G3 (25.6%), P [4] G3 (13.8%), and P [8] G2, P [4] G1 and P [8] G1. Among 38 astrovirus strains, serotypes 1 (57.8%) was the predominant. Serotype 3 and 8 were found only in one case respectively, 14 strains remained to be non-typeable. A peak admission of rotavirus diarrhea was observed from October through December. More than 95.0% of viral diarrhea patients under hospitalization occurred among children younger than 2 years. The incidence rates of rotavirus were highest in infants aged 6 - 23 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rotavirus was the most important pathogen for viral diarrhea among children hospitalized in Lanzhou followed by calicivirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus. The predominant rotavirus strain circulated was P [4] G2, which was different from the finding in the previous years. The high rate of mixed infection with different viral agents was notable.</p>
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Doença Aguda , Adenoviridae , Classificação , Genética , Caliciviridae , Classificação , Genética , China , Epidemiologia , Diarreia , Virologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fezes , Virologia , Mamastrovirus , Classificação , Genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Rotavirus , Classificação , Genética , Sorotipagem , Viroses , Epidemiologia , GenéticaRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristics of human caliciviruses (HuCV) diarrhea among infants and young children with acute diarrhea in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China by using molecular epidemiologic techniques.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stool specimens were collected from both outpatients and inpatients with acute diarrhea in Lanzhou. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was used to detect rotavirus antigen (RVA). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were used to detect HuCV in stool specimens of RV ELISA (-).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the stool specimens collected from 515 cases in Lanzhou from December 2001 to June 2004, 264 were RVA ELISA (+) and 251 were RVA ELISA (-). Among all cases who were RVA ELISA (-), 25 (9.96%) were found positive for HuCV. HuCV was detected in 12 of 133 cases (9.02%) from December 2001 to November 2002, no genotyping was performed for these cases. From July 2003 to June 2004 13 of 118 cases (11.02%) were found positive for HuCV, of whom 11 cases had Norwalk-like virus GII (NLV GII) infection and 2 cases had Sapporo-like virus infection (one case had combined infection with astrovirus) and no NLV GI was found. HuCV infection mainly occurred in children under 2 years of age and no seasonal cluster was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HuCV is one of the major etiological agents of viral diarrhea among infants and young children in Lanzhou. NLV GII maybe the predominant genotype.</p>
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Caliciviridae , Genética , Infecções por Caliciviridae , Epidemiologia , China , Epidemiologia , Diarreia , Epidemiologia , Virologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fezes , Virologia , Genótipo , Epidemiologia Molecular , RNA Viral , Genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the epidemiological status on rotavirus diarrhea in Kunming to improve the rotavirus vaccine immunization program.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A hospital-based sentinel surveillance program for rotavirus was set up among children less than 5 years old with acute diarrhea in Kunming Children's Hospital. Clinical information and fecal specimens were collected and rotavirus were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and/or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Positive specimens were further serotyped or genotyped by ELISA and/or RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the three years of surveillance, 466 specimens were collected. Rotavirus were detected on 246 (52.8%) specimens. 97% of the rotavirus diarrhea cases occurred among children less than 2 years old. There was a peak of admissions for rotavirus diarrhea cases between October and December which accounted for 48% of all the rotavirus hospitalizations each year. Among 204 specimens with G serotyping, the predominant strain was serotype G1 (47.5%) followed by G2 (17.6%), G3 (15.7%), G9 (4.9%) and G4 (1.0%). Mixed infection (2.5%) were rare and 22 specimens (10.8%) remained non-typeable. P genotyping showed P[4], P[8] and P[6] were the most common strains, accounting for 29.3%, 27.6% and 13.8% respectively. P[4]G2 was the most common strain which accounted for 34.1% (14/41) followed by P[8]G1 (29.3%) and P[6]G9 (12.2%). Another 7 uncommon P-G combinations were also identified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rotavirus was the major cause of acute diarrhea in Kunming. An effective rotavirus vaccine for prevention and control of rotavirus diarrhea should be developed.</p>
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , China , Epidemiologia , Diarreia , Virologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Genótipo , Hospitais Pediátricos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Rotavirus , Classificação , Genética , Infecções por Rotavirus , Epidemiologia , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , SorotipagemRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify enterovirus 71 (EV71) strains isolated from patients with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Guangdong and Fujian provinces from 2000 to 2001 by using phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 25 samples were first tested for enteric viruses by RT-PCR using enterovirus specific primers EV-1 and EV-2, and then were identified for EV71 by RT-PCR using EV71 specific primers 159S and 162A. The amplicons of 485bp segment (part of the VP1 gene) were cloned into pGEM-T and sequenced. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparison of the sequences with other 12 EV71 strains isolated from China, Japan, Hungary, and the United States including the prototype BrCr.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of EV71 was about 20%. The sequence analysis showed that the new isolate (GZH2000) shared 94%-96% nucleotide identity with three strains isolated in 1998 and 2000, and 91% with a strain isolated in 1987 from Chinese mainland, but shared only 82%-84% homology with EV71 isolates studied abroad.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EV71 is one of the important pathogens of HFMD in south China. The strains isolated from mainland were closely related with most isolates from Taiwan, but different from most EV71 strains reported abroad. The symptoms of EV71 infection in mainland were not as intensive as those described in Taiwan's outbreak.</p>
