[An analysis of disease burden of occupational lung cancer in China from 1990 to 2019].

Objective: To analyze the trend of disease burden, including mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) , of occupational lung cancer in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods: In June 2022, the data of occupational lung cancer was obtained from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD) . Excel summarized the data, and the mortality rate, DALYs and age-normalized rate were analyzed. Applying Joinpoint Regression Program software annual Percentage Change (APC) and Average Annual Percentage Change Rate (AAPC) . Results: Age-standardized mortality rates ranged from 2.41 in 1990 to 3.14 per 100 000 in 2019, with gender differences and a positive correlation with age. DALYs increased from 580, 000 person-years in 1990 to 1 509 900 person-years in 2019. The rate of standardized DALYs increased from 63.03 per 100 000 in 1990 to 71.65 per 100 000 in 2019. According to the annual percentage change (APC) analysis by Joinpoint Regression Program software, the age-normalized mortality and DALY rates decreased from 2011 to 2016, and the increasing trend from 2016 to 2019 was significantly lower than that before 2011. And the increase at this stage was not statistically significant. The APCC values of mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, DALYs rate and changed DALYs rate were 3.28, 0.92, 2.64 and 0.44, respectively, and the trend differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: The disease burden of occupational lung cancer is increasing from 1990 to 2019. Lung cancer screening should be carried out among high-risk populations to achieve early diagnosis and treatment.

[Establishment of a topographic map assessment system for facial and cervical wounds and scars of burn patients based on the Delphi method].

Objective: To construct a targeted and accurate evaluation system for facial and cervical wounds and scars of burn patients. Methods: The method combining literature analysis and survey research was adopted, and the basic principles of item system construction were followed. From June to August 2020, based on the aesthetic standards of facial and cervical plastic surgery, the topographic map assessment system for facial and cervical wounds and scars of burn patients was preliminarily formed, focusing on the assessment of wounds and scars in the necks and faces of patients after burns. In September 2020, 38 experts in the relevant fields were consulted in advance and the questionnaire was revised according to the experts' opinions. From December 2020 to March 2021, the Delphi method was applied to conduct inquiry by correspondence with 35 experts in relevant fields from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing, and other cities, who met the inclusion criteria, and the items were screened and established. The effective recovery rate of inquiry questionnaire was calculated to determine the level of enthusiasm of experts, the average authority coefficient of all items was calculated to determine the level of expert authority, the average importance expert score, the average coefficient of variation, and the average full score rate of all the third-level items were calculated to determine the concentration of expert opinions, the average coefficients of variation and Kendall's harmony coefficients of the importance, sensitivity, and operability expert scores of all the third-level items were calculated to determine the degree of coordination of expert opinions. The Kendall's harmony coefficients for the importance, sensitivity, and operability expert scores of all the third-level items were statistically analyzed with chi-square test. Results: Among the 35 experts consulted by Delphi method, mainly were male, aged (48±10) years, with 8-38 years of working experience, mainly with associate senior titles and above, all with a bachelor's degree or above education background, and of whom 11 were burn experts, 7 were wound repair experts, 4 were plastic surgery experts, and 13 were rehabilitation medicine experts. Finally, a topographic map assessment system for facial and cervical wounds and scars of burn patients was formed, including 4 first-level items, 21 second-level items, 40 third-level items, and 1 mask. The effective recovery rate of inquiry questionnaire was 100% (35/35). The average authority coefficient of all items was 0.89. The average importance expert score was 4.67, the average coefficient of variation of importance expert score was 0.01, and the average full score rate of all the third-level items was 86.3%. The average coefficients of variation of the importance, sensitivity, and operability expert scores of all the third-level items were 0.01, 0.01, and 0.02, respectively. The Kendall's harmony coefficients for the importance, sensitivity, and operability expert scores of all the third-level items were statistically significant (with χ2 values of 1 201.53, 745.67, and 707.07, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions: The established topographic map assessment system for facial and cervical wounds and scars of burn patients has high scientificity and reliability, which can be used for the evaluation of facial and neck wounds or scars in burn patients.

