RESUMO
In this paper, the effect of a buffer layer created using different hydrogen-containing ratios of reactive gas on the electrical properties of a top-gate In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistor was thoroughly investigated. The interface roughness between the buffer layer and active layer was characterized using atomic force microscopy and X-ray reflection. The results obtained using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that the hydrogen content of the buffer layer increases with the increase in the hydrogen content of the reaction gas. With the increase in the hydrogen-containing materials in the reactive gas, field effect mobility and negative bias illumination stress stability improve nearly twofold. The reasons for these results are explained using technical computer-aided design simulations.
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Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of selectively vulnerable populations of neurons, and many factors are involved in its causes. Neurotoxicity and oxidative stress, are the main related factors. The octapeptide Ile-Ile-Ala-Val-Glu-Ala-Gly-Cys (IEC) was identified from the microalgae Isochrysis zhanjiangensis and exhibited potential anti-oxidative stress activity. In this study, the stability of α-synaptic protein binding to IEC was modeled using molecular dynamics, and the results indicated binding stabilization within 60â ns. Oxidative stress in neurons is the major cause of α-synaptic protein congestion. Therefore, we next evaluated the protective effects of IEC against oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in 6-ohdainduced Parkinson's disease (PD) model SH-SY5Y cells inâ vitro. In oxidative stress, IEC appeared to increase the expression of the antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and GPX through the antioxidant pathway of Nrf2, and molecular docking of IEC with Nrf2 and GPX could generate hydrogen bonds. Regarding apoptosis, IEC protected cells by increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, inhibiting the caspase cascade, acting on p53, and modulating the Jak2/Stat3 pathway. The results indicated that IEC exerted neuroprotective effects through the inhibition of α-synaptic protein aggregation and antioxidant activity. Therefore, microalgal peptides have promising applications in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Assuntos
Janus Quinase 2 , Microalgas , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2 , Estresse Oxidativo , Oxidopamina , Fator de Transcrição STAT3 , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Humanos , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/antagonistas & inibidores , Janus Quinase 2/metabolismo , Janus Quinase 2/antagonistas & inibidores , Microalgas/química , Microalgas/metabolismo , Oxidopamina/farmacologia , Oxidopamina/antagonistas & inibidores , Heme Oxigenase-1/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/isolamento & purificação , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Oligopeptídeos/química , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Thin film transistors (TFTs) as the core devices for displays, are widely used in various fields including ultra-high-resolution displays, flexible displays, wearable electronic skins and memory devices, especially in terms of sensors. TFTs have now started to move towards miniaturization. Similarly to MOSFETs problem, traditional planar structure TFTs have difficulty in reducing the channel's length sub-1µm under the existing photolithography technology. Vertical channel thin film transistors (V-TFTs) are proposed. It is an effective solution to overcome the miniaturization limit of traditional planar TFTs. So, we summarize the different aspects of VTFTs. Firstly, this paper introduces the structure types, key parameters, and the impact of different preparation methods in devices of V-TFTs. Secondly, an overview of the research progress of V-TFTs' active layer materials in recent years, the characteristics of V-TFTs and their application in examples has proved the enormous application potential of V-TFT in sensing. Finally, in addition to the advantages of V-TFTs, the current technical challenge and their potential solutions are put forward, and the future development trend of this new structure of V-TFTs is proposed.
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In this paper, a facile modifying technique of source/drain regions conductivity was proposed for self-aligned top-gate In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) by controlling the process parameter of the passivation layer at relatively low temperatures. The sheet resistance of the source and drain regions of IGZO was approximately 365 Ω/â¡, and there was no significant change within a month. The device parameters of mobility, threshold voltage, subthreshold swing, and current switching ratio of the fabricated device were 15.15 cm2V-1s-1, 0.09 V, 0.15 V/dec, and higher than 109, respectively. The threshold voltage drift under negative bias illumination stress was -0.34 V. In addition, a lower channel width-normalized contact resistance of 9.86 Ω·cm was obtained.
