A case of double gallbladder with cholelithiasis diagnosed with transabdominal ultrasound.

Gallbladder duplication is a rare biliary tract malformation. According to Boyden's classification, the double gallbladder is divided into the bilobed gallbladder and truly duplicated gallbladder, including the Y-shaped [cystic ducts uniting before entering the common bile duct (CBD)] and H-shaped (cystic ducts separately entering into the CBD) types. The case described here was the Boyden H-shaped type. Preoperative diagnosis of the disease is essential to rationalize surgical planning and avoid complications. Transabdominal ultrasound is the first imaging technique that can diagnose biliary tract abnormality at many institutions. The popularization of typical ultrasound images of the double gallbladder could aid in surgical planning and avoiding complications.

Pseudoaneurysm after Common Carotid Artery Atherosclerotic Rupture.

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Shear Wave Elasticity Differentiation Between Low- and High-Grade Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma and Correlation With Collagen Fiber Content.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the differences in the shear wave elasticity and collagen fiber content between low- and high-grade bladder urothelial carcinoma and study the relationship between elasticity and the content of collagen fiber. METHODS: A total of 66 patients with bladder tumors who were referred to our hospital underwent transrectal or transvaginal conventional ultrasound and shear wave elasticity examinations. After bladder urothelial carcinoma was pathologically confirmed, 34 cases of low-grade and 32 cases of high-grade carcinoma were enrolled. The specimens underwent Masson trichrome staining, and image-processing software was used to quantitatively analyze the area of collagen fiber. RESULTS: Based on conventional ultrasound, the low- and high-grade groups were similar in the number, location, interior echoes, basal portion, size, and vascularity (P > .05); nevertheless, the difference in the surface condition (smooth or rough) was statistically significant (P = .03). The high-grade group had significantly higher maximum and mean elasticity than the low-grade group (P < .01). The percentage of the collagen fiber area in the high-grade group was significantly higher than that in the low-grade group (mean ± SD, 11.45% ± 1.66% versus 7.64% ± 0.70%; P = .01). There was a positive correlation between maximum elasticity, mean elasticity, and the percentage of the collagen fiber area (r = 0.75 and 0.52, respectively; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Shear wave elasticity can be used to differentiate between low- and high-grade bladder urothelial carcinoma. The elasticity of lesions has a close correlation with the content of collagen fiber, which may have an important impact on tissue stiffness and the development of bladder cancer.