Current status and progress of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: A review.

After 30 years of development, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) has become the main method for treating adult inguinal hernia. LIHR is more standardized, the approach of single-port laparoscopic hernioplasty, the advantages of robotic inguinal hernioplasty, the application of new patches and the selection of surgical methods for different populations have become the focus and difficulty of current research. This article summarized the research progress of LIHR in recent years. Different keywords and phrases including inguinal hernia, LIHR, transabdominal laparoscopic preperitoneal hernia repair, and total extraperitoneal hernia repair were used to search the PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Web of Science databases for related original and review articles that serve the aim of this article well, which was to perform a nonsystematic review of the development, progress, and current status of LIHR.

Preserving or peeling the inferior mesenteric arterial sheath during laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: a prospective study of surgical outcomes.

BACKGROUND: We mainly evaluated whether preserving the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) sheath to dissecting IMA root lymph nodes (also called No.253 lymph nodes) would benefit patients in terms of comparable lymph-node yield removed during operation and postoperative complications in laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. METHODS: This is a prospective study included 141 rectal cancer patients who received laparoscopic radical resection during September 2018 to December 2020. All patients were randomly assigned to the preserved group (n = 71) and the peeled group (n = 70). The baseline characteristics, pathological features, intraoperative and postoperative data outcomes and complications were analyzed by independent samples t test, chi-square test or Fisher's exact test between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The baseline characteristic and pathological features had no statistical difference between the 2 groups. The preserved group had a shorter operative time (P = 0.002), a shorter lymph node dissection time (P < 0.001), less intraoperative bleeding (P = 0.004), an earlier time to first flatus (P = 0.013), an earlier time to fluid intake (P = 0.033) and a shorter length of hospitalization (P = 0.012) than the peeled group. The differences between the 2 groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) in regard to the total number of lymph nodes cleared, positive lymph nodes, bleeding, anastomotic leakage, pneumonia, wound infection, abscess, ileus, urinary retention, urinary tract infection and chyle leakage. CONCLUSION: Preserving of the IMA sheath in laparoscopic radical surgery for rectal cancer will reduce the total operation time and the length of hospitalization. This surgical method could lead to lower complication rate and faster recovery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College and registered by the China Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2200060830, Date of Registration:2022-06-12 -retrospective registration) http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx .

The role of noncoding RNAs in cancer lipid metabolism.

Research on noncoding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) is mostly and broadly focused on microRNAs (miRNAs), cyclic RNAs (circRNAs), and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), which have been confirmed to play important roles in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Specifically, recent studies have shown that ncRNAs contribute to tumorigenesis and tumor development by mediating changes in enzymes related to lipid metabolism. The purpose of this review is to discuss the characterized ncRNAs involved in the lipid metabolism of tumors to highlight ncRNA-mediated lipid metabolism-related enzyme expression in malignant tumors and its importance to tumor development. In this review, we describe the types of ncRNA and the mechanism of tumor lipid metabolism and analyze the important role of ncRNA in tumor lipid metabolism and its future prospects from the perspectives of ncRNA biological function and lipid metabolic enzyme classification. However, several critical issues still need to be resolved. Because ncRNAs can affect tumor processes by regulating lipid metabolism enzymes, in the future, we can study the unique role of ncRNAs from four aspects: disease prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Therefore, in the future, the development of ncRNA-targeted therapy will become a hot direction and shoulder a major task in the medical field.

Reliability-Based Design Analysis for FRP Reinforced Compression Yield Beams.

Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) provide promising prospects for replacing steel bars in traditional reinforced concrete structures. However, the use of FRP as tension bars in concrete beams leads to insufficient ductility because of its elastic characteristics. A newly developed compression-yielding (CY) beam has successfully solved this issue. Instead of tensile reinforcement yield, the ductile deformation of a CY beam is realized by the compression yield of a CY block in the compressive region. Another important feature is that the CY block is also the fuse of the beam, where material damage to the beam is concentrated in the CY block region and can be easily replaced. As a load-bearing recoverable and ductile structure, it is necessary to conduct a reliability-based design analysis and recommend reduction factors for this new structure. In this study, the function for calculating the failure probability of CY beams is proposed, semi-probabilistic design recommendations are presented, and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is adopted as a reliability analysis method. This study discusses the influence of the possible characteristics of the critical variables on reliability and provides the reliability index with different reduction factors to guide the design of the CY beam. These analyses indicate that the reliability index can be improved from the material design of the CY block in greater strength fb, smaller depth, smaller coefficient of variation of fb, and yield modulus ratio ξ. This study also shows that compared with the design of FRP concrete beams, the ductile failure mode of the CY beams allows a lower safety factor to meet safety requirements, which significantly reduces construction costs and avoids over-designing the load-bearing capacity.

Longnon-coding RNA BLACAT2 promotes gastric cancer progression via the miR-193b-5p/METTL3 pathway.

Gastric cancer is one of the leading prevalent and malignant cancers worldwide, especially in east Asia. However, the in-depth molecular mechanism underlying gastric cancer progression remains uncertain. Recently, studies have identified that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) could play critical roles in the tumorigenesis of multiple types of cancer. Studies on long non-coding RNA BLACAT2 have proven that it participates in bladder cancer and colorectal cancer regulation and was identified as highly expressed using the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics in gastric cancer. However, the precise function of lncRNA-BLACAT2 in the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer remains largely unexplored. Our study discovered that lncRNA-BLACAT2 was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer. Different studies have illustrated that BLACAT2 promoted gastric cancer progression through regulating proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in terms of biological function. Furthermore, BLACAT2 was verified to perform its function through interaction with miR-193b-5p using a luciferase reporter assay. On the other hand, MiR-193b-5p specific inhibitor treatment reversed the inhibitory effect of BLACAT2 on cell biological functions. Additional studies also discovered that Methyltransferase Like 3 (METTL3) was the downstream target of miR-193b-5p. Subsequently, restoration of METTL3 eliminated the suppressive effect of proliferation or the promotive effect of apoptosis caused by BLACAT2 knockdown. To sum up, these experimental results demonstrated that BLACAT2 acted as an oncogene in gastric cancer progression through the regulation of the miR-193b-5p/METTL3 pathway, hence providing new insights regarding the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.