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Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women and poses a serious threat to their health. Compound Kushen injection (CKI) has shown therapeutic effects on a variety of cancers, including BC, and it can significantly improve the lives of patients. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear and needs to be fully elucidated. Methods: The active constituents of CKI were identified through a literature review, and the anti-BC targets of CKI were determined using multiple databases and a ChIP data analysis. Subsequently, the target was analyzed on the DAVID database through GO and KEGG to identify the key pathway that CKI affects to exhibit anti-BC activity. In addition, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with CKI for 24 and 48 hours at five concentrations, and the effects of CKI on cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using MTT and annexin V/propidium iodide staining assays, respectively. The genes and protein identified to be involved in this pathway were verified using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot(WB) in BC cells. Results: Twelve CKI anti-BC targets were obtained by a comprehensive analysis of the targets collected in the databases and results from the ChIP analysis. Bioinformatics analysis was performed for 12 targets. KEGG analysis showed that the 12 targets were mainly related to the VEGF, ErbB, and TNF signaling pathways. We focused our study on the VEGF signaling pathway as the p-value for the VEGF signaling pathway was the lowest among the three pathways. In vitro experiments showed that CKI significantly inhibited the proliferation of BC cells and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, qPCR and WB experiments showed that the expression of VEGF signaling pathway genes PIK3CA and NOS3 were significantly increased meanwhile SRC was significantly decreased after CKI intervention. Conclusion: CKI significantly inhibited the proliferation of BC cells and induced apoptosis. The main mechanism for the anti-BC effect of CKI may be that it regulates the VEGF signaling pathway by increasing the expression of PIK3CA, SRC, and NOS3. Macrozamin and lamprolobine may be the main active components of CKI against BC.
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BACKGROUND: Evidence supporting corticosteroids adjunctive treatment (CAT) for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV patients is highly controversial. We aimed to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis of available data relating to the effect of CAT on mortality of PCP in non-HIV patients. METHODS: We searched Pubmed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane database from 1989 through 2019. Data on clinical outcomes from non-HIV PCP were extracted with a standardized instrument. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 index. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a fixed effects model. We analyzed the impact of CAT on mortality of non-HIV PCP in the whole PCP population, those who had hypoxemia (PaO2 < 70 mmHg) and who had respiratory failure (PaO2 < 60 mmHg). RESULTS: In total, 259 articles were identified, and 2518 cases from 16 retrospective observational studies were included. In all non-HIV PCP cases included, there was an association between CAT and increased mortality (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.75; P = 0.01). CAT showed a probable benefit of decreasing mortality in hypoxemic non-HIV PCP patients (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval 0.47-1.01; P = 0.05). Furthermore, in a subgroup analysis, CAT showed a significantly lower mortality in non-HIV PCP patients with respiratory failure compared to no CAT (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval 0.41-0.95; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggests that among non-HIV PCP patients with respiratory failure, CAT use may be associated with better clinical outcomes, and it may be associated with increased mortality in unselected non-HIV PCP population. Clinical trials are needed to compare CAT vs no-CAT in non-HIV PCP patients with respiratory failure. Furthermore, CAT use should be withheld in non-HIV PCP patients without hypoxemia.
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Four new cyclohexylideneacetonitrile derivatives 1-4, named menisdaurins B-E, as well as three known cyclohexylideneacetonitrile derivatives--menisdaurin (5), coclauril (6), and menisdaurilide (7)--were isolated from the hypocotyl of a mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza). The structures of the isolates were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-7 showed anti-Hepatitis B virus (HBV) activities, with EC50 values ranging from 5.1 ± 0.2 µg/mL to 87.7 ± 5.8 µg/mL.
Assuntos
Acetonitrilas/química , Rhizophoraceae/química , Acetonitrilas/isolamento & purificação , Acetonitrilas/farmacologia , Benzofuranos/química , Benzofuranos/isolamento & purificação , Benzofuranos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Glicosídeos/química , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Hipocótilo/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Áreas AlagadasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Jinhuang Fuzheng powder on cytokines of immunosuppressive mice by using protein antibody micro-array. METHOD: The immunosuppressive mice model was established by subcutaneously injecting cyclophosphamide. Rats were orally administered with low, middle and high dose of Huangjin Fuzheng powder for 10 days, and fasted for 12 hours after the final administration. 1 mL blood was drawn from caudal veins and isolated hearts of rats of each group. A quantitative test was conducted for cytokines with cytokine antibody array. RESULT: Compared with the control group, IFN-gamma and RANTES of the CTX group decreased significantly (P<0.05). After the administration, IFN-gamma of low, middle and high-dose groups, and RANTES of the high-dose group increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13 and MCP-1 of the CTX group increased remarkably (P<0.01, P<0.05). After the administration, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13 and MCP-1 of low, middle and high-dose groups decreased to varying degrees. GM-CSF, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, M-CSF, TNF-alpha, KC and VEGF of the 13 types of cytokines showed no significant change. CONCLUSION: Jinhuang Fuzheng powder shows effect on 20 types of cytokines of immunosuppressive mice to varying degrees, which may be related to the regulatory immunosuppression of Th1/Th2 subgroup in mice.
