Worm-Inspired, Untethered, Soft Crawling Robots for Pipe Inspections.

The increasing demand for inspection, upkeep, and repair of pipeline and tunnel infrastructures has catalyzed research into the creation of robots with superior flexibility, adaptability, and load-bearing capacities. This study introduces an autonomous soft robot designed for navigating both straight and curved pipelines of 90 mm diameter. The soft robot is enabled by an elongation pneumatic actuator (EPA) as its body and multiple radial expansion pneumatic actuators (REPAs) as its feet to provide adhesion and support on the pipe walls. It achieves a horizontal movement speed of 1.27 mm/s and ascends vertically at 0.39 mm/s. An integrated control mechanism, merging both pneumatic and electrical systems is employed to facilitate unrestrained movement. A novel control tactic has been formulated to ensure synchronized coordination between the robot's body deformation and leg anchoring, ensuring stable movement. This soft robot demonstrates remarkable mobility metrics, boasting an anchoring strength of over 100 N, a propelling force of 43.8 N when moving vertically, and a pulling strength of 31.4 N during navigation in curved pipelines. It can carry a camera to capture the internal view of the pipe and remove obstacles autonomously. The unconstrained and autonomous movement of the untethered soft robot presents new opportunities for various applications at different scales.

Genetically encoded Nδ-vinyl histidine for the evolution of enzyme catalytic center.

Genetic code expansion has emerged as a powerful tool for precisely introducing unnatural chemical structures into proteins to improve their catalytic functions. Given the high catalytic propensity of histidine in the enzyme pocket, increasing the chemical diversity of catalytic histidine could result in new characteristics of biocatalysts. Herein, we report the genetically encoded Nδ-Vinyl Histidine (δVin-H) and achieve the wild-type-like incorporation efficiency by the evolution of pyrrolysyl tRNA synthetase. As histidine usually acts as the nucleophile or the metal ligand in the catalytic center, we replace these two types of catalytic histidine to δVin-H to improve the performance of the histidine-involved catalytic center. Additionally, we further demonstrate the improvements of the hydrolysis activity of a previously reported organocatalytic esterase (the OE1.3 variant) in the acidic condition and myoglobin (Mb) catalyzed carbene transfer reactions under the aerobic condition. As histidine is one of the most frequently used residues in the enzyme catalytic center, the derivatization of the catalytic histidine by δVin-H holds a great potential to promote the performance of biocatalysts.

A Monte Carlo simulation-based health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils of the tropical region in southern China.

The disturbance of ecological stability may take place in tropical regions due to the elevated biomass density resulting from heavy metal and other contaminant pollution. In this study, 62 valid soil samples were collected from Sanya. Source analysis of heavy metals in the area was carried out using absolute principal component-multiple linear regression receptor modelling (APCS-MLR); the comprehensive ecological risk of the study area was assessed based on pollution sources; the Monte-Carlo model was used to accurately predict the health risk of pollution sources in the study area. The results showed that: The average contents of soil heavy metals Cu, Ni and Cd in Sanya were 5.53, 6.56 and 11.66 times higher than the background values of heavy metals. The results of soil geo-accumulation index (Igeo) showed that Cr, Mo, Mn and Zn were unpolluted to moderately polluted, Cu and Ni were moderately polluted, and Cd was moderately polluted to strongly polluted. The main sources of heavy metal pollution were natural sources (57.99%), agricultural sources (38.44%) and traffic sources (3.57%). Natural and agricultural sources were jointly identified as priority control pollution sources and Cd was the priority control pollution element for soil ecological risk. Heavy metal content in Sanya did not pose a non-carcinogenic risk to the population, but there was a carcinogenic risk to children. The element Zn had a high carcinogenic risk to children, and was a priority controlling pollutant element for the risk of human health, with agricultural sources as the priority controlling pollutant source.

The Impact of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) on Tumor-Specific Immune Responses of Prostate Cancer.