Extending chemotherapy with capecitabine following CAPOX chemotherapy improves survival of Stage 3 gastric carcinoma after radical surgery: a 5-year analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of treatment consisting of extending chemotherapy (ECT) with capecitabine following capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPOX) chemotherapy for stage 3 gastric carcinoma (GC) after D2 gastrectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, we included 214 patients with stage 3 GC who underwent D2 gastrectomy between January 2012 and April 2014. The CAPOX regimen chemotherapy was administrated to all of the patients as adjuvant therapy. The CAPOX regimen consisted of capecitabine (1000 mg/m2, in 2 divided doses for 14 d) and oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2 given on Day 1), repeated every 21 d for 8 cycles. Following CAPOX chemotherapy, 102 of these patients received extending chemotherapy (the ECT group) with capecitabine, whereas 112 patients (the control group) received no ECT. The ECT consisted of capecitabine (1000 mg/m2, in 2 divided doses for 14 d), repeated every 21 d for 8 cycles at most. The chemotherapy was discontinued if unacceptable toxicity or disease progression occurred or upon the request of the patient. All cases were followed up, and overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and toxicities were compared. RESULTS: The ECT group exhibited a distinctly higher 5-year OS (p=0.0468) and RFS (p=0.0483) than those of the control group. The incidence of hand-foot syndrome was markedly greater in the ECT group (p=0.0043). No toxicity-related death occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Extending chemotherapy with capecitabine following the CAPOX regimen chemotherapy provides significant survival benefit for stage 3 GC after D2 gastrectomy.

Kondo physics in antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Mn3+x Sn1-x films.

Topology and strong electron correlations are crucial ingredients in emerging quantum materials, yet their intersection in experimental systems has been relatively limited to date. Strongly correlated Weyl semimetals, particularly when magnetism is incorporated, offer a unique and fertile platform to explore emergent phenomena in novel topological matter and topological spintronics. The antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Mn3Sn exhibits many exotic physical properties such as a large spontaneous Hall effect and has recently attracted intense interest. In this work, we report synthesis of epitaxial Mn3+x Sn1-x films with greatly extended compositional range in comparison with that of bulk samples. As Sn atoms are replaced by magnetic Mn atoms, the Kondo effect, which is a celebrated example of strong correlations, emerges, develops coherence, and induces a hybridization energy gap. The magnetic doping and gap opening lead to rich extraordinary properties, as exemplified by the prominent DC Hall effects and resonance-enhanced terahertz Faraday rotation.

[Uvuplopalatal flap in OSAHS patients with anteriorand posterior pharyngeal plane stenosis].

Objective: Observation of the effect of uvuplopalatal flap for OSAHS patients with anterior and posterior pharyngeal stenosis. Method: Fifty-six patients with OSAHS who were mainly anterior posterior stenosis in the velopharyngeal plane were selected. Patients with suspending uvuplopalatal flap were used as observation group (30 cases). Patients with UPPP were used as control group (26 cases). The investigation and comparison of AHI, SaO2, scars, throat foreign body sensation, pharynx desiccation, pharynx' s tightness, pharynx discomfort and surgical satisfaction were investigated at 6-8 months after the operation. Restul: At 6-8 months after operation, the AHI and SaO2 of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before operation(P<0.01). However, there were significant differences(P<0.01) among the indexes of scar formation, throat foreign body, sensation pharynx desiccation, pharynx' s tightness, pharynx discomfort and surgical satisfaction. Conclusion: In the OSAHS patients with anterior and posterior pharyngeal stenosis, the effect of UPF was better than that of UPPP among the indexes of scar formation, pharyngeal symptoms and surgical satisfaction.

Thin films of topological Kondo insulator candidate SmB6: Strong spin-orbit torque without exclusive surface conduction.

The advent of topological insulators (TIs), a novel class of materials that harbor a metallic spin-chiral surface state coexisting with band-insulating bulk, opens up new possibilities for spintronics. One promising route is current-induced switching of an adjacent magnetic layer via spin-orbit torque (SOT), arising from the large spin-orbit coupling intrinsically possessed by TIs. The Kondo insulator SmB6 has been recently proposed to be a strongly correlated TI, supported by the observation of a metallic surface state in bulk SmB6, as evidenced by the thickness independence of the low-temperature resistance plateau. We report the synthesis of epitaxial (001) SmB6/Si thin films and a systematic thickness-dependent electrical transport study. Although the low-temperature resistance plateau is observed for all films from 50 to 500 nm in thickness, the resistance is distinctively thickness-dependent and does not support the notion of surface conduction and interior insulation. On the other hand, we demonstrate that SmB6 can generate a large SOT to switch an adjacent ferromagnetic layer, even at room temperature. The effective SOT generated from SmB6 is comparable to that from ß-W, one of the strongest SOT materials.

[The relationship between oxygen saturation and related respiratory events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome].

