[Effects of iron ion additional introduction in radiation therapy of tumor-bearing animals].

The gender differences of the transplantable glioma-35 growth were revealed in tumor-bearing rats. The effect of mineral iron containing water (ICW) as drinking water was studied during radiation therapy (RT) in tumor bearing male rats. It was shown that ICW used separately had a weak anti cancer effect. The ICW use after irradiation caused no significant changes in hematological reactions as compared with RT only. The mineral water administration before irradiation resulted in the reduction of the supercoiled DNA index on the 1st and 21st day after irradiation, as well as in monocytopeny and a definite decrease in the tumor volume on the 21st day of the experiment as compared with control, which is associated with the ferroptosis effect of ICW. It was established that the reaction peculiarities of the blood DNA structure index in irradiated rats at the early stage of glioma growth may serve an express marker of the efficiency of RT.

[The age aspects of geomagnetic field action on the human].

The quantity of information about the influence of geomagnetic field (GMF) on human health increases. However, the age aspects of such influence still are of little studied. Earlier we suggested that GMF influence on reactions with such free radicals as nitric oxide (NO). It was shown that the content of NO in-exhaled air falls with age. As NO is one of the factors neutralizing the action of free radicals during background radiation, the possibility of organism to eliminate the sequences with age falls. It drives to accumulation of mistakes in genome and elderly diseases.

[The influence of circadian rhythms of geomagnetic field variations and the background cosmic radiation on nitric oxide production in human organism].

The circadian rhythms of background gamma-radiation and Ki-indexes of geomagnetic activity (GMF) during August-September 2008, January-February 2010 and March 2011 were studied. The authors show that in summer period the maximum of Ki-indexes and gamma-radiation were at 3 p.m. of local time. In winter these maximums were shifted at more last time. It was suggested that an organism produces the own free radicals as nitric oxide to neutralize radicals from background radiation. They are formed during decay of neutrophiles when GMF-activity falls. On the other side, the production of NO is regulated by melatonin synthesis which has a circadian rhythm.

[Effect of additional administration of ferric ion on the life span of irradiated animals].

There were established regularity of early biological reactions, restoration and life span shortening in rats after gamma-irradiation of animals with low (25 and 50 cGy) or 600 cGy doses in combination with various regimen of ferric ions introduction with drinking water (60-63 mg/l).

[The influence of ferromagnetic screening from natural electromagnetic fields on the hematological and toxicogenomic indexes in animals].

The aim of the study was to reveal during 45 days consequences of ferromagnetic screening (FS) on the hematological and toxicogenomic indexes in rats. An express-method of nucleiod DNA content in blood by help fluorescent indication was used for alive quantitative evaluation of the toxicogenomic effects. The FS for both gender rats during 48 hrs resulted in both decreased magnetic field by 4-10 microT1 and leucopenia by 14 day of experiment. The aneu-/polyploidy index in male leucocytes was increased by 48 hr of FS and lasted out to 12-28 days after the screen removal. The leukocyte apoptosis was enhanced in female in 48 hrs only after the FS start.

[Age diseases depending on geomagnetic field activity inside the womb period].

Between age diseases two are standing out: oncological and cardiovascular ones. They give a main contribution to mortality of the population. Those who avoid these diseases have a chance to live longer. The author suggests a hypothesis of one common factor, which deviation leads to oncology or cardiovascular illness. Such factor is a production of nitric oxide in the organism, which depends on the geomagnetic activity (GMA). At excess production of nitric oxide the risk of oncopathology (breast cancer, bladder and lung cancer and others) is increased. At low NO level in blood the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased. The ability of the organism to utilize the excess level of NO depends on GMA inside the womb period. The production of nitric oxide in the organism goes by different ways, including NO-synthase activity and destruction of neutrophiles, which depends on the GMA and sun activity.

[Effect of additional administration of iron ions on the efficacy of radiotherapy of glioma-bearing animals].

Our analysis failed to establish any antitumor effect of treatment of rats with transplantable glioma-35 with iron-containing mineral drinking water (ICMW). The latter treatment combined with irradiation (15 Gy) was followed by enhanced genotoxic effect in white blood cells. Post-irradiation administration of ICMW did not influence glioma growth significantly as compared with radiation alone. Pre- and post-iradiation drinking of ICMW resulted in marked leukopenia 24 hrs after exposure as well as to significant decrease in tumor size (20-40 days after of experiment) as compared with control.

[The evolutionary role of nitric oxide in circadian activity and defense of the organism from cosmic rays].

The cosmic rays are one of the constantly acting factors influencing on genetic apparatus and depending from sun activity, which have the circadian rhythm. The nature creates a number of mechanisms, which defend the organism from cosmic rays and free radicals as consequence. However, the malfunctions of these mechanisms damage the genetic apparatus, accelerate the aging and bring to a number of illnesses. It is supposed that to neutralise the free radicals as cosmic rays consequence the organism uses its own free radicals, which have the physiological functions, for example, the nitric oxide. To limit the nitric oxide production, the mechanism of melatonin formation is used, which has a circadian rhythm.

