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The title compound, bis-[di-thio-bis-(formamidinium)] hexa-bromido-ruthenium dibromide trihydrate, [(NH2)2CSSC(NH2)2]2[RuBr6]Br2·3H2O, crystallizes in the ortho-rhom-bic system, space group Cmcm, Z = 4. The [RuBr6]2- anionic complex has an octa-hedral structure. The Ru-Br distances fall in the range 2.4779â (4)-2.4890â (4)â Å. The S-S and C-S distances are 2.0282â (12) and 1.783â (2)â Å, respectively. The H2O mol-ecules, Br- ions, and NH2 groups of the cation are linked by hydrogen bonds. The conformation of the cation is consolidated by intra-molecular O-Hâ¯Br, O-Hâ¯O, N-Hâ¯Br and N-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds. The [(NH2)2CSSC(NH2)2]2+ cations form a hydrogen-bonded system involving the Br - ions and the water mol-ecules. Two Br - anions form four hydrogen bonds, each with the NH2 groups of two cations, thus linking the cations into a ring. The rings are connected by water mol-ecules, forming N-Hâ¯O-Hâ¯Br hydrogen bonds.
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The horned octopod Eledone cirrhosa, a medium-sized species found in Arabian Gulf off Saudi Arabia, was collected monthly from the Arabian Gulf off Dammam city during January to December 2022. Samples were dissected and prepared for examination using transmission electron microscopy. During genital maturation, seminiferous tubules are established in the testis, with active spermatogonia dividing. Spermatocytes 1 are observed in the tubule, followed by an increase in spermatogonia and spermatocytes in August. Spermiogenesis begins, with spherical spermatids evolving into elongated spermatids. In September, active spermatogonia, meiotic divisions, and increased spermiogenesis continue. Spermatozoa appear in Needham's pouch, indicating sexual maturity. The ovary undergoes various stages of development, with oocytes at stage I in June and July, followed by stage II in October and November. In stage III, follicular cords invade the oocyte's cytoplasm, forming numerous lipid inclusions and protein granules. The cytoplasm contains cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum and a poorly developed Golgi apparatus. Stage IV occurs in November, characterized by the maximum development of follicular cords and the beginning of vitellogenesis. The ooplasm contains numerous lipid inclusions, a syncytium, and secretory cells. From December, stage V oocytes are mainly present, indicating the activity phase of maximum secretion. Yolk platelets accumulate in the oocyte ooplasm, and chorion forms at the zona pellucida. In January, the first smooth eggs are found in some octopuses' ovary, with their proportion increasing steadily. This study aimed to investigate the mitogenic action of gonadotropin and identify the periods of intense cell multiplication during the sexual cycle using cytological methods.
Assuntos
Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Octopodiformes , Ovário , Maturidade Sexual , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Maturidade Sexual/fisiologia , Ovário/ultraestrutura , Ovário/anatomia & histologia , Ovário/citologia , Octopodiformes/anatomia & histologia , Estações do Ano , Testículo/ultraestrutura , Testículo/citologia , Espermatogênese/fisiologia , Oócitos/ultraestruturaRESUMO
The photoelectrochemical (PEC) method has the potential to be an attractive route for converting and storing solar energy as chemical bonds. In this study, a maximum NH3 production yield of 1.01 g L-1 with a solar-to-ammonia conversion efficiency of 8.17% through the photovoltaic electrocatalytic (PV-EC) nitrate (NO3 -) reduction reaction (NO3 -RR) is achieved, using silicon heterojunction solar cell technology. Additionally, the effect of tuning the operation potential of the PV-EC system and its influence on product selectivity are systematically investigated. By using this unique external resistance tuning approach in the PV-EC system, ammonia production through nitrate reduction performance from 96 to 360 mg L-1 is enhanced, a four-fold increase. Furthermore, the NH3 is extracted as NH4Cl powder using acid stripping, which is essential for storing chemical energy. This work demonstrates the possibility of tuning product selectivity in PV-EC systems, with prospects toward pilot scale on value-added product synthesis.