Objective:To explore the relationship between variation of hemoglobin saturation and related respiratory events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Method:According to the SaO2, the respiratory events were divided into two groups, followed or not followed the second events (SRE and N-SRE). Four features were extracted from SaO2 and compared within groups under SRE versus N-SRE, and comparisons were also developed between moderate patients and severe patients.Result:ΔSaO2, max, the duration and Dvmax was significantly higher in SRE than N-SRE (P< 0.01), while Nadir was significantly lower in SRE than N-SRE (P< 0.01). There was also significant difference in the blood oxygen index between moderate and severe patients. The change of SaO2 is correlated with the ventilation restoration. The results also suggest that the severity of the patient's condition will affect the change of SaO2 related indicators. Conclusion:This study provides information on the further study of ventilation restoration. Moreover, this study may provide a possible solution for the treatment of OSAHS.

EDA mutation as a cause of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: a case report and review of the literature.

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) represents a collection of rare disorders that result from a failure of development of the tissues derived from the embryonic ectoderm. ED is often associated with hair, teeth, and skin abnormalities, which are serious conditions affecting the quality of life of the patient. To date, a large number of genes have been found to be associated with this syndrome. Here, we report a patient with hypohidrotic ED (HED) without family history. We identified that this patient's disorder arises from an X-linked HED with a mutation in the EDA gene (G299D) found by whole-exome sequencing. In addition, in this paper we summarize the disease-causing mutations based on current literature. Overall, recent clinical and genetic research involving patients with HED have uncovered a large number of pathogenic mutations in EDA, which might contribute to a full understanding of the function of EDA and the underlying mechanisms of HED caused by EDA mutations.

Extended Skyrmion phase in epitaxial FeGe(111) thin films.

The Skyrmion state in epitaxial B20 FeGe(111) thin films, determined by the topological Hall effect, is greatly extended in the phase diagram to cover all temperatures up to the Curie temperature T(C)≈271 K and over a wide magnetic field range that includes a zero magnetic field. The properties of the Skyrmion phase can be controlled and manipulated by the film thickness, which has a strong effect on the stabilization of Skyrmions.

Control of tetrahedral coordination and superconductivity in FeSe0.5Te0.5 thin films.

We demonstrate a close relationship between superconductivity and the dimensions of the Fe-Se(Te) tetrahedron in FeSe0.5Te0.5. This is done by exploiting thin film epitaxy, which provides controlled biaxial stress, both compressive and tensile, to distort the tetrahedron. The Se/Te height within the tetrahedron is found to be of crucial importance to superconductivity, in agreement with the scenario that (π, π) spin fluctuations promote superconductivity in Fe superconductors.

Competitive interaction between two functional S-haplotypes confer self-compatibility on tetraploid Chinese cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl. CV. Nanjing Chuisi).

Self-incompatibility (SI) has been studied extensively at the molecular level in Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae, all of which exhibit gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI). In the present study, four PpsS-haplotypes (Prunus pseudocerasus S-haplotypes) comprising at least two genes, i.e., PpsS-RNase (P. pseudocerasus S-RNase) and PpsSFB (P. pseudocerasus S-haplotype-specific F-box) have been successfully isolated in tetraploid P. pseudocerasus Lindl. CV. Nanjing Chuisi ("NC") which exhibited self-compatibility (SC), and its S-genotype was determined as S-1/S-3'/S-5/S-7. These PpsS-RNases, which were expressed exclusively in style, shared the typical structural features with S-RNases from other Prunus species exhibiting GSI. All PpsSFBs showed similar structure characteristics of SFBs from other Prunus species, and matched with the necessary conditions for pollen S-determinant. No mutations leading to dysfunction of S-haplotype were found in their full-length c-DNA sequences, except for PpsS-3'-haplotype which was not amplified by PCR. These four S-haplotypes complied with tetrasomic inheritance. Diploid pollen grains with S-genotypes S-7/S-1, S-7/S-5 and S-1/S-5 can grow the full length of the style after self-pollination, while pollen grains with S-3'/S-7, S-3'/S-1 and S-3'/S-5 cannot. These results suggest that PpsS-haplotypes-1, -5 and -7 are functional, and that competitive interaction between two of them confer self-compatibility on cultivar "NC". Furthermore, in terms of recognition specificity, diploid pollen grains carrying PpsS-3'-haplotype are equal to monoploid pollen grains carrying the other functional S-haplotype.

Two new iridoid glucosides from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora.

