RESUMO
The COVID-19 pandemic vaccination infrastructure was redeployed to address the Mpox epidemic. The Westchester County Department of Health coordinated an effective vaccine distribution, tracking, and data collection process with community partners with real-time feedback of operational challenges and updated public health directives. Westchester County, which comprises 9% of the New York State population, administered 24% (6770 doses) of JYNNEOS (smallpox and monkeypox vaccine) across the state. Among first-dose recipients, 13% were Black and 25% were Hispanic, approaching countywide US Census race and ethnicity breakdowns. The operational template designed during COVID-19 can be readily redeployed for subsequent epidemics of even seemingly dissimilar infections like Mpox.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Mpox , Humanos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , New York/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controleRESUMO
In response to a rapid rise in mortality within assisted living, facility-wide resident testing found 42% of 182 residents had SARS-CoV-2 infection; 68% of which were asymptomatic for 14 days before and after testing. Resident testing was a critical infection control measure needed to control transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Infecções Assintomáticas , Humanos , Controle de InfecçõesRESUMO
The utility of in vitro human disease models is mainly dependent on the availability and functional maturity of tissue-specific cell types. We have previously screened for and identified small molecules that can enhance hepatocyte function in vitro. Here, we characterize the functional effects of one of the hits, FH1, on primary human hepatocytes in vitro, and also in vivo on primary hepatocytes in a zebrafish model. Furthermore, we conducted an analogue screen to establish the structure-activity relationship of FH1. We performed affinity-purification proteomics that identified NQO2 to be a potential binding target for this small molecule, revealing a possible link between inflammatory signaling and hepatocellular function in zebrafish and human hepatocyte model systems.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Quinona Redutases/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Humanos , Interleucina-6/genética , Fígado , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Ligação Proteica , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/genética , Transdução de Sinais , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/genética , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Measles was eliminated in the United States through high vaccination coverage and a public health system able to rapidly respond to measles. Measles may occur among vaccinated individuals, but secondary transmission from such individuals has not been documented. METHODS: Suspected patients and contacts exposed during a measles outbreak in New York City in 2011 were investigated. Medical histories and immunization records were obtained. Cases were confirmed by detection of measles-specific immunoglobulin M and/or RNA. Tests for measles immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG avidity, measurement of measles neutralizing antibody titers, and genotyping were performed to characterize the cases. RESULTS: The index patient had 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine; of 88 contacts, 4 secondary patients were confirmed who had either 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine or a past positive measles IgG antibody. All patients had laboratory confirmation of measles infection, clinical symptoms consistent with measles, and high-avidity IgG antibody characteristic of a secondary immune response. Neutralizing antibody titers of secondary patients reached >80 000 mIU/mL 3-4 days after rash onset and that of the index was <500 mIU/mL 9 days after rash onset. No additional cases of measles occurred among 231 contacts of secondary patients. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of measles transmission from a twice-vaccinated individual with documented secondary vaccine failure. The clinical presentation and laboratory data of the index patient were typical of measles in a naive individual. Secondary patients had robust anamnestic antibody responses. No tertiary cases occurred despite numerous contacts. This outbreak underscores the need for thorough epidemiologic and laboratory investigation of suspected cases of measles regardless of vaccination status.
Assuntos
Sarampo/transmissão , Vacinação , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Afinidade de Anticorpos , Surtos de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Sarampo/imunologia , Vacina contra Sarampo/administração & dosagem , Vacina contra Sarampo/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cidade de Nova IorqueRESUMO
In 2003, infection with low pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N2) virus was identified in an immunocompromised man with fever and community-acquired pneumonia in New York, USA. The patient recovered. Although the source of the virus was not identified, this case indicates the usefulness of virus culture for detecting novel influenza A viruses.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H7N2/imunologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Animais , Galinhas , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/complicações , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H7N2/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H7N2/patogenicidade , Influenza Aviária/transmissão , Influenza Aviária/virologia , Influenza Humana/diagnóstico , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , New York , Pneumonia/complicações , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/transmissão , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologia , Cultura de VírusAssuntos
Endometrite/diagnóstico , Tuberculose dos Genitais Femininos/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Antituberculosos/administração & dosagem , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Quimioterapia Combinada , Endometrite/tratamento farmacológico , Endometrite/microbiologia , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Dor no Flanco/etiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Transtornos Puerperais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Puerperais/microbiologia , Tuberculoma/diagnóstico , Tuberculoma/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculoma/microbiologia , Tuberculose/congênito , Tuberculose dos Genitais Femininos/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose dos Genitais Femininos/epidemiologia , Tuberculose dos Genitais Femininos/etnologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite a decreasing incidence of listeriosis in the United States, molecular subtyping has increased the number of recognized outbreaks. In September 2000, the New York City Department of Health identified a cluster of infections caused by Listeria monocytogenes isolates with identical molecular subtypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and ribotyping. METHODS: To determine the magnitude of the outbreak and identify risk factors for infection, we notified state health departments and conducted a case-control study. A case was defined as a patient or mother-infant pair infected with Listeria monocytogenes whose isolate yielded the outbreak PFGE pattern. Controls were patients infected with Listeria monocytogenes whose isolate yielded a different PFGE pattern. Patients were asked about food and drink consumed during the 30 days before the onset of illness. RESULTS: Between May and December 2000, there were 30 clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes with identical PFGE patterns identified in 11 US states. Cases of infection caused by these isolates were associated with 4 deaths and 3 miscarriages. A case-control study implicated sliced processed turkey from a delicatessen (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio, 8.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-43.3). A traceback investigation identified a single processing plant as the likely source of the outbreak, and the company voluntarily recalled 16 million pounds of processed meat. The same plant had been identified in a Listeria contamination event that had occurred more than a decade previously. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention of persistent L. monocytogenes contamination in food processing plants presents a critical challenge to food safety professionals.