RESUMO
In recent years, it has been identified that excess iron contributes to the development of various pathologies and their complications. Kidney diseases do not escape the toxic effects of iron, and ferroptosis is identified as a pathophysiological mechanism that could be a therapeutic target to avoid damage or progression of kidney disease. Ferroptosis is cell death associated with iron-dependent oxidative stress. To study the effects of iron overload (IOL) in the kidney, numerous animal models have been developed. The methodological differences between these models should reflect the IOL-generating mechanisms associated with human IOL diseases. A careful choice of animal model should be considered for translational purposes.
Assuntos
Ferroptose , Sobrecarga de Ferro , Animais , Humanos , Rim , Ferro , Modelos AnimaisRESUMO
Although zoos are committed to wildlife conservation and have a long-term positive impact on visitors' attitudes towards wildlife, the question of whether maintaining wild animals in human care is justified remains as animal welfare concerns grow and human understanding of animal intelligence and capacities broadens. Zoos have always been the subject of debate, with conflicts between those who argue they save endangered species and educate visitors, and animal rights activists who believe that conditions of wild animals are inadequate and that zoos should not exist. In this review, we do not discuss the moral side of the issue, but the scientific one. This manuscript aims to show the scope of literature available on the strengths and weaknesses of modern zoos regarding wild animal welfare. We provide information useful to argue why zoos are important in modern society and factors that influence welfare are examined. Some potentially stressful stimuli may diminish animal welfare in zoo animals, while some of the benefits zoos offer to conservation and science include the opportunity to study and learn about different aspects necessary to improve management practices; the possibility of breeding wild animals in zoos has been a key factor in the recovery of species that have improved their conservation status. Animal welfare is an essential part of wildlife conservation, so efforts should be directed to ensure the best possible quality of life and optimum conditions of all zoo animals in our care.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Comportamento Animal/ética , Comportamento Animal/fisiologiaRESUMO
Although zoos are committed to wildlife conservation and have a long-term positive impact on visitors' attitudes towards wildlife, the question of whether maintaining wild animals in human care is justified remains as animal welfare concerns grow and human understanding of animal intelligence and capacities broadens. Zoos have always been the subject of debate, with conflicts between those who argue they save endangered species and educate visitors, and animal rights activists who believe that conditions of wild animals are inadequate and that zoos should not exist. In this review, we do not discuss the moral side of the issue, but the scientific one. This manuscript aims to show the scope of literature available on the strengths and weaknesses of modern zoos regarding wild animal welfare. We provide information useful to argue why zoos are important in modern society and factors that influence welfare are examined. Some potentially stressful stimuli may diminish animal welfare in zoo animals, while some of the benefits zoos offer to conservation and science include the opportunity to study and learn about different aspects necessary to improve management practices; the possibility of breeding wild animals in zoos has been a key factor in the recovery of species that have improved their conservation status. Animal welfare is an essential part of wildlife conservation, so efforts should be directed to ensure the best possible quality of life and optimum conditions of all zoo animals in our care.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Comportamento Animal/ética , Comportamento Animal/fisiologiaRESUMO
Although zoos are committed to wildlife conservation and have a long-term positive impact on visitors' attitudes towards wildlife, the question of whether maintaining wild animals in human care is justified remains as animal welfare concerns grow and human understanding of animal intelligence and capacities broadens. Zoos have always been the subject of debate, with conflicts between those who argue they save endangered species and educate visitors, and animal rights activists who believe that conditions of wild animals are inadequate and that zoos should not exist. In this review, we do not discuss the moral side of the issue, but the scientific one. This manuscript aims to show the scope of literature available on the strengths and weaknesses of modern zoos regarding wild animal welfare. We provide information useful to argue why zoos are important in modern society and factors that influence welfare are examined. Some potentially stressful stimuli may diminish animal welfare in zoo animals, while some of the benefits zoos offer to conservation and science include the opportunity to study and learn about different aspects necessary to improve management practices; the possibility of breeding wild animals in zoos has been a key factor in the recovery of species that have improved their conservation status. Animal welfare is an essential part of wildlife conservation, so efforts should be directed to ensure the best possible quality of life and optimum conditions of all zoo animals in our care.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Animais , Comportamento Animal/ética , Comportamento Animal/fisiologiaRESUMO