Two new iridoid glucosides with 3,4-dihydrocatalpol skeleton, piscrosides A (1) and B (2) together with nine known iridoid glucosides and three known cucurbitacin glucosides, were isolated from the stems of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora. Their structures were established by MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR methods (including HSQC, HMBC and NOESY experiments).

Enhanced magnetoresistance induced by spin transfer torque in granular films with a magnetic field.

Spin-transfer torques (STT) provide a mechanism to alter the magnetic configurations of magnetic heterostructures, a result previously only achieved by an external magnetic field. In granular solids, we demonstrate a new form of STT effect that can be exploited to induce a large spin disorder when combined with a large magnetic field. We have obtained a very large magnetoresistance effect in excess of 400% at 4.2 K in a large magnetic field, the largest ever reported in any metallic systems. The STT characteristics of granular solids differ significantly from those of multilayers, showing no STT effect at low magnetic fields but prominent STT effects at high fields.

Ileal digestibilities of neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, and amino acids associated with neutral detergent fiber in wheat shorts for growing pigs.

An experiment was carried out to determine the ileal digestibility values of NDF, CP, and AA associated with NDF in different samples of wheat shorts consisting of different proportions of wheat bran, shorts, and flour, hereafter referred to as wheat fractions. Six barrows (average initial BW 37.2 kg, and fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum) were fed one of six experimental diets, formulated to contain 17% CP (as-fed basis), according to a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Diets A, B, C, D, and E contained 17.53% soybean meal (SBM), which contributed 50% CP to these diets. The diets contained shorts, bran, or flour alone or in combination, contributing the remaining 50% CP to these diets. The proportions of shorts, bran, and flour in the wheat fractions were 70% shorts and 30% bran in diet A, 85% shorts and 15% bran in diet B, 100% shorts in diet C, 85% shorts and 15% flour in diet D, and 70% shorts and 30% flour in diet E. Diet F contained 35.05% soybean meal, which provided the sole source of dietary CP. Chromic oxide was used as a digestibility marker. During the first experimental period, the daily dietary allowance was provided at a rate of 5% (wt/wt) of the average BW. Thereafter, the allowance was increased by 100 g at each successive period. Each experimental period comprised 12 d. Following a 7-d adaptation period, feces were collected for 48 h and ileal digesta for a total of 24 h. The contribution of CP and AA associated with NDF gradually decreased from wheat fraction A to E, reflecting a decrease in NDF content from 42.3 to 29.5%. Of the indispensable AA in wheat fraction A, the contributions ranged from 12.9 to 15.9%. In wheat fraction E, these values ranged from 9.0 to 11.3%. The ileal digestibility values of NDF ranged from 11.8% in diet E to 17.1% in diet C (P > 0.05). There were usually no differences (P > 0.05) in the ileal digestibilities of AA associated with NDF between the wheat fractions. However, with the exception of lysine and tyrosine, there were negative correlations (P < 0.05) between the apparent ileal AA digestibilities and the content (%) of CP associated with NDF in the wheat fractions. Furthermore, there was no effect (P > 0.05) of the diets containing wheat fractions on the recovery of bacterial protein and mucin in ileal digesta.

A potent, nonpeptidyl 1H-quinolone antagonist for the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor.

Extensive development of the structure-activity relationships of a screening lead determined three important pharmacophores for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist activity. Incorporation of the 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl group at the 3-position, 2-(2(S)-azetidinyl)ethoxy group at the 4-position, and N-4-pyrimidinylcarboxamide at the 6-position of the quinolone core resulted in the identification of 4-(2-(azetidin-2(S)-yl)ethoxy)-7-chloro-2-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethylphenyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-carboxylic acid pyrimidin-4-ylamide (1) as a potent antagonist of the GnRH receptor. A 10(4)-fold increase in in vitro binding affinity is observed for the GnRH receptor as compared to the initial screening lead. Compound 1 exhibits nanomolar binding activity and functional antagonism at the human receptor and is 7-fold less active at the rhesus receptor. Intravenous administration of compound 1 to rhesus monkeys results in a significant decrease of the serum levels of downstream hormones, luteinizing hormone (79% decrease in area under the curve) and testosterone (92% decrease in area under the curve), at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Quinolone 1 is a potent nonpeptidyl antagonist for the human GnRH receptor that is efficacious for the suppression of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in primates.

Quinolones as gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists: simultaneous optimization of the C(3)-aryl and C(6)-substituents.

