Effect of Hypoglycemic Drugs on Kisspeptin Expression in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus of PCOS Rats.

Background: To investigate the change in hypothalamic kisspeptin-1 (Kiss1) expression during the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypoglycemic drug intervention. Methods: Letrozole lavage was used to construct a polycystic ovary rat model. After successful modeling, we treated PCOS rats with metformin, pioglitazone, and acarbose, and we then observed changes in weight, estrus, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, sex hormones, and hypothalamic kiss1 expression. Results: PCOS rats exhibited increased body weight, abnormal estrous cycle, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, increased testosterone level, increased luteinizing hormone level, and increased Kiss1 expression in the hypothalamus. However, intervention with metformin, pioglitazone, and acarbose improved the reproductive and metabolic disorders as well as reduced hypothalamic Kiss1 expression. Conclusion: The expression of hypothalamic Kiss1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Metformin, pioglitazone, and acarbose may reduce the expression of hypothalamic Kiss1 by improving insulin resistance, thereby improving reproductive and metabolic disorders in PCOS rats.

Effect of omentin-1 on cancer stem cell surface markers and tumour-suppressive miRNA expression in a high-glucose environment associated with colorectal cancer.

Objective: To investigate how omentin-1 impacts colorectal cancer stem cell surface markers and the expression levels of tumour-suppressive micro ribonucleic acid in a colorectal cancer-associated high-glucose environment. METHODS: The study was conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University，Anhui, China，from April 2018 to January 2019 and comprised cluster of differentiation133 and colorectal cancer stem cells from the SW480 cell line（the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line） obtained through immunomagnetic beads-based cell isolation. The colon cancer stem cells were divided into 6 groups: Z0 (control), Z1 (1ug/mL omentin-1), Z2 (2ug/mL omentin-1), G0 (5.0g/mL glucose), G1 (1ug/mL omentin-1 and 5.0g/mL glucose), and G2 (2ug/mL omentin-1 and 5.0 g/mL glucose). After 24 hours of intervention, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot test were used for the detection of messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels of stem cell surface markers. The colorectal cancer stem cells were divided into three groups: the control group, omentin group 1 (1ug/mL omentin-1) and omentin group 2 (2ug/mL omentin-1). After 24 hours of intervention, the expression of tumour suppressor micro ribonucleic acid was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. RESULTS: Compared to the Z0 group, cluster of differentiation133 messenger ribonucleic acid expression reduced sharply in Z1 group (p<0.05), while Z2 group saw a marked increase in the expression (p<0.05). With respect to tumour-suppressive micro ribonucleic acid expression, micro ribonucleic acid 126, 145, 34a and 342-5P in omentin group 2 exhibited an expression level significantly higher than those in the control group and the omentin group 1 (p<0.05). Conclusion: High glucose levels were found to upregulate the expression of colorectal cancer stem cell surface markers cluster of differentiation133 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein. Also, omentin-1 was found to be associated with the downregulation of cluster of differentiation133 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression and the upregulation of cluster of differentiation 44 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in a high-glucose environment. Finally, omentin-1 was found to have the ability to promote the expression of relevant tumour-suppressive micro ribonucleic acids 126, 14, 34a and 342-5P.

Long-term follow-up of a case of MEN1 and literature review.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1), improve our understanding of the disease and highlight the importance of life-long follow-up of affected individuals. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 1 MEN1 patient with long-term follow-up at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. RESULTS: A 51-year-old woman was diagnosed with MEN1 14 years ago, but exhibited a suspected disease course of at least 20 years. Prior to admission, the patient reported a cough lasting for two months. The patient's thyroid hormone, sex hormone, insulin, cortisol, parathyroid hormone, and ACTH circadian rhythm findings were within normal ranges. The patient exhibited elevated blood calcium levels. Examination led to the detection of thymoma and pancreatic neoplasms, whereas no obvious abnormalities were detected in her parathyroid gland or adrenal gland as determined via computed tomography (CT). Genetic analyses revealed a mutation in the MEN1 gene in this patient. As the patient had no relevant clinical symptoms, she refused surgical treatment, and follow-up was continued. It was learned through follow-up that the patient underwent anterior mediastinal lesion resection and partial rib resection in June 2020 because she re-examined the chest CT showed that the anterior mediastinal mass was significantly larger than that in 2019. Pathology suggested neuroendocrine tumors. The patient is currently recovering well. CONCLUSION: MEN1 is an uncommon condition in clinical settings, and it is important that clinicians be made aware of this disorder so that they can provide patients with appropriate and timely treatments.

Primary hyperparathyroidism in a woman with multiple tumors: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Parathyroid adenoma (PTA) is known as an adenomatous hyperparathyroidism syndrome. At earlier times, the major symptoms of this disease included high blood calcium and low phosphorus. PTA is a benign neuroendocrine neoplasm. We have reviewed the literature and found that it is rare for patients with hyperparathyroidism to have benign tumors with multiple organs at the same time. This report describes a patient with a PTA and four nonfunctional adenomas. CASE SUMMARY: We report a case of primary hyperparathyroidism in a 39-year-old woman with multiple organ tumors. The patient was admitted to hospital because of hypercalcemia. Laboratory, imaging, and histological examinations confirmed a left parathyroid neoplasm. Right thyroid adenoma was discovered during hospitalization. She had a medical history of uterine fibroids, right benign mammary gland tumor, and meningioma. The patient recovered after surgical and conservative treatments. CONCLUSION: Primary hyperparathyroidism with multiple organ tumors is uncommon, and further studies should be conducted to determine if there is genetic heterogeneity.

Effect of hypothyroidism on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and reproductive function of pregnant rats.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to detect changes in hormone levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with hypothyroidism, and identify differences in the pregnancy and abortion rates of female adult rats. The potential role of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) as the link between the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and reproductive function regulated by thyroid hormones was also investigated. METHODS: Female SD rats (n = 136) were causally classified into two groups: the normal-drinking-water group (n = 60) and the 0.05% propylthiouracil-drinking-water group (PTU 2 mg/kg/day, n = 76) to establish an adult rat model of hypothyroidism (6 weeks). Female and male rats at a ratio of 1:2 were used to establish a hypothyroidism pregnancy model. GnRH mRNA and GnRH receptor (GnRHR) expression in rats was detected using real time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS: The abortion rate differed significantly between the hypothyroidism pregnancy group and the normal pregnancy group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the distribution of the GnRHR among the five nuclei (hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus, hypothalamic anterior nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and ventral premammillary nucleus) of the hypothalamus and ovary (P > 0.05). Hypothyroidism had no significant effect on GnRH mRNA expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in the four groups (normal control group, normal pregnancy group, hypothyroidism pregnancy group, and hypothyroidism group) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hypothyroidism had an adverse impact on pregnancy in rats and may affect the distribution of pituitary GnRHR, whereas it did not obviously affect the distribution of GnRHR in the nuclei of the hypothalamus and ovary. Hypothyroidism had no effect on GnRH mRNA expression.