RESUMEN. El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje hace prioritario valorar las experiencias y perspectivas de los actores involucrados, para ello, es necesario promover la dialogicidad entre estudiantes y docentes, como una actividad de retroalimentación que oriente a la reflexión y análisis en busca de la adaptación y mejora del mismo. El objetivo del estudio fue valorar la práctica educativa sustentada en el enfoque de pensamiento complejo, a partir de la perspectiva estudiantil. El presente trabajo muestra los datos obtenidos a partir de sistematización de experiencias académicas desarrollada con 23 estudiantes del segundo semestre de Licenciatura en Educación Física, con respecto, al primer objeto de estudio del proyecto formativo implementado que atiende la asignatura Bases Psicopedagógicas en el semestre enero-junio 2018, para lo cual se atendieron tres fases procedimentales: reconstrucción, interpretación y potenciación de la experiencia. Haciendo uso de la videograbación y observación participante, se analizó como unidad de observación al pensamiento complejo y como unidades de análisis 1. La planeación analítica de clase compuesta por 2. Estrategias docentes innovadoras y 3. La metodología de evaluación. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes manifiestan interés y motivación por las unidades de análisis 2 y 3, expresando que les favorecen las clases dinámicas y la valoración de su trabajo con un carácter formativo y no memorístico. En cuanto a la unidad de observación 1, manifestaron un dominio limitado acerca de la propuesta presentada por la docente. Se rescata su interés y satisfacción porque las asignaturas teóricas los sitúen en su realidad laboral.
ABSTRACT. In the teaching-learning process it becomes a priority to assess the experiences and perspectives of the actors involved, for this it is necessary to promote dialogue between students and teachers, as a feedback activity that guides reflection and analysis in search of adaptation and of the improvement of it. The objective was to assess the educational practice based on the complex thinking approach from the student perspective. The present work shows the data obtained from Systematization of Academic Experiences developed with 23 students of the second semester of the Degree in Physical Education, with respect to the first object of study of the formative project implemented that attends the subject Psychopedagogical Bases in the semester January -June 2018, for which three procedural phases were attended: reconstruction, interpretation and enhancement of the experience. Using video recording and participant observation, it was analyzed as a unit of observation to complex thinking and as units of analysis 1.The analytical class planning, 2. The teaching strategies implemented and 3. The evaluation methodology. The results show that the students express interest and motivation for the analysis units 2 and 3, expressing that they favor dynamic classes and the valuation of their work with a formative and non-memorial character. Regarding the observation unit 1, they expressed limited mastery of the proposal presented by the teacher. Their interest and satisfaction are rescued because the theoretical subjects place them in their work reality.
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação Física e Treinamento , Estudantes , Retroalimentação , Ensino , Pesquisa Qualitativa , AprendizagemRESUMO
ABSTRACT As palatability of medical formulas has been documented as unpleasant, new options are required to improve acceptance and adherence in people with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). Miracle fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) has a glycoprotein named miraculin that transforms a sour, bitter taste such as the one found in metabolic formula, into a sweet perception. The objective of this work is to analyze the response in the taste perception of metabolic formula with the use of the miraculin tablets in patients with IEM and healthy adults. To test this hypothesis a prospective, longitudinal, quasi-experimental, analytical study was performed. Patients with IEM and healthy adults were recruited. All participants assessed 3 different liquids (lemon, apple cider vinegar and metabolic formula) before and after the administration of miraculin tablets and completed a questionnaire. The sensory responses were evaluated using hedonic scales, analyzed with nonparametric tests for paired data. Seven patients with IEM and 14 healthy subjects were included. After miraculin intake 57% of patients (Z ≤ -1.89 p= 0.059) and healthy adults (Z≤ -2.31 p= 0.021) had a positive change in their taste perception. The absolute frequency of patients who did not like the metabolic formula decreased from 4 to 1, and in patients who liked it or loved, it increased from 0 to 2 and from 0 to 1 respectively; the frequency of patients who perceived the metabolic formula as indifferent or hated it, did not change. Response in taste perception had a positive change of 57% in both groups. The use of miraculin tablets may improve palatability of metabolic formula.