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Multimorbidity is an emerging challenge for health systems globally. It is commonly defined as the co-occurrence of two or more chronic conditions in one person, but its meaning remains a lively area of academic debate, and the utility of the concept beyond high-income settings is uncertain. This article presents the findings from an interdisciplinary research initiative that drew together 60 academic and applied partners working in 10 African countries to answer the questions: how useful is the concept of multimorbidity within Africa? Can the concept be adapted to context to optimise its transformative potentials? During a three-day concept-building workshop, we investigated how the definition of multimorbidity was understood across diverse disciplinary and regional perspectives, evaluated the utility and limitations of existing concepts and definitions, and considered how to build a more context-sensitive, cross-cutting description of multimorbidity. This iterative process was guided by the principles of grounded theory and involved focus- and whole-group discussions during the workshop, thematic coding of workshop discussions, and further post-workshop development and refinement. Three thematic domains emerged from workshop discussions: the current focus of multimorbidity on constituent diseases; the potential for revised concepts to centre the priorities, needs, and social context of people living with multimorbidity (PLWMM); and the need for revised concepts to respond to varied conceptual priorities amongst stakeholders. These themes fed into the development of an expanded conceptual model that centres the catastrophic impacts multimorbidity can have for PLWMM, families and support structures, service providers, and health systems.
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Renal fibrosis is the common endpoint of nearly all chronic and progressive nephropathies. Cell death and sterile inflammation are the main characteristics of renal fibrosis, which can lead to end-stage renal failure. The inflammatory reaction triggered by tissue damage is strongly related to necroptosis, a type of caspase-independent, regulated cell death. Using an animal model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), the anti-fibrotic effects of sorafenib (SOF), a multi-kinase inhibitor, and edaravone (EDV), a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger, were examined in rats with obstructive nephropathy. Experimentally, animals were divided randomly into five groups: sham; UUO; UUO + SOF (5 mg/kg/day, P.O.); UUO + EDV (20 mg/kg/day, P.O.); and UUO + SOF + EDV groups. The kidney function biomarkers, oxidant/antioxidant status, renal mRNA expressions of TNF-α, collagen-1α, protein expressions of RIPK-1, RIPK-3, MLKL, caspase-8, HYP, MPO, and TNF-α were all significantly modulated by UUO. Administration of either SOF or EDV significantly attenuated cellular and molecular changes induced by UUO. Also, histopathological changes were improved. Moreover, SOF in combination with EDV, significantly improved UUO-induced renal fibrosis compared with each drug alone. Collectively, administration of either SOF or EDV or both of them significantly attenuated the rats with obstructive nephropathy, possibly by blocking the RIPK-3/MLKL necroptotic pathway and suppressing renal oxidative stress and inflammation.
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In the title compound, C19H17NO5S, the cyclo-hexene ring adopts nearly an envelope conformation. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. In addition, C-Hâ¯π inter-actions connect the mol-ecules by forming layers parallel to the (010) plane. According to the Hirshfeld surface analysis, Hâ¯H (36.9%), Oâ¯H/Hâ¯O (31.0%), Câ¯H/Hâ¯C (18.9%) and Sâ¯H/Hâ¯S (7.9%) inter-actions are the most significant contributors to the crystal packing.
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One of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide is colorectal cancer (CRC). Extracellular ATP (e-ATP) and purinergic receptors (P2R) play a central role in CRC proliferation and progression. Human antigen R (HuR) is becoming more and more understood to be essential for the expression of genes linked to cancer. The current study demonstrates that ATP can mediate CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression via induction of HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and subsequent expression of cancer-related genes, a consequence mostly mediated via the P2R receptor. It was also noted that suppression of HuR activity by using dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) prevents cancer-related gene expression and subsequent CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression induced by ATP. The expression of cyclin A2/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), Bcl-2, ProT-α, hypoxia-inducible factor1-α (HIF1-α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) induced by ATP were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS (non-selective P2R antagonist) or DHTS. In addition, e-ATP-induced Caco-2 cell proliferation as well as cell survival were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS or DHTS or selective CDK-2 inhibitor (Roscovitine) or selective Bcl-2 inhibitor (ABT-263). Furthermore, it was found that MMP-9 is critical for Caco-2 cells migration induced by e-ATP as demonstrated by a clear reduction in cells migration in the presence of a selective MMP-9 inhibitor (Marimastat). Collectively, these data demonstrate that ATP through P2R activation can induce HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling that could be translated into an increase in cancer-related genes expression and subsequent, cell proliferation and progression.