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), also referred to as focused ultrasound surgery (FUS), has garnered recent attention as a non-invasive therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer. It utilizes focused acoustic energy to achieve localized thermal ablation, while also potentially exerting immunomodulatory effects. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying how HIFU influences tumor-specific immune responses in prostate cancer. These mechanisms include the release of tumor-associated antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns, the activation of innate immune cells, the facilitation of antigen presentation to adaptive immune cells, the enhancement of activation and proliferation of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and the attenuation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by reducing the activity of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Both preclinical investigations and emerging clinical data in prostate cancer models highlight HIFU's potential to modulate the immune system, as evidenced by increased infiltration of effector immune cells, elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and improved responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors. HIFU induces immunogenic cell death, leading to the release of tumor antigens and danger signals that activate dendritic cells and facilitate cross-presentation to cytotoxic T cells. Additionally, FUS ablation reduces immunosuppressive cells and increases infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor, reshaping the tumor microenvironment. By priming the immune system while overcoming immunosuppression, combining FUS with other immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors and cancer vaccines holds promise for synergistic anti-tumor effects. Despite challenges in optimizing parameters and identifying suitable patients, FUS represents a novel frontier by modulating the tumor microenvironment and enhancing anti-tumor immunity through a non-invasive approach.

In-Doped ZnO Electron Transport Layer for High-Efficiency Ultrathin Flexible Organic Solar Cells.

Sol-gel processed zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most widely used electron transport layers (ETLs) in inverted organic solar cells (OSCs). The high annealing temperature (≈200 °C) required for sintering to ensure a high electron mobility however results in severe damage to flexible substrates. Thus, flexible organic solar cells based on sol-gel processed ZnO exhibit significantly lower efficiency than rigid devices. In this paper, an indium-doping approach is developed to improve the optoelectronic properties of ZnO layers and reduce the required annealing temperature. Inverted OSCs based on In-doped ZnO (IZO) exhibit a higher efficiency than those based on ZnO for a range of different active layer systems. For the PM6:L8-BO system, the efficiency increases from 17.0% for the pristine ZnO-based device to 17.8% for the IZO-based device. The IZO-based device with an active layer of PM6:L8-BO:BTP-eC9 exhibits an even higher efficiency of up to 18.1%. In addition, a 1.2-micrometer-thick inverted ultrathin flexible organic solar cell is fabricated based on the IZO ETL that achieves an efficiency of 17.0% with a power-per-weight ratio of 40.4 W g-1, which is one of the highest efficiency for ultrathin (less than 10 micrometers) flexible organic solar cells.

Superhydrophobic/ superoleophilic polystyrene-based porous material with superelasticity for highly efficient and continuous oil/water separation in harsh environments.

Three-dimensional separation materials with robust physical/chemical stability have great demand for effective and continuous separation of immiscible oil/water mixtures and water-in-oil emulsions, resulting from chemical leakages and discharge of industrial oily wastewaters. Herein, a superelastic polystyrene-based porous material with superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity was designed and prepared by high internal phase emulsion polymerization to meet the aforementioned requirements. A flexible and hydrophobic aminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (NH2-PDMS-NH2) segment was introduced into the rigid styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer through 1, 4-conjugate addition reaction with trimethylolpropane triacrylate. The addition of NH2-PDMS-NH2 simultaneously improved the mechanical and hydrophobic properties of the porous material (the water contact angle from 141.2° to 152.2°). The material exhibited outstanding reversible compressibility (80% strain, even in liquid N2 environments) and superhydrophobic stability, even after being repeatedly compressed 100 times, water contact angle still remained above 150°. Meanwhile, the as-prepared material had outstanding hydrophobic stability in corrosive solutions (strong acidic, alkaline, high-salty, and even strong polar solvent), presence of mechanical interference, strong UV radiations, and high/low temperature environments. More importantly, the material could continuously and efficiently separate immiscible oil/water mixture and water-in-oil emulsions under the above conditions, showing huge potential for the large-scale remediation of complex oily wastewaters.

