A Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer Patients by Integrating Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation and Precision Medicine.

Applying Chinese medicine (CM) is an important strategy for malignant tumor treatment in China. One of the significant characteristics of CM is to treat diseases based on syndrome differentiation. For Western medicine, it is of important clinical significance to formulate guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients based on the characteristics of disease differentiation. In Chinese clinical practice, the combination of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation is an important feature for cancer treatment in the past. Currently, molecular profiling and genomic analysis-based precision medicine optimizes the anticancer drug design and holds the greatest success in treating cancer patients. Therefore, we want to know which populations of cancer patients can benefit more from CM treatment if the theory of precision medicine is applied to CM clinical practice. So, we developed a novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategy "disease-syndrome differentiation-genomic profiling-prescriptions" for cancer patients by CM syndrome differentiation and precision medicine. As a result, this strategy has greatly enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of CM and improved clinical outcomes for cancer patients with some gene mutations. Our idea will hopefully establish a novel approach for the inheritance and innovation of CM.

[Metabonomics research strategy based on microdialysis technique].

Metabonomics is the branch of systems biology. It has been widely used in the fields of diagnostic markers discovery, disease prognosis, drug action mechanism, drug efficacy and toxicity evaluation, traditional Chinese medicine syndromes differentiation. There are shortcomings in the conventional metabonomics research. Microdialysis technology is a new type of biosampling technology, and metabonomics research based on microdialysis technology is in the ascendant. In view of the particularity of microdialysis technology and its great differences from traditional sampling and pretreatment methods, the metabonomics process based on microdialysis technology has certain similarities with traditional metabonomics research, and its basic process has some particularity. Advantages and basic strategies of metabonomics research by microdialysis technology are systematically summarized for researchers' reference.

[Brain lipidomics of intervention effect of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma on ischemic stroke based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique].

The aim of this paper was to investigate the intervention effect of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma on brain lipid metabolism in rats with ischemic stroke. The ischemic stroke rat model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion( MCAO) method. The brain tissues were collected after the last administration with Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma decoction lyophilizate. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to carry out the brain lipidomics study. The lipidomics data were processed with the OPLS-DA model to find out the lipid regulation effect of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma combined with Chuanxiong Rhizoma on ischemic stroke. The results showed that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma decoction lyophilized powder can significantly alleviate brain lipidomics profiles in middle cerebral artery occlusion model rats. Eleven differential lipid metabolites in ischemic stroke model were identified. In this experiment,the protective effects of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma decoction lyophilized powder on cerebral ischemia injury was verified,which might be related to the regulation of abnormal lipid metabolism.

[Compositions of organic acids in PM10 emission sources in Xiamen urban atmosphere].

The possible organic acid emission sources in PM10 in Xiamen urban atmosphere such as cooking, biomass burning, vehicle exhaust and soil/dust were obtained using a re-suspension test chamber. A total of 15 organic acids including dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids and aromatic acids were determined using GC/MS after derivatization with BF3/n-butanol. The results showed that the highest total concentration of 15 organic acids (53%) was found in cooking emission and the average concentration of the sum of linoleic acid and oleic acid was 24% +/- 14%. However, oxalic acid was the most abundant species followed by phthalic acid in gasoline vehicle exhaust. The ratios of adipic to azelaic acid in gasoline combustion emissions were significantly higher than those in other emission sources, which can be used to qualitatively differentiate anthropogenic and biological source of dicarboxylic acids in atmospheric samples. The ratios of malonic to succinic acid in source emissions (except gasoline generator emissions) were lower (0.07-0.44) than ambient PM10 samples (0.61-3.93), which can be used to qualitatively differentiate the primary source and the secondary source of dicarboxylic acids in urban PM10.

Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety evaluation of docetaxel/hydroxypropyl-sulfobutyl-ß-cyclodextrin inclusion complex.

