RESUMO
Twelve captive magnificent tree frogs Litoria splendida and 2 green tree frogs L. caerulea on a property in the Darwin rural area (Northern Territory, Australia) either died or were euthanased after becoming lethargic or developing skin lesions. Samples from both species of frog were submitted for histopathology and virus isolation. An irido-like virus was cultured from tissue samples taken from both species and was characterised using electron microscopy, restriction enzyme digests and nucleic acid amplification and sequencing. The isolates were determined to belong to the genus Ranavirus, were indistinguishable from each other and shared a 98.62% nucleotide similarity and a 97.32% deduced amino acid homology with the Bohle iridovirus over a 1161 bp region of the major capsid gene. This is the first isolation of a ranavirus from amphibians in the Northern Territory and the first report of natural infection in these 2 species of native frog. The virus is tentatively named Mahaffey Road virus (MHRV).
Assuntos
Anuros/virologia , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/veterinária , Ranavirus/classificação , Ranavirus/isolamento & purificação , Viroses/veterinária , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/virologia , DNA Viral/genética , Dissecação , Lasers , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Northern Territory/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Baço/patologia , Baço/ultraestrutura , Baço/virologia , Viroses/epidemiologia , Viroses/virologiaRESUMO
Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is the aetiological agent of an emerging disease (KHVD) associated with mass mortalities in koi and common carp and reported from at least 30 countries. We report the first isolation of KHV from koi and common carp in Indonesia and initial characterization of the isolates. Clinical signs, histopathology and virion morphology are similar to those of isolates from other countries. Phylogenetic analyses using the thymidine kinase gene amplified from each isolate and from carp tissue samples collected from KHVD outbreaks throughout Indonesia indicated that the Indonesian isolates are more closely related to the Asian than the European KHV lineage. Sequence analysis of two other variable regions between ORF29 and ORF31 (marker I) and near the start of ORF 133 (marker II) indicated that all Indonesian isolates displayed a marker I allele (I(++)) previously identified only in isolates of the Asian lineage. However, in the marker II region, all Indonesian isolates displayed the II(-) allele, which has been reported previously only amongst isolates of the European lineage, and nine of these displayed a mixed genotype (II(+)II(-)). The I(++)II(-) genotype has not been reported previously and appears to represent a new intermediate lineage that may have emerged in Indonesia.
Assuntos
Carpas/virologia , Doenças dos Peixes/virologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/veterinária , Herpesviridae/genética , Herpesviridae/isolamento & purificação , Timidina Quinase/genética , Animais , Aquicultura , Carpas/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular , DNA Viral/análise , DNA Viral/classificação , DNA Viral/genética , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/fisiopatologia , Proteínas de Peixes/classificação , Proteínas de Peixes/genética , Herpesviridae/classificação , Herpesviridae/patogenicidade , Infecções por Herpesviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/fisiopatologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , Indonésia/epidemiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Timidina Quinase/classificação , Vírion/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Understanding the causes of infectious disease to facilitate better control requires observational and experimental studies. Often these must be conducted at many scales such as at the molecular, cellular, organism, and population level. Studies need to consider both intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the pathogen/host interaction. They also require a combination of study methods covered by disciplines such as pathology, epidemiology, microbiology, and ecology. Therefore, it is important that disciplines work together when designing and conducting studies. Finally, we need to integrate and interpret data across levels and disciplines to better formulate control strategies. This requires another group of specialists with broad cross-disciplinary training in epidemiology and an ability to readily work with others.
