A Comprehensive Study on Self-Learning Methods and Implications to Autonomous Driving.

As artificial intelligence (AI) has already seen numerous successful applications, the upcoming challenge lies in how to realize artificial general intelligence (AGI). Self-learning algorithms can autonomously acquire knowledge and adapt to new, demanding applications, recognized as one of the most effective techniques to overcome this challenge. Although many related studies have been conducted, there is still no comprehensive and systematic review available, nor well-founded recommendations for the application of autonomous intelligent systems, especially autonomous driving. As a result, this article comprehensively analyzes and classifies self-learning algorithms into three categories: broad self-learning, narrow self-learning, and limited self-learning. These categories are used to describe the popular usage, the most promising techniques, and the current status of hybridization with self-supervised learning. Then, the narrow self-learning is divided into three parts based on the self-learning realization path: sample self-learning, model self-learning, and self-learning architecture. For each method, this article discusses in detail its self-learning capacity, challenges, and applications to autonomous driving. Finally, the future research directions of self-learning algorithms are pointed out. It is expected that this study has the potential to eventually contribute to revolutionizing autonomous driving technology.

An Evaluation of the Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Chitosan Modified by Quaternary Ammonium Salt for Carbon Steel in Stone Processing Wastewater.

Chitosan was used as the raw material. A quaternization reaction was carried out between 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride and water-soluble chitosan to prepare quaternary ammonium salt water-soluble chitosan (QWSC), and its corrosion inhibition performance against the corrosion of carbon steel in stone processing wastewater was evaluated. The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of QWSC on carbon steel in stone processing wastewater were investigated through weight loss, as well as electrochemical and surface morphology characterization techniques. The results show that QWSC has superior corrosion inhibition performance for A3 carbon steel. When an amount of 60 mL·L-1 is added, the corrosion inhibition efficiency can reach 59.51%. Electrochemical research has shown that a QWSC inhibitor is a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. The inhibition mechanisms of the QWSC inhibitor revealed that the positive charge on the surface of carbon steel in stone wastewater was conducive to the adsorption of Cl- in the medium, which produced an excessive negative charge on the metal's surface. At the same time, the quaternary ammonium cation and amino cation formed in QWSC in stone processing wastewater can be physically absorbed on the surface of A3 carbon steel, forming a thin-film inhibitor to prevent metal corrosion.

Gender differences in the association between anemia and osteoporosis: findings from a large-scale prospective analysis.

PURPOSE: Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by a gradual onset and an increased susceptibility to osteoporotic fractures. Previous retrospective studies have suggested that hemoglobin (HGB) levels could be a potential diagnostic marker for OP. However, the relationship between OP and anemia remains uncertain. This prospective study aimed to investigate the association between HGB levels and OP. METHODS: Leveraging data from the UK Biobank, a cohort of 452 778 individuals was analyzed. Employing a modified Cox proportional hazards model that accounted for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and health-related factors, we examined the links between incident OP and sex. Moreover, we investigated the impact of OP with or without a pathological fracture. RESULTS: Following a median follow-up period of 5.85 years, 4294 participants were diagnosed with OP. After adjusting for a comprehensive range of pertinent confounders, individuals with anemia exhibited a 2.15-fold higher risk of OP in males and a 1.41-fold higher risk in females. Moreover, each unit increase in HGB concentration corresponded to a 0.83-fold decrease in OP risk for men and a 0.94-fold decrease for women. PERSPECTIVES: Our findings reveal a significant correlation between HGB levels or anemia and OP, with males demonstrating a greater susceptibility compared to females. The risk of OP decreased with higher HGB concentrations in both sexes, although this effect was more pronounced in males. It is recommended to conduct longitudinal studies to investigate the causality of the observed connections and experimental studies to understand the underlying mechanisms.

The experiences and perceptions of employers on cancer survivors returning to work: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.

PURPOSE: Employers play an important role in the return-to-work (RTW) of cancer survivors (CSs), and recently a substantial number of qualitative studies from the employers' perspective have emerged. This meta-synthesis aims to systematically review these qualitative studies regarding employers' experiences with CSs' RTW. METHODS: Five electronic databases were searched from inception to January 2024 to identify the studies. Three researchers conducted quality assessment of included. Subsequent, we performed thematic integration of the included studies with the NVivo 11 software. RESULTS: Thirteen qualitative studies were included, and 16 topics were finally extracted and summarized into seven categories to form three integrated themes: employers' perspective on facilitators and obstacles for CSs' RTW, employers' response including negative emotion and positive behavior, and employers' need resources from different aspects. CONCLUSION: CSs' RTW is influenced by many factors; the support employers need is also extensive and complex. Employers need more support beyond healthcare.