A novel circular RNA circFN1 enhances cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer via sponging miR-182-5p.

Cisplatin (CDDP) is commonly used for gastric cancer (GC) chemotherapy. However, after several CDDP-based treatment cycles, patients always acquire chemotherapy resistance, which limits the overall clinical efficacy of the treatment. Clarification of the mechanisms responsible for CDDP resistance is required to improve therapeutic outcomes for patients. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs involved in the pathogenesis of cancer, although their role in the mechanism underlying CDDP resistance in GC remains unknown. In the present study, we explored the underlying roles of circRNAs in the modulation of CDDP resistance in CDDP-sensitive and CDDP-resistant human GC cells. Using RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, expression of circFN1 (originating from exons 10, 11, and 12 of the FN1 gene hsa_circ_0058147) was higher in CDDP-resistant GC cells and tissues. CircFN1 upregulation in GC patients treated by CDDP was significantly correlated with aggressive biological behavior. CircFN1 promoted viability and inhibited apoptosis of GC cells exposed to CDDP in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, circFN1 suppressed GC cell apoptosis by "sponging" miR-182-5p. These findings demonstrate the involvement of circFN1 in CDDP resistance of GC and implicate circFN1 as a therapeutic target for GC patients treated with CDDP. It provides novel evidence of the function of circRNAs as microRNA sponges and highlight a potential therapeutic target for extinguishing CDDP resistance in patients with GC.

Decreased expression of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 9 is a novel independent prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer.

Previous studies suggested that chromodomain helicase DNA-binding proteins (CHDs), including CHD 1-8, were associated with several human diseases and cancers including lymphoma, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, etc. To date, little research on CHD 9 in human cancers has been reported. In this study, we assessed the prognostic value of CHD 9 in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We screened for CHD 9 expression using immunohistochemical analysis in 87 surgical CRC specimens and found that the expression was upregulated in 81.5% of the cases, while 7.4% were decreased; in the remaining 11.1% of the cases, levels were not altered. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high CHD 9 expression had better prognosis than those with low CHD 9 expression (54.5 vs 32.1%, P=0.034). Subsequently, Cox multi-factor survival regression analysis revealed that expression of CHD 9 protein was an independent predictor for CRC, with a hazard ratio of 0.503 (P=0.028). In addition, we found that CHD 9 expression was positively correlated with MSH2 (rs=0.232, P=0.036). We speculated that CHD9 might be a putative tumor suppressor gene, and could inhibit the development of CRC by participating in DNA repair processes. Our findings suggest that CHD 9 could be a novel prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for CRC. Further studies are needed to detect the effect of CHD 9 on cellular function and the expression of mismatch repair genes.

Keratin17 Promotes Tumor Growth and is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer.

Krt17 is a 48kDa protein member of keratin family. Previous literatures have demonstrated Krt17 may play a promotive role in the progression of various malignancies. However, the exact function of Krt17 in the carcinogenesis and the progression of gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. In the present study, the expression of Krt17 in 20 fresh GC and matched normal tissues were detected and Krt17 was found to be significantly increased in GC tissues compared to normal tissues. And then the immunochemistry was performed to investigate the Krt17 expression in 569 GC tissue specimens, we found that the expression of Krt17 was remarkably positively correlated with the tumor size (P < 0.01), depth of invasion (T) (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (N) (P < 0.001), tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (P < 0.001) and vascular invasion (P < 0.05). High expression of Krt17 predicted a poor prognosis of GC patients. In addition, we showed silencing of Krt17 inhibited GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis by altering Bcl2 family protein expression and cleaved caspase3 upregulation. Moreover, silencing of Krt17 led to cell cycle arrest at G1/S stage by decreasing cyclin E1 and cyclin D expression. In conclusion, our findings revealed Krt17 can be used as a novel predictive biomarker, thus providing a novel therapeutic target for GC patients.

Decreased expression of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 9 is a novel independent prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer

Previous studies suggested that chromodomain helicase DNA-binding proteins (CHDs), including CHD 1-8, were associated with several human diseases and cancers including lymphoma, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, etc. To date, little research on CHD 9 in human cancers has been reported. In this study, we assessed the prognostic value of CHD 9 in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We screened for CHD 9 expression using immunohistochemical analysis in 87 surgical CRC specimens and found that the expression was upregulated in 81.5% of the cases, while 7.4% were decreased; in the remaining 11.1% of the cases, levels were not altered. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high CHD 9 expression had better prognosis than those with low CHD 9 expression (54.5 vs 32.1%, P=0.034). Subsequently, Cox multi-factor survival regression analysis revealed that expression of CHD 9 protein was an independent predictor for CRC, with a hazard ratio of 0.503 (P=0.028). In addition, we found that CHD 9 expression was positively correlated with MSH2 (rs=0.232, P=0.036). We speculated that CHD9 might be a putative tumor suppressor gene, and could inhibit the development of CRC by participating in DNA repair processes. Our findings suggest that CHD 9 could be a novel prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for CRC. Further studies are needed to detect the effect of CHD 9 on cellular function and the expression of mismatch repair genes.