Assuntos
Causalidade , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Anfíbios/microbiologia , Doenças dos Animais/etiologia , Animais , Quitridiomicetos/patogenicidade , Comportamento Cooperativo , Micoses/veterinária , Projetos de PesquisaRESUMO
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a fungus belonging to the Phylum Chytridiomycota, Class Chytridiomycetes, Order Chytridiales, and is the highly infectious aetiological agent responsible for a potentially fatal disease, chytridiomycosis, which is currently decimating many of the world's amphibian populations. The fungus infects 2 amphibian orders (Anura and Caudata), 14 families and at least 200 species and is responsible for at least 1 species extinction. Whilst the origin of the agent and routes of transmission are being debated, it has been recognised that successful management of the disease will require effective sampling regimes and detection assays. We have developed a range of unique sampling protocols together with diagnostic assays for the detection of B. dendrobatidis in both living and deceased tadpoles and adults. Here, we formally present our data and discuss them in respect to assay sensitivity, specificity, repeatability and reproducibility. We suggest that compliance with the recommended protocols will avoid the generation of spurious results, thereby providing the international scientific and regulatory community with a set of validated procedures which will assist in the successful management of chytridiomycosis in the future.
Assuntos
Anuros/microbiologia , Quitridiomicetos/isolamento & purificação , Micoses/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Animais , Quitridiomicetos/genética , DNA Fúngico/análise , Etanol/farmacologia , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/veterinária , Larva/microbiologia , Micoses/diagnóstico , Micoses/patologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Esporos Fúngicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Esporos Fúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Temperatura , Dedos do Pé/microbiologia , Microbiologia da ÁguaRESUMO
During investigations of epidemic frog mortality in Britain, a novel fatal systemic haemorrhagic disease of common toads was discovered. This disease resembles a systemic haemorrhagic disease of common frogs in Britain, which is one of a range of fatal disease syndromes, characterized by systemic haemorrhages, skin ulceration or a combination of these lesions, caused by ranavirus infection. Ranavirus previously isolated from diseased toads was inoculated into common frogs to evaluate if this virus could infect and cause disease in common frogs. All virus-inoculated frogs died with systemic haemorrhages between 6 and 8 days post-inoculation, giving similar results to those produced by the inoculation of frogs with ranavirus cultured from naturally diseased frogs. These results indicate that the same, or similar, viruses are affecting both frogs and toads in the field and confirm that ranavirus has emerged as an important cause of amphibian mortality in Britain.
Assuntos
Bufo bufo/virologia , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/veterinária , Hemorragia/veterinária , Rana temporaria/virologia , Úlcera Cutânea/veterinária , Animais , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/transmissão , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa , Hemorragia/virologia , Ranavirus/isolamento & purificação , Ranavirus/patogenicidade , Úlcera Cutânea/virologia , Reino UnidoRESUMO
A series of transmission studies was conducted to investigate the aetiology, or aetiologies, of emerging fatal epidemic disease syndromes affecting the common frog (Rana temporaria) in Britain. The syndromes, characterized by skin ulceration or systemic haemorrhages, were induced upon exposure to lesion homogenates or cultured ranavirus. The re-isolation of ranavirus from experimentally affected frogs fulfilled Koch's postulates. Aeromonas hydrophila, previously associated with similar lesions, was not significant to disease development. Unexpectedly, disease outcomes were influenced by both the source of agent and the route of exposure, indicating that different ranaviruses with different tissue tropisms and pathogeneses (possibly similar to quasi-species in RNA virus populations) are circulating in the British common frog population. Our findings confirm that ranavirus disease has emerged as an important cause of amphibian mortality in Britain.
Assuntos
Infecções por Vírus de DNA/veterinária , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/veterinária , Rana temporaria/virologia , Aeromonas hydrophila , Animais , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/veterinária , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/complicações , Hemorragia/veterinária , Hemorragia/virologia , Ranavirus/isolamento & purificação , Úlcera Cutânea/veterinária , Úlcera Cutânea/virologia , Reino UnidoRESUMO
In recent years interest in the family Iridoviridae has been renewed by the identification of a number of viruses, particularly from the genus Ranavirus, associated with disease in a range of poikilotherms. Ranaviruses have been isolated from amphibian, piscine and reptilian species. Here we describe an open reading frame (ORF) identified in the genome of Bohle iridovirus (BIV) which contains a nucleotide binding motif conserved within the thymidine kinase (TK) genes of iridoviruses from other genera (lymphocystis disease virus, LCDV, type species of the genus Lymphocystivirus; Chilo iridescent virus, CIV, type species of the genus Iridovirus). The ability of this putative gene to express a functional TK was confirmed by rescue of a TK negative mutant vaccinia virus in the presence of selective media, when expression was controlled by a vaccinia virus promoter. The sequence of the BIV TK was compared with the homologous sequences from epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV), a virus associated with disease in fish, from Wamena iridovirus (WIV) associated with systemic disease in green pythons, and from frog virus 3 (FV3) the ranavirus type species. Comparisons between these sequences and those available from other ranaviruses, other iridoviruses, other DNA viruses and cellular TKs are presented.