Hydroxypropyl-sulfobutyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HP-SBE-ß-CD) inclusion complex was developed and used as a drug delivery system for DTX (DTX/HP-SBE-ß-CD). The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the biological properties of DTX/HP-SBE-Β-CD with Taxotere®. The pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, antitumor efficacy in vivo and in vitro, and safety evaluation of DTX/HP-SBE-ß-CD were studied. The most significant finding was that it was possible to prepare a Polysorbate-80-free inclusion complex for DTX. Studies based on pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and antitumor efficacy indicated that DTX/HP-SBE-ß-CD had similar pharmacokinetic properties and antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo as Taxotere®. Fortunately, this new drug delivery system attenuated the side effects when used in vivo. As a consequence, DTX/HP-SBE-ß-CD may be a promising alternative to Taxotere® for cancer chemotherapy treatment with reduced side effects. The therapeutic potential against a variety of human tumors and low toxicity demonstrated in a stringent study clearly warrant clinical investigation of DTX/HP-SBE-ß-CD for possible use against human tumors.

Sclerotherapy of microcystic lymphatic malformations in oral and facial regions.

PURPOSE: Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are benign vascular lesions that can cause disfigurement and functional impairment. Complete surgical resection is often difficult and intralesional injection of sclerosing agents has been proposed as an alternative to the surgery. The aim of this study was to review our experience with pingyangmycin (bleomycin A(5)) injection alone or in combination with surgery for treatment of oral and facial LMs, and to observe the histologic changes after intralesional injection of pingyangmycin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-nine patients who received intralesional injection of pingyangmycin for the treatment of oral and facial LMs were reviewed. There were 47 males and 32 females, at a ratio of 1 to 0.68. Age ranged from 4 months to 17 years. The sites of the lesions occurred primarily in the tongue, which was found in 37 cases, followed by cheeks in 18, involved lips in 10, parotid gland in 7, oropharynx in 5, and floor of the mouth in only 2 cases. Among them, 42 patients received pingyangmycin sclerotherapy solely, 14 patients had sclerotherapy in combination with secondary surgery, and 23 other patients had surgery with sclerotherapy. Patients had been followed up more than 6 months after the last treatment. The rating of the results was 4-graded: excellent, good, fair, and poor (based on clinical outcome). The histologic changes were observed under microscope in 14 resected specimens after the sclerotherapy. RESULTS: Primary anatomic locations of 79 LMs involved the face in 25 cases, and the oral cavity in 54. Median number of injections received per child was 4.2 (range, 3 to 8). Among the 79 patients, 44 cases (55.7%) were graded as excellent, 23 cases (29.11%) as good, 10 cases (12.66%) as fair, and 2 cases (2.53%) as poor. There were fewer totally cured or near-normal appearance in the sole sclerotherapy group (42.86%) than in the surgery with the sclerotherapy group (73.91%; P< .05). In specimens resected after pingyangmycin injection, histologic examination showed the destructive lymphatic vessels and obvious stromal fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Intralesional injection of pingyangmycin was effective for over two thirds of the children with oral and facial LMs. Perioperative sclerotherapy may improve the treatment of these malformations.

Surgery of lymphatic malformations in oral and cervicofacial regions in children.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine prognostic factors and complication rates related to the surgical management of lymphatic malformations of oral and cervicofacial regions in children. STUDY DESIGN: The charts of 117 children operated on for oral and cervicofacial lymphatic malformations were retrospectively reviewed. Treatment outcomes were analyzed for correlation with several factors, including age at presentation, sex, associated symptoms, anatomical site of involvement, extent of disease, operative complications, histological pattern, and recurrence. The chi(2) test was used to compare treatment failure rates and complication rates between patients with and without these factors. RESULTS: The tongue was the most frequent site of involvement (40.17%). The lesions with oral and facial involvement had a higher failure or recurrence rate (29.23%) than those with cervical involvement (8.33%; P < .05), and lesions with involvement of multiple sites had a higher recurrence rate (48.28%) than those with involvement of a single site or 2 sites (11.67%; P < .01). Although patients who underwent surgical procedure at less than 1 year of age had a higher recurrence rate (28.95%) than those more than 1 year (19.61%) of age, and microcystic lesions had a higher recurrence rate (28.33%) than macrocystic lesions (13.79%), no significant difference was found between them (P > .05). The lesions with involvement of 3 or more sites had significantly higher operative complication rates (37.8%) than those with involvement of 1 or 2 sites (15.58%; P < .01). CONCLUSION: Factors correlated with a worse prognosis in lymphatic malformations of oral and cervicofacial regions include the involvement of the oral cavity and/or face and involvement of multiple anatomical sites, which also may be associated with higher operative complications.