A Comparison of Quality of Life, Cosmesis and Cost-Utility of Open Surgery, Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy and High Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Breast Fibroadenoma.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the quality of life (QOL), cosmesis and cost-utility of open surgery (OS), vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for fibroadenoma (FA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 162 patients with 267 FAs were enrolled. Baseline characteristics and treatment information were recorded. Patients were followed up at 3-, 6- and 12-month post-treatment. QOL was evaluated by health survey. Breast cosmesis was evaluated by self-rating survey and Harvard Scale. A decision-analytic model was established and incremental cost was calculated for cost-utility analysis. RESULTS: For QOL evaluation, there was no difference of physical component summary (PCS) score in three groups (P > 0.05), while the mental component summary (MCS) score was significantly higher in HIFU group than the other two groups at 3- and 6-month post-treatment (P < 0.05). The proportion of patients satisfied with breast cosmesis was significantly higher in HIFU group (96.49%) than in VABB group (54.90%) and OS group (49.99%) (P < 0.05). By Harvard Scale, 27.78%, 78.42% and 100.00% of patients were rated as excellent and good in OS group, VABB group and HIFU group, respectively (P < 0.05). To acquire a quality-adjusted life year (QALY), cost of OS, VABB and HIFU was 1034.31 USD, 1776.96 USD and 1277.67 USD, respectively. When compared to OS, incremental cost analysis showed HIFU was cost-effective, while VABB was not. CONCLUSION: OS, VABB and HIFU were all effective and safe for FA, but among these three treatments, HIFU had the best QOL improvement, breast cosmesis and cost-effectiveness.

Nomogram incorporating Epstein-Barr virus DNA and a novel immune-nutritional marker for survival prediction in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Since Immune response, nutritional status and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) DNA status have been confirmed to be relevant to the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we believe that the combination of these factors is of great value for improving the predictive ability. LA (lymphocytes × albumin), a novel indicator, had not been studied yet in NPC. We combined it with EBV DNA and used nomograms to increase the accuracy of prognosis. METHODS: A total of 688 NPC patients were retrospectively reviewed and further divided into training and validation cohort randomly. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to to distinguish the different survival outcomes. Multivariate Cox analyses were used to identify the independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Calibration curves, concordance indexes (C-indexes) and decision curve analyses (DCA) were used to evaluate the nomograms' predictive value. RESULTS: Patients with low LA and positive EBV DNA correlated with poorer 5-year PFS and OS (all P < 0.005). In multivariate Cox analyses, LA and EBV DNA were both confirmed to be independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS (all P < 0.05). Prognostic nomograms incorporating LA and EBV DNA achieved ideal C-indexes of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.65-0.73) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.71-0.82) in the prediction of PFS and OS. Otherwise, the calibration curves and DCA curves also revealed that our nomograms had pleasant predictive power. CONCLUSIONS: LA is a novel and powerful biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes in NPC. Our nomograms based on LA and EBV DNA can predict individual prognosis more accurately and effectively.

Increased intrinsic membrane excitability is associated with hypertrophic olivary degeneration in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1.

One of the characteristic areas of brainstem degeneration across multiple spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) is the inferior olive (IO), a medullary nucleus that plays a key role in motor learning. In addition to its vulnerability in SCAs, the IO is also susceptible to a distinct pathology known as hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD). Clinically, HOD has been exclusively observed after lesions in the brainstem disrupt inhibitory afferents to the IO. Here, for the first time, we describe HOD in another context: spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). Using the genetically-precise SCA1 knock-in mouse model (SCA1-KI; both sexes used), we assessed SCA1-associated changes in IO neuron structure and function. Concurrent with degeneration, we found that SCA1-KI IO neurons are hypertrophic, exhibiting early dendrite lengthening and later somatic expansion. Unlike in previous descriptions of HOD, we observed no clear loss of IO inhibitory innervation; nevertheless, patch-clamp recordings from brainstem slices reveal that SCA1-KI IO neurons are hyperexcitable. Rather than synaptic disinhibition, we identify increases in intrinsic membrane excitability as the more likely mechanism underlying this novel SCA1 phenotype. Specifically, transcriptome analysis indicates that SCA1-KI IO hyperexcitability is associated with a reduced medullary expression of ion channels responsible for spike afterhyperpolarization (AHP) in IO neurons - a result that has a functional consequence, as SCA1-KI IO neuron spikes exhibit a diminished AHP. These results reveal membrane excitability as a potential link between disparate causes of IO degeneration, suggesting that HOD can result from any cause, intrinsic or extrinsic, that increases excitability of the IO neuron membrane.