Assuntos
Iridoviridae/genética , Timidina Quinase/genética , Timidina Quinase/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Sítios de Ligação/genética , Expressão Gênica , Vetores Genéticos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Alinhamento de Sequência , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Vaccinia virus/metabolismoRESUMO
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a major pathogen of frogs worldwide, associated with declines in amphibian populations. Diagnosis of chytridiomycosis to date has largely relied upon histological and immunohistochemical examination of toe clips. This technique is invasive and insensitive particularly at early stages of infection when treatment may be possible. We have developed a real-time PCR Taqman assay that can accurately detect and quantify one zoospore in a diagnostic sample. This assay will assist the early detection of B. dendrobatidis in both captive and wild populations, with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity, thus facilitating treatment and protection of endangered populations, monitoring of pristine environments and preventing further global spread via amphibian trade.
Assuntos
Anuros/microbiologia , Quitridiomicetos/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Técnicas Histológicas , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution and incidence of chytridiomycosis in eastern Australian frogs and to examine the effects of temperature on this disease. DESIGN: A pathological survey and a transmission experiment were conducted. PROCEDURE: Diagnostic pathology examinations were performed on free-living and captive, ill and dead amphibians collected opportunistically from eastern Australia between October 1993 and December 2000. We conducted a transmission experiment in the laboratory to investigate the effects of temperature: eight great barred frogs (Mixophyes fasciolatus) exposed to zoospores of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and six unexposed frogs were housed individually in each of three rooms held at 17 degrees C, 23 degrees C and 27 degrees C. RESULTS: Chytridiomycosis was the cause of death or morbidity for 133 (55.2%) of 241 free-living amphibians and for 66 (58.4%) of 113 captive amphibians. This disease occurred in 34 amphibian species, was widespread around the eastern seaboard of Australia and affected amphibians in a variety of habitats at high and low altitudes on or between the Great Dividing Range and the coast. The incidence of chytridiomycosis was higher in winter, with 53% of wild frogs from Queensland and New South Wales dying in July and August. Other diseases were much less common and were detected mostly in spring and summer. In experimental infections, lower temperatures enhanced the pathogenicity of B. dendrobatidis in M. fasciolatus. All 16 frogs exposed to B. dendrobatidis at 17 degrees C and 23 degrees C died, whereas 4 of 8 frogs exposed at 27 degrees C survived. However, the time until death for the frogs that died at 27 degrees C was shorter than at the lower temperatures. Infections in survivors were eliminated by 98 days. CONCLUSION: Chytridiomycosis is a major cause of mortality in free-living and captive amphibians in Australia and mortality rate increases at lower temperatures.