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Background: Ageing is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is linked to several alterations in cardiac structure and function, including left ventricular hypertrophy and increased cardiomyocyte volume, as well as a decline in the number of cardiomyocytes and ventricular dysfunction, emphasizing the pathological impacts of cardiomyocyte ageing. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are promising as a cellular therapeutic source due to their minimally invasive surgical approach and remarkable proliferative ability. Aim: This study is the first to investigate the outcomes of the systemic transplantation of DPSCs in a D-galactose (D-gal)-induced rat model of cardiac ageing. Methods. Thirty 9-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned into three groups: control, ageing (D-gal), and transplanted groups (D-gal + DPSCs). D-gal (300 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally daily for 8 weeks. The rats in the transplantation group were intravenously injected with DPSCs at a dose of 1 × 106 once every 2 weeks. Results: The transplanted cells migrated to the heart, differentiated into cardiomyocytes, improved cardiac function, upregulated Sirt1 expression, exerted antioxidative effects, modulated connexin-43 expression, attenuated cardiac histopathological alterations, and had anti-senescent and anti-apoptotic effects. Conclusion: Our results reveal the beneficial effects of DPSC transplantation in a cardiac ageing rat model, suggesting their potential as a viable cell therapy for ageing hearts.
Assuntos
Polpa Dentária , Galactose , Miócitos Cardíacos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/transplante , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Polpa Dentária/citologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco/métodos , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Sirtuína 1/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Conexina 43/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/citologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
In the title compound, C20H17BrO5S, mol-ecules are connected by inter-molecular C-Hâ¯S hydrogen bonds with R 2 2(10) ring motifs, forming ribbons along the b-axis direction. C-Hâ¯π inter-actions consolidate the ribbon structure while van der Waals forces between the ribbons ensure the cohesion of the crystal structure. According to a Hirshfeld surface analysis, Hâ¯H (40.5%), Oâ¯H/Hâ¯O (27.0%), Câ¯H/Hâ¯C (13.9%) and Brâ¯H/Hâ¯Br (11.7%) inter-actions are the most significant contributors to the crystal packing. The thio-phene ring and its adjacent di-carboxyl-ate group and the three adjacent carbon atoms of the central hexene ring to which they are attached were refined as disordered over two sets of sites having occupancies of 0.8378â (15) and 0.1622â (15). The thio-phene group is disordered by a rotation of 180° around one bond.
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The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C25H18N6·H2O, comproses two mol-ecules (I and II), together with a water mol-ecule. The terminal phenyl groups attached to the methyl groups of the mol-ecules I and II do not overlap completely, but are approximately perpendicular. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are connected by N-Hâ¯N, C-Hâ¯N, O-Hâ¯N and N-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds with each other directly and through water mol-ecules, forming layers parallel to the (001) plane. C-Hâ¯π inter-actions between these layers ensure the cohesion of the crystal structure. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that Hâ¯H (39.1% for mol-ecule I; 40.0% for mol-ecule II), Câ¯H/Hâ¯C (26.6% for mol-ecule I and 25.8% for mol-ecule II) and Nâ¯H/Hâ¯N (24.3% for mol-ecules I and II) inter-actions are the most important contributors to the crystal packing.
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In the ten-membered 1,3,4,6-tetra-hydro-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine ring system of the title compound, C17H15N5, the 1,2-di-hydro-pyridine ring is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.001â Å), while the 1,3-diazinane ring has a distorted twist-boat conformation. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by N-Hâ¯N and C-Hâ¯N hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. In addition, C-Hâ¯π inter-actions form layers parallel to the (100) plane. Thus, crystal-structure cohesion is ensured. According to a Hirshfeld surface study, Hâ¯H (40.4%), Nâ¯H/Hâ¯N (28.6%) and Câ¯H/Hâ¯C (24.1%) inter-actions are the most important contributors to the crystal packing.
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In the title compound, C21H15N5OS2, mol-ecular pairs are linked by N-Hâ¯N hydrogen bonds along the c-axis direction and C-Hâ¯S and C-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds along the b-axis direction, with R 2 2(12) and R 2 2(16) motifs, respectively, thus forming layers parallel to the (10) plane. In addition, C=Sâ¯π and C≡Nâ¯π inter-actions between the layers ensure crystal cohesion. The Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the major contributions to the crystal packing are Hâ¯H (43.0%), Câ¯H/Hâ¯C (16.9%), Nâ¯H/Hâ¯N (11.3%) and Sâ¯H/Hâ¯S (10.9%) inter-actions.
