[The use of the combined food products with soy protein in diet therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2]. / Ispol'zovanie kombinirovannykh produktov s vkliucheniem soevogo belka v dietoterapii bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa.

It was investigated the influence of a diet containing 60, 30 or 45 g/day soy protein on clinic-metabolic parameters and nitrogen balance status in type 2 diabetic patients. As source of soy protein was used combined products containing soy protein (Aarhus Olie, Denmark)--oatmeal and buckwheat porridges, biscuits, soy beverage and concentrate of soy protein (Danpro-S). The results of investigations indicated that increase in diet the quality of soy protein up 60 g accompanied reduce of basal levels of glycemia and triglyceridemia. In including in diet 30 g soy protein was noted reduce the content of total cholesterol in blood serum and stabilization of the hypoglycemic effect of diet. Balance study indicated that the protein providing in all levels of substitution of the traditional source of protein in products containing soy protein was adequate.

[New extrusion products in diet therapy of diseases of internal organs]. / Novye ékstruzionnye produkty v dietoterapii nekotorykh zabolevanii vnutrennikh organov.

Therapeutic effectiveness of 3 new extrusion foods was studied in control conditions of clinic of Institute of nutrition RAMS. The foods were produced by Institute of meat industry RAS on basis of meat resources and wheat brans. The samples of extrusion foods were differed by contents of protein (17-23 g%) and dietary fibers (up to 10%) and used in therapeutic diet for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It was shown that of all three extrusion foods caused decreasing of dyspeptic symptoms during first week of intake and normalisation of intestinal functions without using of laxatives unlike of control group of patients eating standard diabetic diet. It was shown also a decreasing of cholesterol in blood serum of patients received of extrusion foods No 1 and No 3. These samples are recommended for diet therapy and preventive nutrition of patients with metabolic disorders and hypomotoricity of intestinal tract as resources of dietary fibers and protein.

[Use of Jerusalem artichokes in diet therapy of patients with type II diabetes mellitus]. / K voprosu o primenenii topinambura v dietoterapii bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom II tipa.

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the therapeutic and preventive actions of topinambur included in controlled diet for patients with II type diabetes. 35 patients aged 46-58 years suffering diabetes mellitus during 3-10 years have been under study. All patients receiving the diet N9 were randomly divided on two groups with (experimental group) and without (control group) consumption of topinambur. The mashed topinambur (100 g/day for second breakfast) and cookies with topinambur (50 g/day) were used in experimental diet during 4 weeks. It was shown that experimental diet containing topinambur caused slight increasing of postprandial hyperglycemia. In patients eating experimental diet with reduced caloric contents an increasing of serum blood triglyceride level was observed. The results do not give background to recommend topinambur in dietary treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

[Effect of soybean protein isolate on energy substrate oxidation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Vliianie izoliata soevogo belka na okislenie énergosubstratov u bol'nykh insulinzavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

Using indirect colorimetry, the authors demonstrated disordered energy metabolism at rest in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with a moderate decompensation of metabolism: carbohydrate oxidation was reduced and fat and protein oxidation increased, this being aimed at maintenance of the basic metabolism within the normal range under conditions of insulin insufficiency. Improvement of common parameters of compensation during optimization of insulin therapy and therapeutic diets was associated with approximation of substrate oxidation structure and energetic structure of a diet, as well as with increased production of useful energy coupled with reduced oxygen consumption. Moreover, a positive correlation between insulin level and carbohydrate oxidation rate was revealed. Analysis of the effects of qualitative composition of protein showed a more rapid improvement of metabolism during metabolic diet, whereas during therapy with diets including soybean protein increase of metabolism efficacy is more manifest. Bioenergetic parameters may be used as criteria of the efficacy of IDDM treatment. Changes in these parameters not always correlate with the time course of routine criteria of compensation and provide supplementary information on a patient's metabolic status.

[The potentials of indirect calorimetry in the differential assessment of the metabolic status of obese patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus]. / Vozmozhnosti nepriamoi kalorimetrii v differentsirovannoi otsenke metabolicheskogo statusa bol'nykh insulinnezavisimym sakharnym diabetom tuchnykh.