An in vitro and in vivo study on extracorporeal transducer optimization for high-intensity focused ultrasound to improve the safety and efficacy of breast tumor ablation.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the characteristics of a new extracorporeal high intensity focused ultrasound transducer, titled Haifu system JCQ-B, and to compare its safety and efficacy for breast ablation with the standard Haifu system JC transducer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ox liver with pig skin and pork ribs were prepared in a semi-sphere shape, served as in vitro acoustic model. The udders of female goats were used as in vivo acoustic model. Both in vitro and in vivo models were ablated by either JCQ-B or JC transducer. The morphology of biological focal region (BFR), the coagulative necrosis volume, and the temperature increase were observed and compared. RESULTS: The BFR morphology of JCQ-B transducer was circular both in vitro and in vivo, with a length-width ratio close to one. Under the same sonication parameters (sonication power, time and depth in tissue), coagulation necrosis volume caused by JCQ-B transducer was larger than that caused by JC transducer both in vitro and in vivo. The increase in temperature in the near and far acoustic pathways with JCQ-B transducer was significantly lower than that of JC transducer in vitro. After receiving high sonication energy during in vivo experimentation, there were no complications observed after the ablation of JCQ-B transducer, while small skin damage was observed after the ablation of JC transducer. CONCLUSIONS: The JCQ-B transducer improved the safety and efficacy of treatment by optimizing BFR morphology and ablation efficiency, which could be applied in the treatment of breast tumor.

Optical Control of Protein Functions via Genetically Encoded Photocaged Aspartic Acids.

Site-specific protein decaging by light has become an effective approach for in situ manipulation of protein activities in a gain-of-function fashion. Although successful decaging of amino acid side chains of Lys, Tyr, Cys, and Glu has been demonstrated, this strategy has not been extended to aspartic acid (Asp), an essential amino acid residue with a range of protein functions and protein-protein interactions. We herein reported a genetically encoded photocaged Asp and applied it to the photocontrolled manipulation of a panel of proteins including firefly luciferase, kinases (e.g., BRAF), and GTPase (e.g., KRAS) as well as mimicking the in situ phosphorylation event on kinases. As a new member of the increasingly expanded amino acid-decaging toolbox, photocaged Asp may find broad applications for gain-of-function study of diverse proteins as well as biological processes in living cells.

Targeting Ion Channels and Purkinje Neuron Intrinsic Membrane Excitability as a Therapeutic Strategy for Cerebellar Ataxia.

In degenerative neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, a convergence of widely varying insults results in a loss of dopaminergic neurons and, thus, the motor symptoms of the disease. Dopamine replacement therapy with agents such as levodopa is a mainstay of therapy. Cerebellar ataxias, a heterogeneous group of currently untreatable conditions, have not been identified to have a shared physiology that is a target of therapy. In this review, we propose that perturbations in cerebellar Purkinje neuron intrinsic membrane excitability, a result of ion channel dysregulation, is a common pathophysiologic mechanism that drives motor impairment and vulnerability to degeneration in cerebellar ataxias of widely differing genetic etiologies. We further propose that treatments aimed at restoring Purkinje neuron intrinsic membrane excitability have the potential to be a shared therapy in cerebellar ataxia akin to levodopa for Parkinson's disease.

A comprehensive diagnostic scheme of morphological combined molecular methylation under bronchoscopy.

Methylated SHOX2 and RASSF1A genes are potential biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis. Therefore, we explored the role of methylation detection combined with morphological bronchoscopic evaluation for lung cancer diagnosis. Bronchoscopy, methylation outcome, and pathological data were collected from 585 patients with lung cancer and 101 controls. The methylation status of the SHOX2 and RASSF1A genes were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification. Further, the sensitivity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the three methods were analyzed. Among 686 patients, 57.1% had new lesions detected through bronchoscopy and 93.1% of these patients were diagnosed with malignant tumors. Besides, 42.9% of patients had no visible changes under bronchoscopy but there were still 74.8% of them diagnosed with malignant tumors. Bronchoscopy revealed that lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer mainly occurred in the upper and middle lobes. The sensitivity and specificity of methylation detection were 72.8% and 87.1% (vs. cytology 10.4% & 100%), respectively. Therefore, methylated SHOX2 and RASSF1A genes may be promising tumor markers in lung cancer diagnosis. Methylation detection can be an excellent supplementary tool for cytological diagnosis and, combined with bronchoscopy, could form a more effective diagnostic process.