A new technique for low back pain in lumbar disc herniation: percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy combined with sinuvertebral nerve ablation.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) has demonstrated efficacy in alleviating leg pain among patients with lumbar disc herniation. Nonetheless, residual back pain persists as a troubling issue for surgeons following the procedure. In the treatment of discogenic back pain, sinuvertebral nerve radiofrequency ablation has shown promising results. Nevertheless, the potential benefit of simultaneously implementing sinuvertebral nerve radiofrequency ablation during PELD surgery to address residual back pain has not been thoroughly investigated in current literature. METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) patients with low back pain who underwent combined PELD and sinuvertebral nerve ablation in our department between January 2021 and September 2023. Residual low back pain post-surgery was assessed and compared with existing literature. RESULTS: A total of 80 patients, including 53 males and 27 females, were included in the study. Following surgical intervention, patients demonstrated remarkable improvements in pain and functional parameters. One month post-operatively, the VAS score for low back pain exhibited a 75% reduction (6.45 ± 1.3 to 1.61 ± 1.67), while the VAS score for leg pain decreased by 85% (7.89 ± 1.15 to 1.18 ± 1.26). Notably, the JOA score increased from 12.89 ± 5.48 to 25.35 ± 4.96, and the ODI score decreased form 59.48 ± 9.58 to 20.3 ± 5.37. These improvements were sustained at three months post-operatively. According to the modified Mac Nab criteria, the excellent and good rate was 88.75%. Residual low back pain is observed to be comparatively reduced compared to the findings documented in earlier literature. CONCLUSION: The combination of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and sinuvertebral nerve ablation demonstrates effective improvement in low back pain for LDH patients.

Toward autonomous vehicles: A survey on cooperative vehicle-infrastructure system.

Cooperative vehicle-infrastructure system (CVIS) is an important part of the intelligent transport system (ITS). Autonomous vehicles have the potential to improve safety, efficiency, and energy saving through CVIS. Although a few CVIS studies have been conducted in the transportation field recently, a comprehensive analysis of CVIS is necessary, especially about how CVIS is applied in autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we overview the relevant architectures and components of CVIS. After that, state-of-the-art research and applications of CVIS in autonomous vehicles are reviewed from the perspective of improving vehicle safety, efficiency, and energy saving, including scenarios such as straight road segments, intersections, ramps, etc. In addition, the datasets and simulators used in CVIS-related studies are summarized. Finally, challenges and future directions are discussed to promote the development of CVIS and provide inspiration and reference for researchers in the field of ITS.

Treatment of chromium-containing sludge using sintering and ironmaking combined technology: A risk-reducing strategy for environmental impact.

The efficient, safe and eco-friendly disposal of the chromium-containing sludge (CCS) has attracted an increasing concern. In this study, Co-processing of CCS was developed via employing sintering and ironmaking combined technology for its harmless disposal and resource utilization. Crystalline phase and valence state transformation of chromium (Cr), technical feasibility assessment, leaching risk, characteristics of sintered products, and pollutant release during CCS co-processing were investigated through a series of laboratory-scale sintering pot experiments and large scale industrial trials. The results showed that the content of Cr(VI) in sintered products first increased then decreased with increasing temperature ranges of 300 °C-800 °C, and reached a maximum of 2189.64 mg/kg at 500 °C. 99.99% of Cr(VI) can be reduced to Cr(III) at above 1000 °C, which was attributed to the transformation of the Cr(VI)-containing crystalline phases (such as, MgCrO4 and CaCrO4) to the (Mg, Fe2+)(Cr, Al, Fe3+)2O4. The industrial trial results showed that adding 0.5 wt‰ CCS to sintering feed did not have adverse effects on the properties of the sintered ore and the plant's operating stability. The tumbler index of sinter was above 78% and the leaching concentrations of TCr (0.069 mg/L) was significantly lower than the Chinese National Standard of 1.0 mg/L (GB5085.3-2007). The TCr contents of sintering dust and blast furnace gas (BFG) scrubbing water were less than 0.19 wt‰ and 0.11 mg/L, respectively, which was far below the regulatory limit (1.5 mg/L, GB13456-2012). The mass balance evaluation results indicated that at least 89.9% of the Cr in the CCS migrated into the molten iron in the blast furnace (BF), which became a useful supplement to the molten iron. This study provided a new perspective strategy for the safe disposal and resource utilization of CCS in iron and steel industry.

