Relationship between crustacean consumption and serum perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 4.

Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are non-aromatic organic compounds, whose hydrogen atoms in the carbon chain substituted by fluorine atoms. PFASs exhibit developmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, and hormone toxicity. PFASs are used in the production of disposable food packages, aircraft and automobile devices, cooking utensils, outdoor gear, furniture and carpets, aqueous film forming foam (AFFF), cables and wires, electronics, and semiconductors. This study aimed to determine the association between crustacean consumption and serum PFASs. Methods: Adult participants (2,993) aged ≥ 19 years were extracted from the 4th cycle data of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS). Based on the 50th percentile concentrations of serum PFASs, participants were divided into the low-concentration group (LC) and the high-concentration group (HC). General characteristics, dietary factors, coated product usage, and personal care product usage, an independent t-test and χ2 test were analyzed. The odds ratio (OR) of serum PFAS concentration against crustacean consumption was estimated via logistic regression analysis adjusting for general characteristics, dietary factors, coated product usage, and personal care product usage. Results: The OR for the HC of serum PFASs was higher in individuals with ≥once a week crustacean consumption than in those with < once a week crustacean consumption. Estimated ORs were perfluorohexanesulfonic acid 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53-3.02), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) 1.23 (95% CI: 1.07-1.41), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA) 1.42 (95% CI: 1.17-1.74) in males, and perfluorooctanoic acid 1.48 (95% CI: 1.19-1.84), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid 1.39 (95% CI: 1.27-1.52), PFNA 1.70 (95% CI: 1.29-2.26) and PFDeA 1.43 (95% CI: 1.32-1.54) in females. Conclusions: This study revealed the association between the crustacean consumption and concentrations of serum PFASs in general Korean population.

Autologous collagen induced chondrogenesis (ACIC: Shetty-Kim technique) - A matrix based acellular single stage arthroscopic cartilage repair technique.

The defects of articular cartilage in the knee joint are a common degenerative disease and currently there are several established techniques to treat this problem, each with their own advantages and shortcomings. Autologous chondrocyte implantation is the current gold standard but the technique is expensive, time-consuming and most versions require two stage procedures and an arthrotomy. Autologous collagen induced chondrogenesis (ACIC) is a single-stage arthroscopic procedure and we developed. This method uses microfracture technique with atelocollagen mixed with fibrin gel to treat articular cartilage defects. We introduce this ACIC techniques and its scientific background.

Autologous bone-marrow mesenchymal cell induced chondrogenesis (MCIC).

Degenerative and traumatic articular cartilage defects are common, difficult to treat, and progressive lesions that cause significant morbidity in the general population. There have been multiple approaches to treat such lesions, including arthroscopic debridement, microfracture, multiple drilling, osteochondral transplantation and autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) that are currently being used in clinical practice. Autologous bone-marrow mesenchymal cell induced chondrogenesis (MCIC) is a single-staged arthroscopic procedure. This method combines a modified microfracture technique with the application of a bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), hyaluronic acid and fibrin gel to treat articular cartilage defects. We reviewed the current literatures and surgical techniques for mesenchymal cell induced chondrogenesis.

Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal cell induced chondrogenesis for the treatment of osteoarthritis of knee.

Healthy and high quality of life has become the main issue with increasing human life span. Many biological treatments for osteoarthritis of the knee have been tried with limited success. We compared data from 7 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty and 46 patients who underwent autologous bone-marrow mesenchymal cell induced chondrogenesis (MCIC) for osteoarthritis of grade IV of the Kellgren-Lawrence classification and grade IV of modified Outerbridge classification from 50 to 65 years of age. Clinical evaluation of the 2 groups showed significant improvement in the mean telephone Knee Society Scoring system (tKSS)-A (pain) and tKSS-B (function) scores throughout the postoperative follow-up period. There was no difference in the patients' satisfaction between the 2 groups. MCIC is a treatment option at least for delaying disease progression of osteoarthritis of the knee. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13770-016-9125-y and is accessible for authorized users.

Rupture of flexor tendons as a complication of a distal radius fracture.

Two cases are reported of flexor tendon rupture of ulnar side fingers as a complication after distal radius fracture. One was associated with a prominent distal volar lip of fracture site, the other with a relatively volarly displaced ulnar head due to the dorsally tilted distal radius due to malunion. These may be unique cases of flexor tendon rupture with conservatively treated patients.

Avulsion fracture of the calcaneal tuberosity: classification and its characteristics.

BACKGROUND: Not much is known regarding avulsion fractures of the calcaneal tuberosity. We propose a modified classification scheme that presents the four types of calcaneal avulsion fracture as described by surgical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and evaluation of their specific features. METHODS: Out of 764 cases of calcaneal fractures, we examined 20 cases (2.6%) that involved the tuberosity of the calcaneus. Each case was classified depending on the avulsed fracture patterns as follows; type I is a 'simple extra-articular avulsion' fracture, type II is the 'beak' fracture, type III is an infrabursal avulsion fracture from the middle third of the posterior tuberosity, and finally in type IV there is the 'beak', but a small triangular fragment is separated from the upper border of the tuberosity. We examined the features of each avulsed type according to several criteria including patient age, gender, anatomical variances of the Achilles tendon, the fibers involved and the mechanism of injury. RESULTS: The type I fracture (8/20 cases) was the most common and likely to occur in elderly women. However, in other types, they were more common in relatively younger male patients. Type I were usually caused due to an accidental trip causing a fall by the patient. However, the dominant cause of type II (5/20 cases) fractures a direct blow or hit directly to the bone. Type III (4/20 cases) and IV (3/20 cases) fractures were likely to occur due to falling. All fibers within the Achilles tendon are involved in both type I and II fractures. However, only the superficial fibers are involved in type III fractures, whereas the deep fibers are involved in type IV fractures. CONCLUSIONS: The avulsion patterns of the calcaneal tuberosity fractures are the result of several factors including the bony density level, the mechanism of injury and the fibers of the Achilles tendon that transmit the force. Accurate diagnosis of type III and IV is dependant on MRI technology to confirm the specific location of the injury and provide proper patient treatment therapeutics.