Focused ultrasound ablation surgery for multiple breast fibroadenomas: pathological and follow-up results.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the histopathological findings and follow-up outcome of focused ultrasound ablation surgery (FUAS) treatment of multiple fibroadenomas (FA). METHODS: A total of 20 patients with 101 multiple FAs were enrolled. After one session FUAS ablation, 21 lesions (≥15.0 mm) were surgically removed within one week for histopathological analysis, including 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, H&E staining, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) -flavretin enzyme staining, Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The remaining 80 lesions were followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. RESULTS: All ablation procedures were performed successfully. Pathologic findings showed that irreversible damage of FA was confirmed. TTC, H&E and NADH staining and TEM/SEM demonstrated tumor cell death and tumor structural destruction at the gross, cellular, and subcellular levels, respectively. The median shrinkage rate at 12 months post-FUAS was 66.4 (43.6, 89.5) %. CONCLUSION: Histopathological analysis for FAs after FUAS treatment proved that FUAS could effectively induce irreversible coagulative necrosis of FA, and the tumor volume would gradually shrink in follow-up. FUAS was safe and effective to treat multiple FAs with good cosmesis.Key pointsThis study was the first study of detailed histopathological analysis for FAs after FUAS treatment.FUAS can effectively induce irreversible coagulative necrosis of fibroadenoma cells.FUAS ablation of multiple fibroadenomas is safe and effective.

Neuronal activity regulates Matrin 3 abundance and function in a calcium-dependent manner through calpain-mediated cleavage and calmodulin binding.

RNA-binding protein (RBP) dysfunction is a fundamental hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and related neuromuscular disorders. Abnormal neuronal excitability is also a conserved feature in ALS patients and disease models, yet little is known about how activity-dependent processes regulate RBP levels and functions. Mutations in the gene encoding the RBP Matrin 3 (MATR3) cause familial disease, and MATR3 pathology has also been observed in sporadic ALS, suggesting a key role for MATR3 in disease pathogenesis. Here, we show that glutamatergic activity drives MATR3 degradation through an NMDA receptor-, Ca2+-, and calpain-dependent mechanism. The most common pathogenic MATR3 mutation renders it resistant to calpain degradation, suggesting a link between activity-dependent MATR3 regulation and disease. We also demonstrate that Ca2+ regulates MATR3 through a nondegradative process involving the binding of Ca2+/calmodulin to MATR3 and inhibition of its RNA-binding ability. These findings indicate that neuronal activity impacts both the abundance and function of MATR3, underscoring the effect of activity on RBPs and providing a foundation for further study of Ca2+-coupled regulation of RBPs implicated in ALS and related neurological diseases.

Ectopic scrotum and penoscrotal transposition: Case report and literature review.

Background: Ectopic scrotum (ES) is an extremely rare congenital scrotal malformation. Ectopic scrotum with VATER/VACTERL [vertebral defects (V), anal atresia or anorectal malformations (A), cardiac defects (C), tracheoesophageal fistula with or without esophageal atresia (TE), cardiac defects, renal malformations (R), and limb defects (L)] association is even rarer. There are no uniform guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Clinical case: We described a 2-year-5-month-old boy who has ectopic scrotum and penoscrotal transposition and reviewed relevant literature in this report. We performed laparoscopy exploration, rotation flap scrotoplasty, and orchiopexy and achieved a great result during the postoperative follow-up. Conclusions: Combined with the previous literature, we made a summary to come up with a plan for the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic scrotum. Rotation flap scrotoplasty and orchiopexy are worthy of considering operative methods in treating ES. For penoscrotal transposition or VATER/VACTERL association, we can treat the diseases individually.