A Four-Week High-Fat Diet Induces Anxiolytic-like Behaviors through Mature BDNF in the mPFC of Mice.

The effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on mood is a widely debated topic, with the underlying mechanisms being poorly understood. This study explores the anxiolytic effects of a four-week HFD in C57BL/6 mice. Five-week-old mice were exposed to either an HFD (60% calories from fat) or standard chow diet (CD) for four weeks, followed by cannula implantation, virus infusion, behavioral tests, and biochemical assays. Results revealed that four weeks of an HFD induced anxiolytic-like behaviors and increased the protein levels of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) and phosphorylated tyrosine kinase receptor B (p-TrkB) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Administration of a BDNF-neutralizing antibody to the mPFC reversed HFD-induced anxiolytic-like behaviors. Elevated BDNF levels were observed in both neurons and astrocytes in the mPFC of HFD mice. Additionally, these mice exhibited a higher number of dendritic spines in the mPFC, as well as upregulation of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95). Furthermore, mRNA levels of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase, fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), and the hydrolase matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), also increased in the mPFC. These findings suggest that an HFD may induce FTO and MMP9, which could potentially regulate BDNF processing, contributing to anxiolytic-like behaviors. This study proposes potential molecular mechanisms that may underlie HFD-induced anxiolytic behaviors.

A synthetic digital city dataset for robustness and generalisation of depth estimation models.

Existing monocular depth estimation driving datasets are limited in the number of images and the diversity of driving conditions. The images of datasets are commonly in a low resolution and the depth maps are sparse. To overcome these limitations, we produce a Synthetic Digital City Dataset (SDCD) which was collected under 6 different weather driving conditions, and 6 common adverse perturbations caused by the data transmission. SDCD provides a total of 930 K high-resolution RGB images and corresponding perfect observed depth maps. The evaluation shows that depth estimation models which are trained on SDCD provide a clearer, smoother, and more precise long-range depth estimation compared to those trained on one of the best-known driving datasets KITTI. Moreover, we provide a benchmark to investigate the performance of depth estimation models in different adverse driving conditions. Instead of collecting data from the real world, we generate the SDCD under severe driving conditions with perfect observed data in the digital world, enhancing depth estimation for autonomous driving.

Mn-Co-Ce/biochar based particles electrodes for removal of COD from coking wastewater by 3D/HEFL system: Characteristics, optimization, and mechanism.

In this work, the Mn, Co, Ce co-doped corn cob biochar (MCCBC) as catalytic particle electrodes in a three-dimensional heterogeneous electro-Fenton-like (3D-HEFL) system for the efficient degradation of coking wastewater was investigated. Various characterization methods such as SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS and electrochemical analysis were employed for the prepared materials. The results showed that the MCCBC particle electrodes had excellent electrochemical degradation performances of COD in coking wastewater, and the COD removal and degradation rates of the 3D/HEFL system were 85.35% and 0.0563 min-1 respectively. RSM optimized conditions revealed higher COD removal rate at 89.23% after 31.6 min of electrolysis. The efficient degradability and wide adaptability of the 3D/HEFL system were due to its beneficial coupling mechanism, including the synergistic effect between the system factors (3D and HEFL) as well as the synergistic interactions between the ROS (dominated by •OH and supplemented by O2•-) in the system. Moreover, the COD removal rate of MCCBC could still remain at 81.41% after 5 cycles with a lower ion leaching and a specific energy consumption of 11.28 kWh kg-1 COD. The superior performance of MCCBC, as catalytic particle electrodes showed a great potential for engineering applications for the advanced treatment of coking wastewater.

Preparation of magnetic DTPA-modified chitosan composite microspheres for enhanced adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution.