Twenty-one obese patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, 16 female and 5 male ones, were fed similar isocaloric rations, differing only by the share of substitution of the traditional protein products (0%, 60%, 30%, 45%) in the Danpro-S, Danpro-Fibre soybean protein concentrate. The parameters tested were daily glycemia, C-peptides, blood hydrocortisone, and urinary excretion of nitrous metabolites. Indirect calorimetry was used to assess the protein, fat, and carbohydrate oxidation rates at rest. Addition of proteins of a plant origin to the diets of such patients was associated with significant changes of the energy metabolism at rest at the expense of increased oxidation of carbohydrates and reduced protein catabolism, that may be regarded as a favorable effect. In this patient population a 30% soybean diet brings about an almost maximal positive effect in patients with the first degree of obesity, whereas in those with the second degree of obesity such effect is attained by the 45% soybean diet.

[Preparation and clinical trial of new dried balanced food products "Unipit" for total restorative nutrition]. / Razrabotka i klinicheskie ispytaniia novykh sukhikh sbalansirovannykh produktov "Unipit" dlia polnogo vosstanovitel'nogo pitaniia.

Designs of 2 types of dried balanced food mixtures ("Unipit-1" and "Unipit-2") intended for complete recovery nutrition of patients with retained and disordered digestive function have been validated. The chemical composition of these products has been presented. The results of clinical trials have proved the high therapeutic effectiveness of "Unipit-1" and "Unipit-2" in rehabilitation of neurosurgical patients.

[An experimental study of the biological value of milk proteins with differing ratios of casein and blood proteins]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie biologicheskoi tsennosti molochnykh belkov s razlichnymi sootnosheniiami kazeina i syvorotochnykh belkov.

To improve amino acid composition and to rise the sum of sulfur-containing amino acids, 5 samples of milk protein with varying ratios of casein and serum proteins (24:76; 45:55; 61:39; 73:27; 94:6) were prepared with the use of the membrane technology under conditions of experimental production. Biological experiments conducted with the use of "growth" and "balance" methods have shown a rise of biological value with the increasing of serum protein share reaching its maximum value at a ratio of 61:39. Further elevation of the serum protein share (73:27; 94:6) led to a decrease of biological value. Advantages are stressed of the membrane technology in the production of high-quality milk products.

[Prospects of using new low-calorie products based on a soybean protein isolate in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases]. / Perspektiva ispol'zovaniia novykh nizkokaloriinykh produktov na osnove izoliata soevogo belka v profilaktike i lechenii obmennykh zabolevanii.

In an experiment on 14 clinically healthy volunteers (12 women and 2 men) a study was made of the tolerance, assimilation and metabolic effectiveness of high-protein low-calorie food products in dietetic correction of excessive body mass. It has been noted that using soybean protein isolate as a component of low-calorie food is promising.

[The role of soy protein in the diet therapy of patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Rol' soevogo belka v dietoterapii bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

The dynamics of blood lipid values, activity of the kallikrein-kinin system and immunologic responsiveness were studied in coronary patients (males aged 43-56 years) who had survived myocardial infarction, during dietotherapy with rations in which 2/3, 1/3 and 1/2 protein were sequentially substituted for soybean protein. The hypocholesterolemic action of soybean protein correlated with its content in the ration, the kallikrein and prekallikrein levels in the blood serum rose simultaneously with a tendency to decrease in the tryptic and to increase in the inhibitory activity of the blood, positive shifts in the cellular immunity were recorded in the patients followed up during dietotherapy.

[Clinical study of the assimilation, tolerance and metabolic effectiveness of protein products combined with a soybean isolate]. / Klinicheskoe izuchenie usvoiaemosti, perenosimosti i metabolicheskoi effektivnosti kombinirovannykh belkovykh produktov s izoliatom soi.

Combined product containing soybean isolate 500E (produced by "Ralston Purine Company", USA) were clinically used in 16 patients with hyperlipidemia, type II. The results obtained evidenced a high assimilability (95.5-95.9%) and pronounced hupocholesterolemic effect of the soybean isolate when it was used as a substitute for 2/3 or 1/2 protein volume in the ration.

[Clinico-experimental approaches to studying the hypocholesteremic action of soy proteins]. / Kliniko-éksperimental'nye podkhody k izucheniiu gipokholesterinemicheskogo deistviia belkov soi.