Assuntos
Anfíbios , Quitridiomicetos/isolamento & purificação , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Animais , Dermatomicoses/epidemiologia , Dermatomicoses/etiologia , Incidência , New South Wales/epidemiologia , Queensland/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano , TemperaturaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether viable White Spot Syndrome virus (WSSV) or Yellowhead virus (YHV) were present in prawn products imported into Australia. PROCEDURE: A sample of fourteen uncooked prawns was obtained from a consignment imported from southeast Asia. Each of the prawns was examined for WSSV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then a bioassay was conducted in which a 10% homogenate of cuticular epithelium from each of the prawns was inoculated intramuscularly into healthy challenge prawns (Penaeus monodon) from Australia. The latter were then monitored for clinical signs of disease, and tissue samples were processed for electron microscopy, histological examination and for detection of WSSV by in situ hybridization (ISH) using a commercial kit. Limited numbers of haemolymph samples from inoculated challenge prawns were also examined by PCR for the presence of WSSV and YHV. All work was carried out under microbiologically secure conditions. RESULTS: Results of the initial PCR examination for WSSV on the imported prawns were not definitive. However, in the bioassay, several of the challenge prawns inoculated with homogenates from the imported prawns showed clinical signs of disease (inappetence and lethargy) within 24 h post inoculation (pi) and died at 1 to 4 days pi. Tissue samples from a number of moribund prawns demonstrated lesions typical of White Spot Disease (WSD), and the presence of the virus was confirmed by electron microscopy, ISH and PCR. YHV was also demonstrated by PCR in two challenge prawns inoculated with homogenates. CONCLUSION: Viable WSSV and YHV were present in frozen prawn products imported into Australia for human consumption from southeast Asia. Importation of frozen infected products may present a risk of transferring virus to wild and farmed populations of crustaceans in this country. To date, WSD and Yellowhead Disease remain exotic to Australia.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronaviridae/veterinária , Coronaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Crustáceos , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/veterinária , Vírus de DNA/isolamento & purificação , Alimentos Marinhos , Animais , Sudeste Asiático , Coronaviridae/genética , Infecções por Coronaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronaviridae/virologia , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/virologia , Vírus de DNA/genética , Feminino , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Queensland/epidemiologia , Meios de TransporteRESUMO
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a major pathogen of frogs worldwide. It has been associated with catastrophic declines of frog populations including those in pristine habitats in Queensland, Australia. To facilitate genetic and disease studies of this fungus and related species, it is essential to have a reliable long-term storage method to maintain genetic integrity of isolates. We have adapted well-established techniques used for the long-term storage of tissue-culture cell lines to the preservation of B. dendrobatidis and other chytridiomycetes. This simple method has allowed us to recover these fungi from storage at -80 degrees C and in liquid nitrogen over an extended period. With this technique it is now possible to preserve saprobic and parasitic isolates from a variety of environmental and disease situations for comparative genetic and biological studies.
Assuntos
Quitridiomicetos , Criopreservação/métodos , Quitridiomicetos/ultraestrutura , Crioprotetores/química , Microscopia Eletrônica , Nitrogênio/químicaRESUMO
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and subacute measles encephalitis (SME) are both rare complications of measles virus infection. SSPE typically affects immunocompetent children, has an insidious onset and follows a steadily progressive course. SME mainly occurs in immunosuppressed children and has a rapidly progressive course. We describe a 43 year old immunocompetent man who presented with a rapidly progressive fatal encephalopathy. Histological examination of the brain showed a meningoencephalitis with inclusion bodies. Complement fixing antibody to measles virus was present in his serum and CSF. Measles virus RNA was found in the brain, spinal cord and eye, but not in the CSF. Analysis of the nucleoprotein gene isolated from this patient did not show similarity to SSPE strains of the measles virus. This patient demonstrates that subacute encephalitis secondary to measles virus infection can develop in an immunocompetent adult host.
Assuntos
Encefalite/etiologia , Sarampo/complicações , Adulto , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/virologia , Eletroencefalografia , Encefalite/patologia , Encefalite/virologia , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Imunocompetência , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Sarampo/patologia , Sarampo/virologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , RNA Viral/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Ten juvenile green pythons (Chondropython viridis) died or were euthanized shortly after having been illegally imported into Australia from Indonesia in 1998. Histologic examination of two of the three snakes that died revealed moderately severe chronic ulceration of the nasal mucosa and focal or periacinar degeneration and necrosis of the liver. In addition there was severe necrotizing inflammation of the pharyngeal submucosa accompanied by numerous macrophages, heterophils, and edema. An iridovirus was isolated in culture from several tissues and characterized by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis, restriction endonuclease digestion, and DNA hybridization. This is the first report of a systemic ranavirus infection in any species of snake and is a new member of the genus, Ranavirus.