In this study, magnetic DTPA-modified chitosan composite microspheres (MDCM) were prepared by reverse emulsion-double crosslinking method (carbodiimide followed by glutaraldehyde) for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The obtained magnetic adsorbents were characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD, VSM, BET, and 13C NMR. The effects of the pH, contact time, initial concentration, and competitive metal cations (Na(I), Ca(II), or Mg(II)) on Pb(II) adsorption were investigated. The results revealed that MDCM exhibited high removal performance over a wide pH range and in the presence of competitive metal cations. The maximum adsorption capacity of MDCM for Pb(II) is 214.63 mg g-1 at pH 3, which is higher than most recently reported magnetic adsorbents. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms can be described by the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model, respectively. In addition, MDCM is easy to regenerate and can be reused five cycles with high adsorption capacity. Finally, the adsorption mechanism was further revealed by FTIR and XPS analysis. Overall, MDCM has practical application potential in removing Pb(II) from contaminated wastewater due to its high adsorption efficiency, good reusability, and convenient magnetic separation.

Correlation between preoperative peripheral blood NLR, PLR, LMR and prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Markers that can be used to evaluate the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain undefined. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) in patients with HNSCC who underwent surgery-based treatment for the first time. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients HNSCC who underwent surgery-based treatment at our institution between January 2018 and December 2020. Specificity and sensitivity were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the critical value was determined. Patients were divided into low and high groups according to NLR, PLR, and LMR the critical value. Log-rank and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations between preoperative NLR, PLR, LMR, and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: A total of 304 patients with HNSCC were included, of whom 190 (62.5%) and 114 (37.5%), 203 (66.8%) and 101 (33.2%), 98 (32.2%), and 206 (67.8%) cases were classified as low NLR and high NLR groups, low PLR and high PLR groups, and low LMR and high LMR groups, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEU), platelet count (PLT), NLR, pathologic N stage (pN stage), TNM stage and postoperative complications were significantly associated with OS (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that NEU, NLR, TNM stage and postoperative complications were independent negative prognostic factors for HNSCC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Preoperative NLR is an independent negative prognostic factor for HNSCC. Patients with an increased NLR may have a poor OS.

Self-amplifying mRNA seasonal influenza vaccines elicit mouse neutralizing antibody and cell-mediated immunity and protect ferrets.

Currently licensed influenza vaccines focus immune responses on viral hemagglutinin (HA), while the other major surface glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA) is not tightly controlled in inactivated vaccine formulations despite evidence that anti-NA antibodies reduce clinical disease. We utilized a bicistronic self-amplifying mRNA (sa-mRNA) platform encoding both HA and NA from four seasonal influenza strains, creating a quadrivalent influenza vaccine. sa-mRNA vaccines encoding an NA component induced the production of NA-inhibiting antibodies and CD4+ T-cell responses in both monovalent and quadrivalent formulations. Including NA in the vaccine enabled cross-neutralization against antigenically drifted strains and provided greater protection than HA alone upon A(H3N2) challenge in ferrets. These results demonstrate that next-generation bicistronic sa-mRNA vaccines expressing HA and NA induce potent antibodies against both viral coat proteins, as well as vaccine-specific cell-mediated immunity. When formulated as a quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine, the sa-mRNA platform provides an opportunity to increase the breadth of protection through cross-neutralizing anti-NA antibodies.

[Analysis of clinical characteristics and genetic variants in two children with Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy autosomal recessive 9 FKRP-related].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between clinical manifestations of Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy autosomal recessive 9 FKRP-related (R9 FKRP-related) and variants of the FKRP gene. METHODS: Two children who had presented at the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University respectively due to increased serum myocardial zymogram and hepatic dysfunction on September 30, 2018 and August 3, 2018 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data of the children were collected. Both children were suspected for Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy for asymptomatic high creatine kinase (CK) levels. Peripheral blood samples of the children and their parents were collected for whole exome sequencing, and candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: Genetic testing revealed that both children have carried compound heterozygous variants of the FKRP gene. The c.545A>G and c.941C>T variants in child 1 have been reported previously, among which the c.545A>G is a hot spot mutation in the Chinese population. Child 2 has carried c.602T>C and c.961G>A variants, both of which were unreported previously. CONCLUSION: Both children have met the diagnostic criteria for LGMD R9 FKRP-related. Carriers of the c.545A>G variant may present milder symptoms. Compared with patients carrying null variants, carriers of compound heterozygous missense variants may present with a milder phenotype, manifesting as asymptomatic high CK level.