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PURPOSE: Myelosuppressive chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) remains a major limitation of cancer treatment efficacy, necessitating very expensive supportive care. Lithium carbonate, an inexpensive drug, can increase the number of neutrophils, possibly providing an efficacious and cost-effective alternative for treating CIN. The aim of this study was to determine whether lithium therapy can attenuate chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and leukopenia in breast cancer patients. METHODS: A total of 50 breast cancer patients were enrolled in this prospective, interventional, randomized, controlled, and single-blind study. The patients were divided into two groups: a control group (group 1, N = 25 patients) and a lithium-treated (treatment) group (group 2, N = 25 patients). Group 1 patients were further subclassified into a non-neutropenic control group (N = 16) and a neutropenic control (N = 9) based on the subsequent development of severe neutropenia, or not. The control group received 4 cycles of doxorubicin or epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by 2 cycles of paclitaxel. The treatment group received the same regimen as the control group as well as oral lithium carbonate throughout the chemotherapy cycles. RESULTS: The results showed that the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was increased in the lithium-treated group, while it was markedly reduced in both the non-neutropenic and neutropenic control groups (by 55.56% and 65.42% post-4 chemotherapy cycles, and by 19.57% and 39.90% post-6 cycles, respectively). The same pattern of alterations was observed for the total white blood cell count in both the control and treatment groups. In addition, the incidence and period prevalence were greatly reduced in the lithium-treated group compared to non-neutropenic and neutropenic control groups. CONCLUSION: Lithium therapy ameliorated chemotherapy-induced leukopenia and neutropenia in breast cancer patients. This may provide a new strategy for cost-effective treatment of CIN, particularly in Egyptian cancer patients.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Neoplasias da Mama , Ciclofosfamida , Carbonato de Lítio , Neutropenia , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Estudos Prospectivos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Egito , Carbonato de Lítio/uso terapêutico , Carbonato de Lítio/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Método Simples-Cego , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Epirubicina/efeitos adversos , Epirubicina/administração & dosagem , Leucopenia/induzido quimicamente , Paclitaxel/efeitos adversos , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
In the crystal of the title compound, C6H9ClN2O, mol-ecular pairs form dimers with an R 2 2(8) motif through N-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds. These dimers are connect into ribbons parallel to the (100) plane with R 4 4(10) motifs by N-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds along the c-axis direction. In addition, π-π [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.4635â (9)â Å] and C-Clâ¯π inter-actions between the ribbons form layers parallel to the (100) plane. The three-dimensional consolidation of the crystal structure is also ensured by Clâ¯H and Clâ¯Cl inter-actions between these layers. According to a Hirshfeld surface study, Hâ¯H (43.3%), Clâ¯H/Hâ¯Cl (22.1%) and Oâ¯H/Hâ¯O (18.7%) inter-actions are the most significant contributors to the crystal packing.
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The title com-pound, C13H11NO, adopts an E configuration about the C=C double bond. The pyrrole ring is inclined to the phenyl ring at an angle of 44.94â (8)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by N-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons parallel to (020) in zigzag C(7) chains along the a axis. These ribbons are connected via C-Hâ¯π inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional network. No significant π-π inter-actions are observed.
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Background: This study describes the epidemiological pattern of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Saudi Arabia from 2006 to 2021. It explores case frequency and the crude incidence rate (CIR) by year of diagnosis, age group, region, gender, and nationality of patients. Methods: Retrospective data on acute hepatitis B cases diagnosed across 20 regions of Saudi Arabia during January 2006 to December 2021 were obtained from the Saudi Ministry of Health's Statistical Yearbook. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 20.0, employing both parametric and non-parametric tests. Results: The highest CIR was reported in the regions of Qunfudah, Jeddah, Tabuk, and Taif (28.6, 25.2, 25.1, and 23.4 per 100,000 people). In contrast, the lowest CIR was documented in the regions of Hail, Qurayyat, Jouf, and Hafr AL-Baten (3.6, 3.5, 2.9, and 1.2 per 100,000 people). Incidence rates were notably elevated in those aged 45 years and above (30.6 per 100,000 individuals), followed by the 15-44 age group (14.2 per 100,000 individuals), and were lowest in children aged 0-14 years (0.8 per 100,000 individuals). Regarding gender differences, HBV infection rates were 1.4 times higher in Saudi males than females and 2.2 times higher in non-Saudi males compared to females. Overall, Saudi nationals had a 4.2 times higher HBV infection rate than non-Saudis during the study period. Conclusion: This study highlights diverse acute Hepatitis B infection rates across Saudi regions, with higher rates in Qunfudah, Jeddah, Tabuk, and Taif, and lower rates in Hail, Qurayyat, Jouf, and Hafr AL-Baten. Predominance among ages 45+, followed by 15-44, and lowest in 0-14 age groups was observed. Gender variations showed notably higher rates in Saudi and non-Saudi males. The notably higher prevalence among Saudi nationals implies key considerations for public health strategies.