[Prediction of relapse-free period after radio- and chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer].

The study was carried out in 55 females with breast cancer stage III-IV, aged 35-77 yrs. The patients received radiation and standard courses of CMF, or CAF, or CMF+trastuzumab, or carboplatin+vepesid, or taxotere+epirubicin, or mustoforan. Radiation was administered in fractionated single focal doses of 3 Gy. S-index was determined before treatment started by an original short (ca. 4 hrs) method of evaluating apoptotic leukocyte DNA disintegration after ex vivo test irradiation as described by Ivanov S.D. et al., 2003. The index ranged 0.40-1.44 rel. units thus correlating with 2-100 month relapse-free period. Direct correlations were identified between S-index and relapse-free period for different regimens of radiochemotherapy. S-index level in excess of 0.95 involved relatively longer relapse-free survival. In summary, our method offers means of predicting the effectiveness of a particular regimen prior to treatment thus making individualization possible.

[Effect of geomagnetic field on leukocyte count in cancer patients. Role of nitric oxide].

Relationships were studied between leukocyte and neutrophil levels in patients with breast, bladder tumors and Hodgkin's disease and in healthy subjects, on the one hand, and geomagnetic field (GMF) status on the day before blood sampling, on the other. In breast and bladder cancer patients, both total leukocyte and absolute neutrophil counts increased when GMF was high. In the Hodgkin's disease group, that correlation was reversed. In healthy subjects, leukocyte levels decreased and those of neutrophils rose matching the rise in GMF activity, with absolute count of neutrophils being virtually unchanged. It was suggested that cancer patients suffered from an impairment in non-specific immunity caused by neutrophils being destroyed as nitric oxide (NO) was formed due to a drop in GMF intensity. A relationship between NO level in exhaled air and GMF status was identified.

[The influence of geomagnetic variations on the formation of nitric oxide in exhaled air in human].

The content of nitric oxide in exhaled air in healthy persons has been studied. It was shown that nitric oxide in exhaled air is formed from saliva nitrite due to the nitrite reductase activity of mouth cavity microflora. A relationship between the nitric oxide level and age, arterial pressure, and geomagnetic field indices was established. It was shown that the level of nitric oxide diminishes with age. A negative correlation between the nitric oxide content in exhaled air and arterial pressure (systolic and diastolic) was found. It was assumed that nitric oxide from the mouth can penetrate into the lungs and then to the blood where it can influence the vessel tonus. It was shown that the negative relationship took place between nitric oxide level in the air and Ki-indices of geomagnetic field on the day of measurement or the day preceding the measurement. The data obtained suggest that nitric oxide is involved in processes causing infarcts and insults in periods of magnetic storms.

[Geomagnetic field variations in the human prenatal period and cancer in adults].

Our earlier evidence pointed to a relationship between geomagnetic field (GMF) variations in pre- and early postnatal periods and appearance in the future of oncopathology in these patients. It appears to contribute to risk for such malignancies in adults as breast, lung, liver, bladder, kidney, prostate, hypophysis cancer, ovarian carcinoma, skin melanoma, Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma, and probably stomach cancer. No link was detected between esophageal, thyroid, colorectal cancer or cervical carcinoma, on the one hand, and GMF variations in prenatal period, on the other. It is suggested that low intensity of GMF is associated with increased death of macrophages and other granulocytes as well as nitric oxide formation both in fetal and maternal organism. The latter factor induces genes responsible for detoxication. In adults, under normal or disturbed GMF conditions, detoxication processes take care of excessive blood-nitric oxide. Both in fetus and mother, due to high GMF intensity, granulocyte decay is inhibited thus causing nitric oxide levels to fall. As a consequence, detoxication fails. That accounts for excessive blood-nitric oxide formation at adult stage when GMF intensity is low or normal. Nitric oxide causes certain nitrosamines to form, which are tissue-specific carcinogens. Therefore, the lower level of GMF oscillations was in pre- and early postnatal periods than in more late terms tumors appeared (for example, the negative correlation for breast cancer took place).

[Smoking affects metal-ecotoxicant accumulation and genotoxic reactions in leukocytes].