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , China , Enterovirus , Genética , Doença de Mão, Pé e Boca , Virologia , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido NucleicoRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the epidemiological characteristus of human caliciviruses (HuCVs) among children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea and to estimate the disease burden in Lulong county.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HuCVs were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Some PCR amplicons were cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic tree was constructed for strain characterization. The rate of HuCVs-attributed hospitalization was estimated according to the positive rate of HuCVs detection in fecal specimens collected from hospitalized diarrhea patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Between July 1999 and June 2001, 708 fecal specimens were collected, of which 393 rotavirus-negative and 5 rotavirus-positive specimens were detected for HuCVs. Thirty-one point six percentage of fecal specimens from patients with diarrhea was HuCVs positive. Among inpatients, HuCVs positive rate was 17.5%. HuCVs detection was mainly distributed in 3 - 17 mouth-old children, in winter. All 11 strains belonged to NLV GII in which 6 strains GII-3, 2 strains GII-4 and 3 strains GII-7, and they shared 55.1% - 100% nucleotide identity. NLV GII-4 and GII-7 were identified in 2000, while NLV GII-3 and GII-7 in 2001. The preliminary estimate of HuCVs-attributed hospitalization rate was 3.6 per thousand.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Human caliciviruses with different genotypes circulated among children in Lulong county with GII NLVs were the prevalent strains. The disease burden of HuCVs was second to rotavirus.</p>
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Doença Aguda , Fatores Etários , Caliciviridae , Genética , Alergia e Imunologia , Infecções por Caliciviridae , Epidemiologia , China , Epidemiologia , Disenteria , Epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Pacientes Internados , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Estações do AnoRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide information on epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Beijing, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An ongoing hospital-based surveillance was conducted among children < 5yr old with acute diarrhea according to WHO generic protocol (CID-98). During a 3-year study (Apr. 1998 to Mar. 2001), a total of 484 stool samples were collected from 1 457 patients, including 275 samples from 1 048 outpatients and 209 samples from 409 inpatients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall detection rate of rotavirus infection was 25.4%. Rotavirus was responsible for 27.3% of diarrhea inpatients on a yearly base, and 46.2% during rotavirus season. Two peaks of diarrhea were observed each year, one in the summer (June-Sep.) due to bacterial dysentery (16.7%) and another in fall winter (Oct.-Dec.) due to rotavirus infection (23.0%). The detection rate on rotavirus was the highest in age group of 6 - 11 months (38.2%), followed by 1 - 2 years old (28.5%). Ninety six point eight percentage of children were infected under 3 years of age. The number of deaths, possibly caused by rotavirus diarrhea were accounted for 40% of all diarrhea deaths and 11.1% of the total deaths. Serotyping of 123 rotavirus isolates showed that serotype G1 (55.3%) was predominant, followed by G2 (26.8%), G3 (9.8%), G4 (0.8%), and 10 isolates (8.1%) remained non-typeable. Mixed infections (0.8%) seemed to be rare.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rotavirus diarrhea was an important infectious disease among children in Beijing. Safe and effective rotavirus vaccines for the prevention of severe diarrheas and the reduction of treatment costs are of significant importance to China.</p>
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Fatores Etários , China , Epidemiologia , Disenteria , Epidemiologia , Hospitais , Vigilância da População , Rotavirus , Classificação , Infecções por Rotavirus , Epidemiologia , SorotipagemRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish baseline patterns of rotavirus diarrhea and to describe its epidemiologic features in Changchun city, prior to rotavirus vaccine immunization.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hospital-based surveillance was conducted among children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea in Changchun Children's Hospital. Fecal samples were determined to identify rotavirus by PAGE and/or ELISA. G serotypes of rotavirus were identified by ELISA and/or nested RT-PCR. P genotyping were carried out by RT-PCR. All data were computerized and analysed by "Generic Manual on Rotavirus Surveillance" set by CDC in the USA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In total, 2 343 diarrhea cases were screened and 1 211 fecal samples were collected. Rotavirus was detected in 31.0% among outpatients and 52.9% in inpatients. During the peak of the season (November through March), 58.6% of diarrhea was caused by rotavirus among inpatients. 95.0% of rotavirus diarrhea cases occurred among children aged < 2 years. The predominant strain was serotype G1 (82.4%), followed by G2 (5.0%), G3 (3.3%), G4 (0.9%). P genotyping showed that P[8] and P[4] were the most common ones. Nine different P-G combinations were identified, four strains (P[8]G1, P[4]G2, P[8]G3, and P[8]G4) commonly seen worldwide accounted for 75.6% of the total. Taken together with uncommon strains, including the novel types P[4]G4 and P[8]G2, it highlights the extraordinary diversity of rotaviruses circulating in China.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rotavirus is the major cause of severe child diarrhea in Changchun. Developing a rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe disease and reduction of treatment costs seemed to be necessary.</p>
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , China , Epidemiologia , Diarreia , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fezes , Virologia , Genótipo , Hospitais Pediátricos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Rotavirus , Classificação , Genética , Infecções por Rotavirus , Epidemiologia , Virologia , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , SorotipagemRESUMO
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To survey a diarrhea outbreak in Guangan city and analyze the cause of the disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The population enrolled in the surveillance came from four different settings and was randomly sampled. Stool specimens collected from diarrhea patients were tested ordinarily for enteric bacteria and further examined for viral pathogens with PAGE, ELISA and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In total, 4,567 persons were surveyed, among them 942 had acute diarrhea (prevalence 20.63%). The incidence was higher in rural area (28.6%) than in urban area (19.6%) (chi-square =22.29, P less than 0.005) with a peak in May 10 through 25 four human caliciviruses were detected from stool specimens by ELISA and RT-PCR in specimens from 4 and 1 patients, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Human calicivirus probably was the cause of this diarrhea outbreak in Guangan city.</p>