Vortioxetine in major depressive disorder: from mechanisms of action to clinical studies. An updated review.

INTRODUCTION: Vortioxetine is a multimodal-acting antidepressant that provides improvements on cognitive function aside from antidepressants and anxiolytic effects. Vortioxetine has been found to be one of the most effective and best tolerated options for major depressive disorder (MDD) in head-to-head trials. AREAS COVERED: The present review intends to gather the most relevant and pragmatic data of vortioxetine in MDD, specially focusing on new studies that emerged between 2015 and 2020. EXPERT OPINION: Vortioxetine is the first antidepressant that has shown improvements both in depression and cognitive symptoms, due to the unique multimodal mechanism of action that combine the 5-HT reuptake inhibition with modulations of other key pre- and post-synaptic 5-HT receptors (agonism of 5-HT1A receptor, partial agonism of 5-HT1B receptor, and antagonism of 5-HT3, 5-HT1D and 5-HT7 receptors). This new mechanism of action can explain the dose-dependent effect and can be responsible for its effects on cognitive functioning and improved tolerability profile. Potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties observed in preclinical studies as well as interesting efficacy and tolerability results of clinical studies with specific target groups render it a promising therapeutic option for patients with MDD and concomitant conditions (as menopause symptoms, pain, inflammation, apathy, sleep and/or metabolic abnormalities).

Uso de asenapina en la práctica clínica: recomendaciones de un panel de expertos / Management of asenapine treatment in clinical practice: Recommendations from a panel of experts

Introducción: La selección del antipsicótico adecuado para el tratamiento de pacientes con trastorno bipolar (TB) debe basarse en los síntomas presentes, así como en las necesidades terapéuticas de cada paciente y en los posibles efectos adversos asociados al tratamiento. Asenapina es un antipsicótico de segunda generación indicado para el tratamiento de pacientes con TB de tipoI, cuyo perfil farmacocinético y farmacodinámico presenta características diferenciales con respecto al resto de antipsicóticos. Material y métodos: Este documento de recomendaciones ha sido elaborado por un panel de expertos con experiencia en el uso de asenapina en los ámbitos de la atención psiquiátrica de urgencias, hospitalaria y ambulatoria. Las recomendaciones se debatieron en una única reunión y fueron elaboradas a partir de la práctica clínica de los expertos y la evidencia proporcionada por la literatura científica. Resultados: Se describe el perfil de pacientes que mejor se ajusta a las características farmacodinámicas de asenapina, así como las ventajas y limitaciones del perfil farmacocinético asociado a la administración sublingual. Se abordan también las principales características de seguridad de asenapina, así como las posibles medidas a tomar para mitigar los efectos adversos más frecuentes. Finalmente, el documento proporciona una orientación acerca de la dosificación y el manejo general del fármaco, incluyendo las combinaciones con otros fármacos y el cambio de otros antipsicóticos a asenapina. Conclusiones: Este artículo proporciona una orientación para el uso adecuado de asenapina, así como para la identificación de los pacientes en los que este antipsicótico puede resultar más adecuado

Introduction: The choice of an antipsychotic should be based on bipolar disorder (BD) symptoms and the particular needs of each patient, as well as the adverse events potentially associated with treatment. Asenapine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for the management of type-I BD, with distinct pharmacokinetic and receptor affinity profiles. Material and methods: Recommendations document developed by a panel of experts with extensive experience in the use of asenapine in psychiatric care, including emergency department, hospital, and outpatient care. Recommendations were discussed in a single meeting and were based on both the clinical experience of the panel of experts and the empirical evidence provided in the scientific literature. Results: The present document describes the patient profile that best suits the pharmacodynamic characteristics of asenapine, as well as the advantages and limitations of the pharmacokinetics associated with the sublingual route. The document also addresses the main safety issues of asenapine and suggests interventions aimed at mitigating the most frequent adverse reactions associated with asenapine treatment. Finally, the article provides advice on dosing and overall management of asenapine treatment, including the combination with other treatments and the switch from other antipsychotics to asenapine. Conclusions: In this recommendations document, we provide clinicians with guidance on the use of asenapine in real-life practice, including the identification of patients who best suit the characteristics of this antipsychotic

Management of asenapine treatment in clinical practice: Recommendations from a panel of experts. / Uso de asenapina en la práctica clínica: recomendaciones de un panel de expertos.

INTRODUCTION: The choice of an antipsychotic should be based on bipolar disorder (BD) symptoms and the particular needs of each patient, as well as the adverse events potentially associated with treatment. Asenapine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for the management of type-I BD, with distinct pharmacokinetic and receptor affinity profiles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Recommendations document developed by a panel of experts with extensive experience in the use of asenapine in psychiatric care, including emergency department, hospital, and outpatient care. Recommendations were discussed in a single meeting and were based on both the clinical experience of the panel of experts and the empirical evidence provided in the scientific literature. RESULTS: The present document describes the patient profile that best suits the pharmacodynamic characteristics of asenapine, as well as the advantages and limitations of the pharmacokinetics associated with the sublingual route. The document also addresses the main safety issues of asenapine and suggests interventions aimed at mitigating the most frequent adverse reactions associated with asenapine treatment. Finally, the article provides advice on dosing and overall management of asenapine treatment, including the combination with other treatments and the switch from other antipsychotics to asenapine. CONCLUSIONS: In this recommendations document, we provide clinicians with guidance on the use of asenapine in real-life practice, including the identification of patients who best suit the characteristics of this antipsychotic.