The prognostic role of coagulation markers in the progression and metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The application of coagulation-related markers in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC) remains unclear. This study explored the prognostic role of coagulation markers in the progression and metastasis of LSCC. METHODS: Coagulation markers of patients with LSCC receiving surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University in China, from January 2013 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of contemporary patients with benign laryngeal diseases. The relationship between clinicopathological features of LSCC and coagulation markers was analyzed with the chi-square and rank sum tests. The ROC curve analysis was utilized to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of seven coagulation markers for LSCC and its different clinicopathological features, and to find the optimal cutoff value of each coagulation marker. RESULTS: 303 patients with LSCC and 533 patients with benign laryngeal diseases were included in the present analysis. Compared to the control group, prothrombin time (PT) (p < 0.001), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (p = 0.001), and Fib (p < 0.001) in patients with LSCC were significantly higher, while mean platelet volume (MPV) (p < 0.001) was significantly shorter. Significant increases were detected in PT (Z = 14.342, p = 0.002), Fib (Z = 25.985, p < 0.001), platelet count (PC) (Z = 12.768, p = 0.005), PCT (Z = 9.178, p = 0.027), MPV (F = 2.948, p = 0.033) in T4 stage. Fib had the highest prognostic value among the seven coagulation markers in different T stages (AUC = 0.676, p < 0.001), N stages (AUC = 0.717, p < 0.001), tumor stage (AUC = 0.665, p < 0.001), differentiation degree (AUC = 0.579, p = 0.022), and neurovascular invasion (AUC = 0.651, p = 0.007). Fib (Z = 25.832, p < 0.001), PC (Z = 23.842, p < 0.001), and PCT (Z = 20.15, p < 0.001) in N1 and N3 stages were significantly higher than in N0 stage. PT (Z = 12.174, p = 0.007), Fib (Z = 23.873, p < 0.001), PC (Z = 17.785, p < 0.001), and PCT (Z = 14.693, p = 0.002) were significantly higher in stage IV than in stage I and II. APTT (Z=-1.983, p = 0.047), Fib (Z=-2.68, p = 0.007), PC (Z=-2.723, p = 0.006), and PCT (Z=-2.592, p = 0.01) increased significantly when the tumor invaded neurovascular tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Coagulation markers have the potential to act as biomarkers for predicting pathological features of LSCC. The high level of Fib was helpful for the diagnosis of LSCC and the detection of advanced LSCC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.

Potential auto-driving threat: Universal rain-removal attack.

Severe weather conditions pose a significant challenge for computer vision algorithms in autonomous driving applications, particularly regarding robustness. Image rain-removal algorithms have emerged as a potential solution by leveraging the power of neural networks to restore rain-free backgrounds in images. However, existing research overlooks the vulnerability concerns in neural networks, which exposes a potential threat to the intelligent perception of autonomous vehicles in rainy conditions. This paper proposes a universal rain-removal attack (URA) that exploits the vulnerability of image rain-removal algorithms. By generating a non-additive spatial perturbation, URA significantly diminishes scene restoration similarity and image quality. The imperceptible and generic perturbation employed by URA makes it a crucial tool for vulnerability detection in image rain-removal algorithms and a potential real-world AI attack method. Experimental results demonstrate that URA can reduce scene repair capability by 39.5% and image generation quality by 26.4%, effectively targeting state-of-the-art rain-removal algorithms.

Precious-Metal-Free CO2 Photoreduction Boosted by Dynamic Coordinative Interaction between Pyridine-Tethered Cu(I) Sensitizers and a Co(II) Catalyst.

Improving the photocatalytic efficiency of a fully noble-metal-free system for CO2 reduction remains a fundamental challenge, which can be accomplished by facilitating electron delivery as a consequence of exploiting intermolecular interactions. Herein, we have designed two Cu(I) photosensitizers with different pyridyl pendants at the phenanthroline moiety to enable dynamic coordinative interactions between the sensitizers and a cobalt macrocyclic catalyst. Compared to the parent Cu(I) photosensitizer, one of the pyridine-tethered derivatives boosts the apparent quantum yield up to 76 ± 6% at 425 nm for selective (near 99%) CO2-to-CO conversion. This value is nearly twice that of the parent system with no pyridyl pendants (40 ± 5%) and substantially surpasses the record (57%) of the noble-metal-free systems reported so far. This system also realizes a maximum turnover number of 11 800 ± 1400. In contrast, another Cu(I) photosensitizer, in which the pyridine substituents are directly linked to the phenanthroline moiety, is inactive. The above behavior and photocatalytic mechanism are systematically elucidated by transient fluorescence, transient absorption, transient X-ray absorption spectroscopies, and quantum chemical calculations. This work highlights the advantage of constructing coordinative interactions to fine-tune the electron transfer processes within noble-metal-free systems for CO2 photoreduction.