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Specimens of Cnemidocarpa amphora were collected monthly from the Arabian Gulf from September 2017 to August 2018. Parts of their gonads were prepared for histological testing. The gonads' diameters varied by month. Each gonad contained many ovarian follicles with different morphologies and was surrounded by several testicular follicles. The ovarian and testicular follicles were separate, although the latter were always present near the former. Repeated measures ANOVA tests were conducted to investigate monthly changes in oocyte stages. In squirts measuring 12-13 cm in length, the gonads measured 30-50 mm from July to August; 20-25 mm from September to October; 15-20 mm from November to February; and 25-40 mm from March to June. Oogonia budded from the germinal epithelium with diameters of 20-30 µm. Previtellogenic oocytes measuring 70-120 µm were characterized by the deposition of small granules of protein around the nucleus, a continuous layer of follicular cuboidal epithelium, and scattered vacuoles in the ooplasm. The measurement of gonads and oocyte diameters were performed by image analysis (Image scope 2.3, Image Line, Inc.) and stage micrometer. The vitellogenic oocytes measured 130-220 µm and the follicular epithelium consisted of flattened and cuboidal layers. Beneath the vitelline membrane, scattered test cells appeared in the ooplasm and different granules of protein and MPS were deposited in the ooplasm. In the later phase, lipid droplets began to appear in the ooplasm. Yolk bodies formed after the impregnation of various granules together and the oocyte was ready to be shed. Before spawning, a yolk membrane appeared above the ooplasm. Post-vitellogenic oocytes, in which the homogeneity of ooplasm was restored, underwent gradual lysis and entered the atretic phase. Different stages of sperm development were present year-round in different follicles of the same squirt; hence, the testes were always mature.
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Urocordados , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Arábia Saudita , Sêmen , Oócitos , Ovário , Proliferação de CélulasRESUMO
Gastric cancer (GC), a prevalent disease which globally affects both men and women, was predicted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2020 to have an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) in Saudi Arabia of 2.7 per 100,000 individuals for all ages and sexes (ranked 15th), and an age-standardized mortality rate of 2.1 per 100,000 individuals (ranked 12th). The present retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of GC across all administrative regions in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, the present study sought to examine the incidence of diagnosed cases, age-specific incidence rates, crude incidence rates (CIRs) and ASIRs adjusted for age, year and region. To meet this aim, this retrospective descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on all cases of GC recorded in the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) between January 2004 and December 2017. The collected data were subjected to a range of statistical analyses (using SPSS version 20.0), including descriptive analyses, independent sample t-tests, the Kruskal-Wallis test and sex ratio analysis. In the SCR, a total of 4,066 cases of GC were recorded between 2004 and 2017. The regions with the highest overall ASIRs of GC for both men and women were found to be Riyadh, Najran and the Eastern Region, with rates ranging from 2.2-4.0 per 100,000 individuals. Conversely, Jazan had the lowest ASIRs, with rates of 1.5 and 0.5 per 100,000 individuals for men and women, respectively. The overall ASIRs of GC were found to be significantly higher in men compared with women, with a ratio of 2.8 per 100,000 individuals (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study has revealed that, between 2004 and 2017, there was a slight decrease in the values of both CIR and ASIR of GC in Saudi Arabia.
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In the title com-pound, C16H13BrO, the planes of the aromatic rings are inclined at an angle of 23.49â (15)°, and the configuration about the C=C bond is E. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked into chains by weak C-Hâ¯O inter-actions along the b axis. Successive chains form a zigzag structure along the c axis, and these chains are connected to each other by face-to-face π-π stacking inter-actions along the a axis. These layers, parallel to the (001) plane, are linked by van der Waals inter-actions, thus consolidating the crystal structure. Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that the most significant contacts in the structure are Hâ¯H (43.1%), Câ¯H/Hâ¯C (17.4%), Brâ¯H/Hâ¯Br (14.9%), Câ¯C (11.9%) and Oâ¯H/Hâ¯O (9.8%).