The investigation was concerned with the influence of smoking on manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) content in the blood of metropolitan groups of varying age as well as on genotoxic reactions in leukocytes after test irradiation ex vivo. The study involved 325 inhabitants of St.Petersburg, aged 10-90 years. Venous blood was assayed for metal ecotoxicant content using standard AAS-flame method and DNA leukocyte decay following test irradiation (2Gy) ex vivo. Aging was shown to involve a sequence of consistently rising metal levels: Cd - Mn Pb. Relative accumulation of Pb was greater in males while that of Mn - in females. The rates of Cd, Mn, Pb accumulation in smokers were higher than in non-smokers. Smoking promoted genotoxic response to testing exposure which induced Cd-related disturbances of DHA repair system in males. Among smoking females, risk of adverse effects rose as a result of concurrent action of the genotoxic factor. It was also evident among female non-smokers when radiation was used in conjunction with enhanced concentrations of Mn and Cd. Hence, correlations between smoking and Cd, Mn, Pb accumulation, on the one hand, and Cd-related accumulation and enhanced genotoxic response in leukocytes, on the other, were established. It is likely that carcinogenic risk of tobacco smoking should be accounted for by both mere presence of a carcinogenic agent and its potential to promote Cd level thus inhibiting withdrawal of carcinogenic DNA adducts from the cellular genome.

[Prognosis of efficacy of organ-saving treatment of invasive bladder cancer].

It is suggested that Scr-index for radiation-induced apoptosis in leukocytes in vitro be determined prior to combined therapy of urinary bladder cancer in order to estimate its efficacy. It was identified by studying leukocytes of peripheral blood from patients in whony white blood cells DNA level decreased after exposure to 2 Gy and 3-hr incubation at 37 degrees C. Values over 1.0 predicted relatively longer relapse-free survival. Scr-index of over 1.20 pointed to an insignificant decrease in leukocyte count during therapy. When it ranged 1.00-0.75, leukocyte count fell by approximately 25%; S(cr)-index below 0.55 indicated grade III blood poisoning.

[Pre- and early natal exposure to geomagnetic field as risk for melanoma and basal cell skin tumors].

Histories of 173 male and female patients with melanoma and basal cell skin tumors (BCST) were followed to elucidate the influence of pre- and early natal exposure to geomagnetic field (GMF) on future incidence of cancer. A positive correlation was established between exposure to GMF during critical months of prenatal period, on the one hand, and melanoma detection, on the other. However, a similar correlation involving BCST was inverse which suggests a difference in the etiologies. Tumor regression coefficients which link total Ki-indices for critical months of pre- and early natal exposure with tumor detection time are presented.

[Vilon effect on consequences of repeated radioactive and mercuric impact in small doses].

The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of vilon administration in rats after reiterated exposure to ecotoxicants (mercury in concentration near to maximum allowable one and gamma-radiation in small dose). In 24 hours after repeated radioactive and mercuric impact (RMI) and for 30 consecutive days the animals reported lymphopenia. At the same time the indices of DNA leucocytes content and structure did not differ from the parameters of intact animals, this could evidence the development of adaptation reactions. Vilon administration led to the normalization of the lymphocytes number by the 30th day after repeated irradiation (contrary to the radioactive- chemical control), while the number of granulocytes in the test group was higher than that in the intact control group. Study of the survival rate in rats revealed that Vilon reduced morbidity of rats in the course of 15 months after RMI.

[The hemathological reactions in rats after partial screening from natural electromagnetic fields].

The influence of partial screening of EMF on the composition of white blood cells was studied in the experiments on rats. Two kinds of copper rings were used in these experiments: individual for each rat and common for the cage. It was shown that inside the ring the composition of blood cells was changed--in 3-5 hours the number of granulocytes increased and in 24 hours it restored to the initial level. The effect was more expressive in the experiments using individual rings. In control groups the experiment with plastic rings didn't reveal this effect. It was presumed that EMF prevented the decay of granulocytes. It leads to the increase of their guantity. It was revealed that there was a positive correlation between Ki-indexes of geomagnetic field (GMF) in 1-2 days before the experiments and the number of granulocytes in rats during 1995-2002. Ki-indexes reflect the degree of GMF disturbance. During magnetic storms the spreading of EMF in radio-frequency range changes. It was presumed that the effect of partial screening of EMF of rats and the activity of magnetic storms are similar in their influence on the composition of white blood cells of rats.

[Influence of cultivation conditions on bacterial DNA content and bacterial membrane permeability].

The study included measurement of intracellular and extracellular DNA content and evaluation of bacterial membrane condition during plankton growth and in isolated communities. This was performed at different stages of bacterial development and after heating at the temperature of heat shock system activation. The content of intracellular bacterial DNA in the community decreased after 72 hours of cultivation growth more prominently than during plankton growth. Change of intracellular bacterial DNA content in the community overtook the increase of membrane permeability, which may indicate the onset of apoptosis. Heating at 420' decreased the permeability of bacterial membranes in the community, but did not affect this parameter in the bacteria during plankton growth. Extracellular DNA was found in the matrix of the communities after 24 hours of growth. Appearance of this DNA after 48-74 hours of cultivation may be associated with apoptotic process.