A series of 3-arylquinolones was prepared and evaluated for their ability to act as gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists. A variety of substitution patterns of the 3-aryl substituent are described. The 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl substituent (23h) was found to be optimal.

Potent antagonists of gonadotropin releasing hormone receptors derived from quinolone-6-carboxamides.

SAR studies which focused upon the C-6 position of a recently described series of quinolone gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists are reported. Synthetic access to diverse quinolone-6-carboxamides was achieved via the palladium-catalyzed amino-carbonylation reactions of iodide 4 with various amines. Amides related to 9y were especially potent, functional antagonists of rat and human GnRH receptors.

Amino acid digestibilities in different samples of wheat shorts for growing pigs.

An experiment was carried out to investigate the variability in apparent ileal amino acid (AA) digestibilities in simulated samples of wheat shorts consisting of different proportions of wheat bran (WB), wheat shorts (WS), and wheat flour (WF), hereafter referred to as wheat fractions. The proportions of WS, WB, and WF and the NDF content (DM basis) of the wheat fractions were as follows: A, 70% WS, 30% WB, and 42.3% NDF; B, 85% WS, 15% WB, and 41.8% NDF; C, 100% WS and 41.3% NDF; D, 85% WS, 15% WF, and 35.2% NDF; and E, 70% WS, 30% WF, and 29.5% NDF. Six barrows, average initial BW of 37.2 kg, fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, were fed one of six experimental diets according to a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Six diets were formulated to contain 17% CP (as-fed basis). Diets A, B, C, D, and E contained 17.53% soybean meal (SBM), which contributed 50% of the CP in these diets. The wheat fractions contributed the remaining 50% of the CP in these diets. Diet F contained 35.05% SBM, which was the sole source of dietary CP. Chromic oxide was used as the digestibility marker. During the first experimental period, the daily dietary allowance was provided at a rate of 5% (wt/wt) of the average BW. Thereafter, the daily dietary allowance was increased by 100 g at each successive period. Each experimental period comprised 12 d. Following a 7-d adaptation period, feces were collected for 48 h and ileal digesta for a total of 24 h. The apparent ileal digestibilities of AA in the wheat fractions were calculated using the difference method. The digestibilities were usually lowest in the wheat fractions containing WB and highest in those containing no WB. The average of the digestibilities of the indispensable AA was 63.5% for wheat fraction A, which contained 30% WB, and 71.9% for wheat fraction C, which did not contain WB. There were no differences (P > .05) in lysine digestibilities among the wheat fractions, which ranged from 54.7 to 64.1%. Of the indispensable AA, with the exception of arginine, lysine, and methionine, the apparent ileal digestibility values of AA were negatively correlated (P < .05) with the NDF content in the wheat fractions.

Effect of beta-glucanase supplementation to hulless barley- or wheat-soybean meal diets on the digestibilities of energy, protein, beta-glucans, and amino acids in young pigs.

Studies were carried out to determine the effect of beta-glucanase supplementation to hulless barley-soybean meal (HB+SBM) or wheat-soybean meal (W+SBM) diets on the digestibilities of GE, CP, beta-glucans, and amino acids. Twelve barrows, average BW 7.3 kg, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, approximately 5 cm from the ileo-cecal sphincter. After a 7-d recuperation period, six pigs were allotted to each dietary treatment according to a two-period crossover design. Both diets were formulated to contain 20% CP without and with supplementation of .2% beta-glucanase. beta-glucanase refers to a mixture of enzymes with endo- and exo-beta-glucanase and beta-glucosidase activities. Chromic oxide was included as a digestibility marker. The pigs were fed three times daily at 0800, 1600, and 2400 and the daily allowance was offered at a rate of 5% of BW. Each experimental period lasted 9 d. Feces were collected for 48 h on d 6 and 7 and ileal digesta for a total of 24 h on d 8 and 9. beta-glucanase supplementation to the HB+SBM diet increased (P < .05 or P < .01) the ileal digestibilities of GE, CP, beta-glucans, and the majority of the amino acids and the fecal digestibilities of GE, CP, and all amino acids measured; the fecal digestibility of beta-glucans in the HB+SBM diet was not affected by beta-glucanase supplementation. There was no effect (P > .05) of beta-glucanase supplementation to the W+SBM diet on the ileal digestibilities of any criteria measured except for beta-glucans (P < .05). The supplementation of beta-glucanase to the W+SBM diet increased (P < .05) the fecal digestibility of energy but not (P > .05) the other criteria measured.