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OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for promoting individualized medication in clinic. METHODS ：Information on external quality assessment （EQA）projects and approved kits for the guidance of chemical drug use were collected from the websites of National Center for Clinical Laboratories （NCCL） and National Medical Products Administration （NMPA） as of December 31，2019. The number of laboratories participating in each evaluation project was count. Taking EQA projects of clopidogrel and warfarin drug metabolism gene polymorphism detection as examples ，who was with the highest participation rate ， the methods and reagent kits of each laboratory were analyzed so as to analyze the current status of the clinical pharmacogenomics （PGx）in China. RESULTS ：The number of PGx genetic test EQA projects conducted by NCCL increased from 3（2014）to 9 （2019）. The total number of participating laboratories was 926 in 2018，and 1 249 in 2019. The number of laboratories of warfarin and clopidogrel drug metabolism gene polymorphism detection increased from 57 to 300.5 for warfarin and from 124 to 374.5 for clopidogrel. The more widely used methods were fluorescent PCR and PCR-chip hybridization. The number of reagent kits currently approved by NMPA was 7 for warfarin and 15 for clopidogrel ，respectively. But some of the laboratories participating in EQA used self-prepared reagents yet. CONCLUSIONS ：The clinical PGx is in its infancy ，and the awareness of laboratories about EQA is improving；the main method was fluorescence PCR ，but the use of self-made reagents in laboratories is still common ，regulations concerning the approval ，use and supervision still need to be further improved.
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@#To establish a method for the determination of ketamine and MDA and their main metabolites in urine by solid phase microextraction-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In a urine sample supplemented with quantitative ketamine, norketamine, MDMA and MDA control. The solution was adjusted pH 11, added solid Na2CO3, heated and stirred at 60 °C. Then, the sample was extracted by SPME with 60 μm polydimethylsiloxane-vinylbenzene copolymer(PDMS/DVB ), a middle-polar coated fiber for 15 minutes and then analyzed by HPLC-MS. The result showed good linearity in the range of 0. 03-1. 0 μg/mL, r≥0. 999 2, and LOD was 0. 01 μg/mL, the value of the average recovery rate was varying from 97. 19%-105. 44%, and RSD was within 10%. The method is simple, safe and accurate, and can be used to determine ketamine, MDMA and their main metabolites in urine.
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Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, a woody plant growing in the desert, plays a vital role in vegetation maintaining and restoration in the arid region in northwest China. The plant exhibits an extremely high tolerance to abiotic stress such as drought and freezing stresses, and it has been used as an ideal model for abiotic stress tolerance research in trees. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of approximately 21nt endogenous non-protein-coding small RNA, which plays an important role in plant growth, development and responses to environmental stresses. By now, a large number of miRNAs have been reported in many plant species, but no studies describing A.mongolicus miRNA were published. In the present study, the types, expression levels, and putative target genes of conserved miRNAs in seedlings of A. mongolicus were analyzed using small RNA deep sequencing technology and bioinformatics methods. Nineteen conserved miRNAs, which belong to 10 miRNA families, were identified, with abundance ranging from 55 to 1920269 reads. Target prediction analysis determined the target genes of 14 conserved miRNAs. The functional classification analysis indicated that the conserved miRNAs participate in the development and environmental response by regulating the biological processes including the transcription regulation, hormone signal transduction, metabolisms and stress resistance.