RESUMEN La palatabilidad de las fórmulas médicas se ha reportado como desagradable, se requieren nuevas opciones para mejorar la aceptación en personas con errores innatos del metabolismo (EIM). La fruta milagrosa (Synsepalum dulcificum) contiene una glucoproteína llamada miraculina que transforma el sabor agrio y amargo en dulce. El objetivo fue analizar la respuesta en la percepción del sabor de la fórmula metabólica con el uso de las tabletas de miraculina en pacientes con EIM y adultos sanos. Se realizó un estudio analítico prospectivo, longitudinal, cuasi-experimental. Los participantes evaluaron la percepción de 3 líquidos (limón, vinagre de manzana y fórmula metabólica) antes y después de la administración de tabletas de miraculina y completaron un cuestionario. Las respuestas sensoriales se evaluaron mediante escalas hedónicas, analizadas con pruebas no paramétricas para datos pareados. Se incluyeron 7 pacientes con EIM y 14 adultos sanos. Después de la miraculina el 57% de los pacientes (Z ≤ -1,89 p= 0,059) y adultos sanos (Z≤ -2,31 p= 0,021) tuvieron un cambio positivo en su percepción del sabor. La frecuencia absoluta de pacientes a los que no les gustó la fórmula disminuyó de 4 a 1, y en quienes les gustó o les encantó, aumentó de 0 a 2 y de 0 a 1 respectivamente; la frecuencia de los pacientes que percibieron la fórmula como indiferente u odiada, no cambió. La respuesta en la percepción del sabor cambió positivamente en el 57% en ambos grupos. El uso de miraculina puede mejorar la palatabilidad de la fórmula metabólica.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Biotransformação , Synsepalum , Percepção Gustatória , Frutas , Aminoácidos , Erros Inatos do MetabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a genetically determined human metabolic disease, characterized by deficient activity of the mitochondrial enzyme, methylmalonyl CoA mutase (MCM). This enzyme catalyzes the isomerization of L-methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA and requires adenosylcobalamin as cofactor. Several mutations have been identified in the unique genetic locus encoding the MCM apoenzyme (mut) which causes MMA. AIM: To identify the mutations present in Mexican patients diagnosed with MMA. RESULTS: Complete nucleotide sequencing of mut gene exons of 10 Mexican patients with methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) identified one novel mutation and eight mutations previously reported in the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mut) gene. The new mutation c.406G > T (p.V136F) was found in one patient combined with the deletion c.1891delG (p.A631QfsX17). The missense mutation c.322C > T (p.R108C) was found in six non-related patients; in addition, the mutations c.ins671-678dupAATTTATG (p.V227NfsX16), c.682C > T (p.R228X), c1022-1023dupA (p. N341KfsX20), c.1846C > T (p.R616C), c.2080C > T (p.R694W), and c.385+3insTAAGGGT (splice) were found. This work reveals that Mexican patients with MMA have new (p.V136F) as well as worldwide and hispanic reported mutations. The mutation R108C is the most frequent change (40% of total alleles) mainly in patients from León, Guanajuato.