The effect of diets containing soybean proteins substituting a significant portion of meat proteins was studied in patients with hyperlipidemia, type IIa, and in experiments on rats. It was found that soybean proteins included into the diet induced blood plasma amino acid imbalance, changed the excretion of some amino acids with urine, and significantly diminished the blood plasma cholesterol level. In the experiments on rats a reduced rate was noted in the low-density lipoprotein apoprotein formation and high-density lipoprotein apoprotein regeneration in the blood plasma. It is suggested that the hypocholesterolemic effect of soybean proteins is caused by decreased apoprotein E synthesis and metabolism due to low levels of blood plasma lysine and arginine.

[Effectiveness of tube feeding in neurosurgical patients]. / Otsenka éffektivnosti zondovogo pitaniia u neiroreanimatsionnykh bol'nykh.

The results of the early use of gastrogavage in 24 neuroresuscitation patients are analysed. The dosage of the feeding and control over its efficacy was exercised by means of appraising energy expenditures and their structure with the use of indirect calorimetry as well as according to the nitrous balance data, biochemical criteria of the alimentary status, and the total lymphocyte count. It is shown that neuroresuscitation patients manifested appreciable changes in energy expenditures and their structure as well. It is fairly embarrassing to meet the energy requirements of such patients with the aid of the routine hospital diet. The early use of gastrogavage with the aid of dry, readily reducible mixtures of the Ensure type, that meet the neuroresuscitation patients' requirements, make intensive care more efficacious.

[Levels of the individual complement components in the blood serum of volunteers on diets with a various levels of optimal protein composition]. / Soderzhanie otdel'nykh komponentov komplementa v syvorotke krovi dobrovol'tsev, potrebliavshikh ratsiony s razlichnym urovnem optimal'nykh belkovykh kompozitsii.

Protein fractions of complement (C3, C4, C5 and C9) and the control protein Ct-inhibitor) were studied in blood serum of practically healthy men placed on the diet marked by protein deficiency. It was noted that C3 and C9 were particularly sensitive to protein deficiency in the diet (5 to 8.2 g/day according to nitrogen), with the titers of these fractions being low.

[Cellular and humoral immunity of volunteers consuming diets with various protein levels]. / Kletochnyi i gumoral'nyi immunitet u dobrovol'tsev, potrebliavshikh ratsiony s razlichnym urovnem belka.

Eight male volunteers were examined for the functions of T and B lymphocytes (blast transformation reaction, leukocyte migration inhibition test, lymphocyte cytotoxicity, suppressor activity, measurement of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE in blood serum, and concentration of natural staphylococcal antibodies) in the background of varying protein supply of the body. Reduction of the protein quota (5 to 9 g/day according to nitrogen) in the diet led to inhibition of the activity of immunocompetent cells.

[Determination of acute-inflammatory-phase proteins in the blood serum of volunteers consuming diets with various protein levels consisting of optimum protein constituents]. / Opredelenie nekotorykh belkov ostroi fazy vospaleniia v syvorotke krovi dobrovol'tsev, potrebliavshikh ratsiony s razlichnym urovnem belka v sostave optimal'nykh belkovykh kompozitsii.

The immunodiffusion technique was employed to study the blood serum content of acute inflammation phase reactants (transferrin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, orosomucoid, haptoglobin, albumin and prealbumin) in 8 practically healthy men in the background of insufficient protein supply to the body. It was established that reduction of protein quota in the diet to 5.0-8.2 g/day (according to nitrogen) led to a decrease in the concentration of transferrin, ceruloplasmin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, albumin and prealbumin. It is concluded that reduction in the titers of the study proteins under protein deficiency may bring about the loss or weakening of the important components of the body defense, which are mediated by the above-mentioned protein structures.

[Substantiation of an optimal protein quota in the diet of patients with chronic pancreatitis based on the study of nitrogen balance]. / Obosnovanie optimal'noi kvoty belka v ratsione bol'nykh khronicheskim pancreatitom po dannym issledovanii azotistogo balansa.

Based on nitrogenous balance studies performed under the clinical conditions in patients with chronic pancreatitis given the diet with different protein content (80, 120 and 150 g/day) it is recommended that the optimal protein quota should be equal to 114-120 g/day in the diets intended for patients' population in question.

[Experimental evaluation of the biological effectiveness of partially hydrolyzed soy and casein proteins]. / Eksperimental'naia ostenka biologicheskoi éffektivnosti chastichno gidrolizovannykh belkov soi i kazeina.

The tolerance and assimilability of protein hydrolysates of soybean and casein were studied and compared in 11 volunteers. Both proteins appeared to be highly effective, the tolerance of soybean hydrolysate being slightly worse in individual subjects.