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Anticorpos/imunologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Citocinas/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido/genética , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido/imunologia , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Análise Serial de ProteínasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the metabolism of mangiferin by human intestinal bacteria in vitro. METHOD: Human intestinal bacteria and mangiferin were incubated under anaerobic conditions in vitro. The metabolite was separated and purified by D101 macroporous resin column and preparation high performance liquid chromatography, and its structure was identified by MS and NMR. RESULT: After 12 h incubation with human intestinal bacteria, the content of mangiferin metabolite reached the maximum, and it was determined as 1, 3, 6, 7-tetrahydroxyxanthen by MS and NMR. CONCLUSION: Mangiferin can be metabolized in vitro by human intestinal bacteria into its aglycone (1, 3, 6, 7-tetrahydroxyxanthen).
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Bactérias/metabolismo , Intestinos/microbiologia , Xantonas/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , HumanosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for elucidating " chromatography-efficacy" relation of the extract of Zanthoxylum nitidum on the gastric cancer cells. METHOD: After obtaining the tumor inhibition rate and fingerprint peak data through MTT and HPLC, "chromatography-efficacy" relation was established by an appropriate statistical method. RESULT: The gastric cancer "chromatography-efficacy" relation of Z. nitidum was established by step-back technique. CONCLUSION: The "chromatography-efficacy" relation has statistically significant and practical significance, so it has reference value in some way.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/análise , Zanthoxylum/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of the extracts of cactus pear fruit polysaccharide (CPFP) in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). METHODS: The diabetic rats were induced by STZ in SD rats, and randomly divided into model group, insulin group,cactus pear juice group, high dose CPFP group,low dose CPFP group. The experimental rats were administrated for 8 weeks. During the experiment, the contents of blood glucose and blood limit of the rats were detected and body weight were recorded. The pathology of beta cell and alpha cell in pancreas of experimental rats were observed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with model group, the contents of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride were remarkably decreased in high and low dose CPFP groups. At the same time the body weight was significantly increased in high dose and low dose CPFP groups. The results of immunohistochemical stain demonstrated that the number of islet beta cells was increased and that of islet alpha cells was unchanged in the treatment groups. CONCLUSION: CPFP can markedly decrease blood glucose and blood limit in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Its mechanism may be related to stimulating the secretion of insulin from beta cells.
Assuntos
Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Cactaceae/química , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Frutas/química , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Colesterol/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Insulina/biossíntese , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Polissacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Polissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Estreptozocina , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to determine the concentration of nitidine chloride in plasma and successfully applied to study pharmacokinetics after i.v. administration in rabbits. METHOD: Twelve rabbits, randomized into 2 groups , were given i.v. at the dose of 4, 6 mg x kg(-1) respectively. Chloramphenicol was used as an internal standard. Nitidine chloride was extracted from plasma with ion pair reagent, and was determined by HPLC. RESULT: The calibration curves of nitidine chloride was linear in the range of 0.03-2.04 mg x L(-1). Its recoveries were more than 95%, intra-day and inter-day precisions were lower than 6%. The concentration-time curve of nitidine chloride in rabbits after i.v. of 4 and 6 mg x kg(-1) were shown to fit a two-compartment model, the main pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant difference between the low and high dosage, and the AUC values are directly relative to doses. T1/2alpha were (5.46 +/- 0.89), (4.76 +/- 0.33) min respectively, T1/2beta were (263.33 +/- 16.4), (274.71 +/- 16.52) min respectively, AUC were (46.56 +/- 1.80), (69.19 +/- 2.30) microg x min(-1) x mL(-1) respectively. CONCLUSION: It is first time to establish the HPLC method to determine the concentration of nitidine chloride in rabbits plasma. The method is sensitive, accurate and reproducible. It is first time to study the pharmacokinetic characters of nitidine chloride in rabbits after i.v. administration, the elimination of nitidine chloride is linear pharmacokinetics.
Assuntos
Benzofenantridinas/farmacocinética , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacocinética , Animais , Benzofenantridinas/administração & dosagem , Benzofenantridinas/sangue , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Masculino , Coelhos , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
This article summarized the progresses of pharmacokinetic about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in recent 10 years. Reports indicated that the studies of pharmacokinetic about TCM were in the stage of exploratory. Many factors restricted the progresses of pharmacokinetic such as complexity of medicine components, multi-target of drug effect and imperfect of evaluation methods. With the developing of modern analytical techniques and indication of TCM theories, we believe that the pharmacokinetic study will be constantly updated and improved.