Assuntos
Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/genética , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Metilmalonil-CoA Mutase/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to identify changes of the vaginalepithelium in Mexican hairless sows, which ovulated during lactation,caused by the effect of the boar presence and the litter withdrawal.In order to determine the oestrus stage, an exfoliative vaginal cytologyand 17β estradiol and progesterone determinations were carried outon the 8 day after the onset of lactation out accompanied withbehaviour observations. Four groups of sows were used: Group 1was not stimulated; Group 2, remained with the boar; Group 3 wasseparated from its litter for 4 h and Group 4 got both stimuli. Vaginalsmear samples were collected every 24 h. for 5 days after stimulus.An ANOVA statistical analysis was performed for repetitive samplesduring the 5 days of the test. Stimuli used in group 4 caused significantmodifications (P< 0·001) when compared to Groups 1, 2 y 3. Estradiollevels were higher than 30 pg/ml in Group 4 on day 10 post partumand 4.5 ng/ml of progesterone on day 11 and 12 post partum. It wasevident that 100% of the sows in Groups 1, 2 and 3 did not showoestral activity when relating vaginal cytology with the oestral behaviourand hormone determination of the lactating sows, whereas 100% ofthe sows in group 4 presented oestrus 72 h. after the stimulus andovulated 24 to 36 h after the oestrus onset, this was corroborated byestradiol and progesterone determinations, respectively. (AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar mudanças do epitélio vaginal em fêmeas de "Cerdo Pelón Mexicano", que ovularam durante o lactação, estágio causado pelo efeito da presença de macho e retirada da leitegada. A avaliação do estro foi feita através de citologia de raspado vaginal, observação do comportamento das fêmeas e por determinação de 17 ß estradiol e de progesterona no 8º dia após o início de lactação. Foram formados quatro grupos de fêmeas: Grupo 1 não sofreu estímulo; Grupo 2 permaneceu com o macho; Grupo 3 foi separado sua leitegada por 4 h e grupo 4 recebeu ambos estímulos. Amostras de raspado vaginal foram coletadas a cada 24 horas durante 5 dias após o estímulo. ANOVA para amostras repetidas foi realizada durante os 5 dias do teste. O estímulo utilizado no Grupo 4 causou modificações significativas (P < 0·001) quando comparado aos Grupos 1, 2 e 3. Os níveis de estradiol foram mais altos que 30 pg/ml no Grupo 4 no 10º dia pós parto e 4.5 ng/ml de progesterona nos 11º e 12º dias pós parto. Ficou evidente que 100% das fêmeas nos Grupos 1, 2 e 3 não mostraram atividade de estro quando foi relacionado citologia vaginal com o comportamento estral e determinação hormonal da fase de lactação das fêmeas, ao passo que 100% das fêmeas no Grupo 4 apresentaram estro 72 horas após os estímulos e ovularam 24 a 36 horas do início do cio, o que foi comprovado pela determinações de estradiol e progesterona, respectivamente. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Estro , Ovulação , Esfregaço Vaginal/métodos , Estradiol/análise , Progesterona/análise , SuínosRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar mudanças do epitélio vaginal em fêmeas de Cerdo Pelón Mexicano, que ovularam durante o lactação, estágio causado pelo efeito da presença de macho e retirada da leitegada. A avaliação do estro foi feita através de citologia de raspado vaginal, observação do comportamento das fêmeas e por determinação de 17 ß estradiol e de progesterona no 8° dia após o início de lactação. Foram formados quatro grupos de fêmeas: Grupo 1 não sofreu estímulo; Grupo 2 permaneceu com o macho; Grupo 3 foi separado sua leitegada por 4 h e grupo 4 recebeu ambos estímulos. Amostras de raspado vaginal foram coletadas a cada 24 horas durante 5 dias após o estímulo. ANOVA para amostras repetidas foi realizada durante os 5 dias do teste. O estímulo utilizado no Grupo 4 causou modificações significativas (P < 0 001) quando comparado aos Grupos 1, 2 e 3. Os níveis de estradiol foram mais altos que 30 pg/ml no Grupo 4 no 10° dia pós parto e 4.5 ng/ ml de progesterona nos 11 ° e 12° dias pós parto. Ficou evidente que 100% das fêmeas nos Grupos 1,2 e 3 não mostraram atividade de estro quando foi relacionado citologia vaginal com o comportamento estral e determinação hormonal da fase de lactação das fêmeas, ao passo que 100% das fêmeas no Grupo 4 apresentaram estro 72 horas após os estímulos e ovularam 24 a 36 horas do início do cio, o que foi comprovado pela determinações de estradiol e progesterona, respectivamente.