Assuntos
Boidae/virologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Ranavirus/isolamento & purificação , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Capsídeo/química , Capsídeo/genética , Linhagem Celular , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral , DNA Viral/análise , DNA Viral/química , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida/veterinária , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Indonésia , Fígado/patologia , Microscopia Eletrônica/veterinária , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mucosa Nasal/patologia , Faringe/patologia , Filogenia , Queensland , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/patologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , Ranavirus/classificação , Ranavirus/genética , Ranavirus/ultraestrutura , Mapeamento por Restrição/veterinária , Alinhamento de Sequência/veterináriaRESUMO
Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV), Bohle iridovirus (BIV) and Wamena virus (WV) cause serious diseases in fish, amphibians and snakes, respectively but are restricted to Australasia. European catfish virus (ECV) and sheatfish virus (ESV) have caused epizootics in fish on farms in continental Europe. Currently there are no simple or readily available methods to distinguish these viruses, which are in the Iridoviridae. They are culturally, morphologically and antigenically very similar to Frog Virus 3 (FV3), the type species in Ranavirus in this family and Gutapo virus (GV), another amphibian ranavirus from America. The diseases caused by EHNV, ESV and ECV are so serious that they are internationally notifiable. Tests to distinguish these viruses are desirable to ensure that disease occurrences do not unnecessarily restrict trade in aquaculture products. The gene encoding the major capsid protein from two EHNV isolates from different fish species (Perca fluviatilis and Oncorhynchus mykiss) and one BIV isolate were sequenced and the data and deduced amino acid sequences were compared with those from FV3 and other iridoviruses. The sequences for the two EHNV isolates were identical, confirming suggestions from existing partial MCP sequence that the same type of EHNV infects wild redfin perch and farmed rainbow trout. Differences in restriction endonuclease patterns of specific PCR products were predicted and confirmed between EHNV, BIV, and WV and provided a basis for rapid differentiation of these viruses from each other and from ESV/ECV and FV3/GV. These simple and rapid tests to distinguish important ranaviruses from the regions of Europe, Australia and America will help regulatory authorities assess the need for disease control responses in the event of occurrence of ranavirus infection in aquaculture species.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Ranavirus/classificação , Ranavirus/genética , América , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Anfíbios/virologia , Animais , Austrália , Sequência de Bases , Proteínas do Capsídeo/química , Europa (Continente) , Doenças dos Peixes/virologia , Peixes/virologia , Genes Virais , Genótipo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , Alinhamento de Sequência , Estados UnidosRESUMO
A human isolate of Nipah virus from an outbreak of febrile encephalitis in Malaysia that coincided with a field outbreak of disease in pigs was used to infect eight 6-week-old pigs orally or subcutaneously and two cats oronasally. In pigs, the virus induced a respiratory and neurological syndrome consistent with that observed in the Malaysian pigs. Not all the pigs showed clinical signs, but Nipah virus was recovered from the nose and oropharynx of both clinically and sub-clinically infected animals. Natural infection of in-contact pigs, which was readily demonstrated, appeared to be acute and self-limiting. Subclinical infections occurred in both inoculated and in-contact pigs. Respiratory and neurological disease was also produced in the cats, with recovery of virus from urine as well as from the oropharynx. The clinical and pathological syndrome induced by Nipah virus in cats was comparable with that associated with Hendra virus infection in this species, except that in fatal infection with Nipah virus there was extensive inflammation of the respiratory epithelium, associated with the presence of viral antigen. Viral shedding via the nasopharynx, as observed in pigs and cats in the present study, was not a regular feature of earlier reports of experimental Hendra virus infection in cats and horses. The findings indicate the possibility of field transmission of Nipah virus between pigs via respiratory and oropharyngeal secretions.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/patologia , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/veterinária , Paramyxovirinae/patogenicidade , Doenças dos Suínos/patologia , Animais , Doenças do Gato/imunologia , Doenças do Gato/virologia , Gatos , Feminino , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/virologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/patologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/veterinária , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/virologia , Testes de Neutralização/veterinária , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/patologia , Paramyxovirinae/imunologia , Paramyxovirinae/isolamento & purificação , Mucosa Respiratória/ultraestrutura , Mucosa Respiratória/virologia , Infecções Respiratórias/patologia , Infecções Respiratórias/veterinária , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Traqueia/patologia , Traqueia/virologiaRESUMO