High precision tracking analysis of cell position and motion fields using 3D U-net network models.

Cells are the basic units of biological organization, and the quantitative analysis of cellular states is an important topic in medicine and is valuable in revealing the complex mechanisms of microscopic world organisms. In order to better understand cell cycle changes as well as drug actions, we need to track cell migration and division. In this paper, we propose a novel engineering model for tracking cells using cell position and motion fields (CPMF). The training sample does not need to be manually annotated, and we modify and edit it against the ground truth using auxiliary tools. The core idea of the project is to combine detection and correlation, and the cell sequence samples are trained by a U-Net network model composed of 3D CNNs, which can track the migration, division, and entry and exit of cells in the field of view with high accuracy in all directions. The average detection accuracy of the cell coordinates is 98.38% and the average tracking accuracy is 98.70%.

Systemic immune-inflammation index during treatment predicts prognosis and guides clinical treatment in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has been demonstrated to be closely associated with the poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the role of SII during treatment of NPC has not been reported. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of SII during treatment for NPC patients. METHODS: A total of 759 patients diagnosed with NPC were included in this retrospective study (393 in training cohort and 366 in validation cohort). The correlation between variables was analyzed by the chi-squared test, the Fisher's exact test or the likelihood test. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to analyze progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The independent prognostic factors were determined by multivariate analysis of Cox proportional hazards regression model. The uncontrolled risk was analyzed by Logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess prognostic value. RESULTS: The optimal cut-off point for the SII during treatment was 937.32. High SII during treatment group had higher uncontrolled risk than low SII during treatment group (p = 0.008). In multivariate Cox proportional hazard models analysis, SII during treatment was an independent prognostic factor for 5-year PFS (p < 0.001) and 5-year OS (p < 0.001). All results were found in the training cohort and confirmed in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The SII during treatment is a promising indicator of predicting the survival in NPC patients, especially the risk of uncontrolled occurrence. By monitoring the SII during treatment, it is possible to better evaluate the treatment effect and formulate personalized treatment.

A novel genome sequence of Jasminum sambac helps uncover the molecular mechanism underlying the accumulation of jasmonates.

Jasminum sambac is a well-known plant for its attractive and exceptional fragrance, the flowers of which are used to produce scented tea. Jasmonate (JA), an important plant hormone was first identified in Jasminum species. Jasmine plants contain abundant JA naturally, of which the molecular mechanisms of synthesis and accumulation are not clearly understood. Here, we report a telomere-to-telomere consensus assembly of a double-petal J. sambac genome along with two haplotype-resolved genomes. We found that gain-and-loss, positive selection, and allelic specific expression of aromatic volatile-related genes contributed to the stronger flower fragrance in double-petal J. sambac compared with single- and multi-petal jasmines. Through comprehensive comparative genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses of double-petal J. sambac, we revealed the genetic basis of the production of aromatic volatiles and salicylic acid (SA), and the accumulation of JA under non-stress conditions. We identified several key genes associated with JA biosynthesis, and their non-stress related activities lead to extraordinarily high concentrations of JA in tissues. High JA synthesis coupled with low degradation in J. sambac results in accumulation of high JA under typical environmental conditions, similar to the accumulation mechanism of SA. This study offers important insights into the biology of J. sambac, and provides valuable genomic resources for further utilization of natural products.

A consensus on the management of allergy in kindergartens and primary schools / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Allergic diseases can occur in all systems of the body, covering the whole life cycle, from children to adults and to old age, can be lifelong onset and even fatal in severe cases. Children account for the largest proportion of the victims of allergic disease, Children s allergies start from scratch, ranging from mild to severe, from less to more, from single to multiple systems and systemic performance, so the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children is of great importance, which can not only prevent high risk allergic conditions from developing into allergic diseases, but also further block the process of allergy. At present, there is no consensus on the management system of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools. The "Consensus on Allergy Management and Prevention in Kindergartens and Primary Schools", which includes the organizational structure, system construction and management of allergic children, provides evidence informed recommendations for the long term comprehensive management of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools, and provides a basis for the establishment of the prevention system for allergic children.