Assuntos
Animais , Estro , Esfregaço Vaginal/métodos , Estradiol/análise , Ovulação , Progesterona/análise , SuínosRESUMO
La autoeficacia o juicio autoreferido es la capacidad para llevar a cabo una conducta o acción concreta, es un término utilizado en los últimos tiempos en la educación para la salud. Se realizo revisión bibliográfica del término asociándolo a la deshabituación tabáquica y el papel jugado por la enfermera para aumentar la autoeficacia en sus pacientes. Se hizo un estudio piloto de corte transversal, donde se aplicó una escala de medición de autoeficacia percibida a 51 pacientes dispuestos a dejar de fumar. El estudio se realizó en el consultorio del médico y enfermera de familia número 36 del policlínico 28 de septiembre del municipio Santiago de Cuba. Los pacientes se siguieron por 3 meses y se encontró que los 31 fumadores que tuvieron mayor autoeficacia se mantuvieron con más alta tasa de abstinencia que los 20 que tuvieron más baja puntuación. Se hace resalta la estrategia que puede desarrollar la enfermera para elevar la autoeficacia en la atención primaria de salud. Se demostró como el nivel de autoeficacia percibida predijo la posibilidad de éxito de abstinencia demostrándose que a mayor nivel de autoeficacia mayor porcentaje de abstinencia. Los resultados confirmaron el papel tan importante de educadora que tiene la enfermera para lograr que el paciente se sienta motivado, aconsejado, sensibilizado y capaz de dejar el habito de fumar(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Autoeficácia , Educação em Saúde , Tabagismo/prevenção & controle , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Abandono do Uso de Tabaco , Abandono do Uso de Tabaco , Papel do Profissional de EnfermagemRESUMO
La autoeficacia o juicio autoreferido es la capacidad para llevar a cabo una conducta o acción concreta, es un término utilizado en los últimos tiempos en la educación para la salud. Se realizo revisión bibliográfica del término asociándolo a la deshabituación tabáquica y el papel jugado por la enfermera para aumentar la autoeficacia en sus pacientes. Se hizo un estudio piloto de corte transversal, donde se aplicó una escala de medición de autoeficacia percibida a 51 pacientes dispuestos a dejar de fumar. El estudio se realizó en el consultorio del médico y enfermera de familia número 36 del policlínico 28 de septiembre del municipio Santiago de Cuba. Los pacientes se siguieron por 3 meses y se encontró que los 31 fumadores que tuvieron mayor autoeficacia se mantuvieron con más alta tasa de abstinencia que los 20 que tuvieron más baja puntuación. Se hace resalta la estrategia que puede desarrollar la enfermera para elevar la autoeficacia en la atención primaria de salud. Se demostró como el nivel de autoeficacia percibida predijo la posibilidad de éxito de abstinencia demostrándose que a mayor nivel de autoeficacia mayor porcentaje de abstinencia. Los resultados confirmaron el papel tan importante de educadora que tiene la enfermera para lograr que el paciente se sienta motivado, aconsejado, sensibilizado y capaz de dejar el habito de fumar(AU)
The autoeficacia or trial autoreferido is the capacity to carry out a behavior or concrete action, it is a term used in the last times in the education for the health. One carries out bibliographical revision of the term associating it to the deshabituación tabáquica and the paper played by the nurse to increase the autoeficacia in their patients. A study pilot of traverse court was made, where a scale of autoeficacia mensuration was applied perceived 51 patients willing to stop to smoke. The study was carried out in the doctor's clinic and nurse of family number 36 of the policlínico September of the municipality 28 Santiago from Cuba. The patients were continued by 3 months and it was found that the 31 smokers that had bigger autoeficacia stayed with higher rate of abstinence that the 20 that had lower punctuation. It is made it stands out the strategy that the nurse can develop to elevate the autoeficacia in the primary attention of health. It was demonstrated as the level of perceived autoeficacia it predicted the possibility of success of abstinence being demonstrated that at more level of autoeficacia bigger percentage of abstinence. The results confirmed the paper so important of educating that has the nurse to achieve the patient to be motivated, advised, sensitive and able of leaving the I inhabit of smoking(AU)