A search for the natural host of Nipah virus has led to the isolation of a previously unknown member of the family Paramyxoviridae. Tioman virus (TiV) was isolated from the urine of fruit bats (Pteropus hypomelanus) found on the island of the same name off the eastern coast of peninsular Malaysia. An electron microscopic study of TiV-infected cells revealed spherical and pleomorphic-enveloped viral particles (100--500 nm in size) with a single fringe of embedded peplomers. Virus morphogenesis occurred at the plasma membrane of infected cells and morphological features of negative-stained ribonucleoprotein complexes were compatible with that of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae. Serological studies revealed no cross-reactivity with antibodies against a number of known Paramyxoviridae members except for the newly described Menangle virus (MenV), isolated in Australia in 1997. Failure of PCR amplification using MenV-specific primers suggested that this new virus is related to but different from MenV. For molecular characterization of the virus, a cDNA subtraction strategy was employed to isolate virus-specific cDNA from virus-infected cells. Complete gene sequences for the nucleocapsid protein (N) and phosphoprotein (P/V) have been determined and recombinant N and V proteins produced in baculovirus. The recombinant N and V proteins reacted with porcine anti-MenV sera in Western blot, confirming the serological cross-reactivity observed during initial virus characterization. The lack of a C protein-coding region in the P/V gene, the creation of P mRNA by insertion of 2-G residues, and the results of phylogenetic analyses all indicated that TiV is a novel member of the genus Rubulavirus.
Assuntos
Quirópteros/virologia , Infecções por Respirovirus/veterinária , Respirovirus/classificação , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Western Blotting , DNA Complementar , Malásia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo/química , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo/genética , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo/imunologia , Fosfoproteínas/química , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fosfoproteínas/imunologia , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Respirovirus/genética , Respirovirus/ultraestrutura , Infecções por Respirovirus/virologia , Urina/virologia , Proteínas Virais/química , Proteínas Virais/genética , Proteínas Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
The ultrastructure of Hendra and Nipah viruses is described in cultured cells, pigs, horses and humans. Differences in ultrastructure between the viruses are evident within infected cell cultures and lungs from infected amplifier hosts. These differences are important in viral identification and differentiation and understanding the pathogenesis of disease.
Assuntos
Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/virologia , Paramyxovirinae/ultraestrutura , Animais , Encéfalo/virologia , Células Cultivadas , Doenças dos Cavalos/virologia , Cavalos , Humanos , Pulmão/virologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/veterinária , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/virologiaRESUMO
A novel alphavirus was isolated from the louse Lepidophthirus macrorhini, collected from southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, on Macquarie Island, Australia. The virus displayed classic alphavirus ultrastructure and appeared to be serologically different from known Australasian alphaviruses. Nearly all Macquarie Island elephant seals tested had neutralizing antibodies against the virus, but no virus-associated pathology has been identified. Antarctic Division personnel who have worked extensively with elephant seals showed no serological evidence of exposure to the virus. Sequence analysis illustrated that the southern elephant seal (SES) virus segregates with the Semliki Forest group of Australasian alphaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of known alphaviruses suggests that alphaviruses might be grouped according to their enzootic vertebrate host class. The SES virus represents the first arbovirus of marine mammals and illustrates that alphaviruses can inhabit Antarctica and that alphaviruses can be transmitted by lice.