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By consulting ancient herbal books and modern literature， this paper systematically sorted out and researched the processing history， relevant processing norms in recent years， modern processing technology， chemical composition changes of processed products and their pharmacological mechanism of Scutellariae Radix， in order to provide a basis for the further development of Scutellariae Radix decoction pieces. According to the textual research of ancient books， there were many kinds of processing auxiliary materials of Scutellariae Radix， such as wine， vinegar， salt， honey， pig bile and so on， among which the wine processing was the most diverse and detailed， and the processed products such as raw products， stir-fried products， wine-processed products， fried charcoal products were still in use. The modern processing techniques of Scutellariae Radix mainly focus on the processing aspects of softening and slicing， wine processing and charcoal frying， and the research methods are relatively unified. At present， it is found that the changed chemical constituents of Scutellariae Radix after processing are flavonoids， polysaccharides， volatile oils and trace elements， etc. Pharmacological effects of processed products are hemostasis， antibacterial， anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， analgesic and antipyretic， treatment of lung diseases， treatment of colitis， etc. However， in the studies of Scutellariae Radix processing， there is a lack of research on the structural changes of chemical components caused by processing and a comprehensive comparative study on the pharmacological effects of various processed products. Based on this， it is suggested to carry out systematic research on the processing technology to processing mechanism， further explore the relationship between the change rule of material basis and pharmacological action before and after processing of Scutellariae Radix， and deepen the exploration of molecular mechanism and clinical application of processed products of Scutellariae Radix， in order to clarify the scientific connotation of the processing mechanism of Scutellariae Radix， and lay a foundation for the subsequent expansion of the application of Scutellariae Radix decoction pieces and the formulation of processing standards.
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Objective To investigate the effects of intrathecal administration of Maresin 1 on pain behavior and glial cells activation in spinal dorsal horn of mice with bone cancer pain(BCP).Methods Experiment Ⅰ,twenty-eight clean male C57BL/6 mice,aged 4-6 weeks,weighing 18-22 g,were ran-domly divided into two groups:sham 1 group(group S1)and BCP 1 group(group B1),14 mice in each group.BCP model was established in group B1 by injecting PBS 20 μl containing 2 × 105 lewis lung carcino-ma cells into the intramedullary space.Group S,received PBS 20 μl without tumor cells.Six mice in each group were randomly selected to determine the mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal with-drawal latency(TWL)1 day before implantation,3,7,14,21 days after implantation.Four mice were randomly sacrificed on days 7,14 and 21 in group S,and group B1.The expressions of spinal glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1)were detected by Western blot.Experiment Ⅱ,thirty-six clean male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups:sham 2 group(group S2),BCP 2 group(group B2),and Maresin 1 group(group M),12 mice in each group.BCP models were established in groups B2 and M while group S2 received PBS 20 μl without tumor cells.Maresin 1 50 ng/5 μl were intrathecally injected from days 14 to 16 after tumor cells implantation.Six mice in each group were randomly selected to determine the MWT and TWL on days 14 to 18 after implantation.Mice were sacrificed on day 18 after pain behavior tests.The expressions of spinal GFAP and Iba1 were de-tected by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining.The levels of spinal IL-1 β,IL-6,and TNF-α were detected by ELISA.Results Experiment Ⅰ:compared with group S1,the MWT and TWL were significantly lower on days 7,10,14,and 21 after implantation in group B,(P＜0.05),the expressions of spinal GFAP and Iba1 were upregulated on days 7,14,and 21 after implantation in group B1(P＜0.05).Experiment Ⅱ:compared with group S2,the levels of spinal GFAP,Iba1,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α were increased on day 18 after implantation in group B2(P＜0.05).Compared with group B2,the MWT and TWL were significantly higher on days 15-18 after implantation while levels of spinal GFAP,Iba1,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α on day 18 were decreased in group M(P＜0.05).Conclusion Intrathecal administra-tion of Maresin 1 attenuates BCP maybe by inhibiting the glial cells activation and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord.
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Objective:To study the correlation between transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) level measured from shielded skin and total serum bilirubin (TSB) level after phototherapy in premature infants.Methods:From July 2019 to July 2021,preterm infants with jaundice admitted to the Department of Neonatology of our hospital and received phototherapy were prospectively enrolled in the study. The infants were assigned into 26~31w group, 32~34w group and 35~36w group according to their gestational ages. During phototherapy, the forehead, the chest and the perineum were shielded. TcBs were measured at the above mentioned areas three times each before and after phototherapy and TSB was measured from venous blood samples.Results:A total of 306 premature infants were included, with 51 cases in 26~31w group, 126 cases in 32~34w group and 129 cases in 35~36w group. Before phototherapy, TcBs of the forehead, the chest and the perineum of all infants were correlated with TSB ( r=0.699, 0.913, 0.734, P<0.001) with TcB of the chest showed the best correlation. A linear regression equation was established using the TSB before phototherapy and the TcB of the chest: TSB=0.634+0.912TcB. After phototherapy, TcBs of the forehead, the chest and the perineum of all infants were also correlated with TSB ( r=0.586, 0.879, 0.690, P<0.001) with TcB of the chest showed the best correlation and the linear regression equation was TSB=1.910+0.736TcB. Conclusions:For preterm infants with gestational age of 26~36w, TcB of the shielded chest skin after phototherapy is correlated with TSB and a linear regression model can be established.