[Impact of CSF3R Mutation on Treatment Response and Survival of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of CSF3R mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and analyze its clinical characteristics and prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in 212 patients with AML who were newly diagnosed in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 1th 2018 to June 30th 2021, including 22 patients with CSF3R mutations as mutation group and 190 patients with CSF3R wild type ï¼»66 cases of them were screened by propensity score matching (PSM), as control groupï¼½. The early efficacy and survival between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The median age of patients in the mutation group was 50(17-73) years old, and the ratio of male to female was 1.2:1 The main types were AML with maturation (11 cases) and acute myelomonocytic leukemia (9 cases). Prognostic stratification was carried out according to the risk stratification system of the European leukemia network in 2017, with 16 cases (72.73%) in the middle and high-risk group. At the initial diagnosis, the median count of white blood cell (WBC) was 44.75(1.30-368.71)×109/L, among which 15 cases (68.18%) were >10×109/L, and the median count of platelet (PLT) was 24(4-55)×109/L. CSF3R T618I (68.18%) was a common mutation site, which had concomitant gene mutations, in which CEBPA mutation was the most common (10 cases, 45.45%), but only existed in CSF3R T618I mutation. The CR/CRi rate was 68.18% and 71.21% in the mutant group and the control group (P >0.05), the median over all survival time was 15 months and 9 months (P >0.05), and the median disease-free survival time was 8 months and 4 months (P >0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: Most AML patients with CSF3R mutation are middle-aged patients, the main types are AML with maturation and acute myelomonocytic leukemia, and most of them have middle and high-risk prognosis. CSF3R mutation may not be an independent prognostic marker for newly diagnosed AML patients.

Synthesis of Metal/SU-8 Nanocomposites through Photoreduction on SU-8 Substrates.

The paper presents a simple, fast, and cost-effective method for creating metal/SU-8 nanocomposites by applying a metal precursor drop onto the surface or nanostructure of SU-8 and exposing it to UV light. No pre-mixing of the metal precursor with the SU-8 polymer or pre-synthesis of metal nanoparticles is required. A TEM analysis was conducted to confirm the composition and depth distribution of the silver nanoparticles, which penetrate the SU-8 film and uniformly form the Ag/SU-8 nanocomposites. The antibacterial properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated. Moreover, a composite surface with a top layer of gold nanodisks and a bottom layer of Ag/SU-8 nanocomposites was produced using the same photoreduction process with gold and silver precursors, respectively. The reduction parameters can be manipulated to customize the color and spectrum of various composite surfaces.

Effective Removal of Fe (III) from Strongly Acidic Wastewater by Pyridine-Modified Chitosan: Synthesis, Efficiency, and Mechanism.

A novel pyridine-modified chitosan (PYCS) adsorbent was prepared in a multistep procedure including the successive grafting of 2-(chloromethyl) pyridine hydrochloride and crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. Then, the as-prepared materials were used as adsorbents for the removal of metal ions from acidic wastewater. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the impact of various factors such as solution pH value, contact time, temperature, and Fe (III) concentration. The results showed that the absorbent exhibited a high capacity of Fe (III) and the maximum adsorption capacity was up to 66.20 mg/g under optimal experimental conditions (the adsorption time = 12 h, pH = 2.5, and T = 303 K). Adsorption kinetics and isotherm data were accurately described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Sips model, respectively. Thermodynamic studies confirmed that the adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process. Moreover, the adsorption mechanism was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed the pyridine group forms a stable chelate with iron (III) ions. Therefore, this acid-resistant adsorbent exhibited excellent adsorption performance for heavy metal ions from acidic wastewater compared to the conventional adsorbents, helping realize direct decontamination and secondary utilization.