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1.
Int J Pediatr ; 2020: 7802560, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33133201

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Congenital malaria is a serious and common infection in tropical Africa. It has multiple consequences on the newborn and the mother. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to calculate the prevalence of congenital malaria, describe its clinical signs, and analyze its associated factors. Methodology. It is a cross-sectional and prospective study, conducted at Issaka Gazobi Maternity of Niamey, from June 1 to November 30, 2017. The diagnosis was made by microscopy of a thick and thin blood smear of mother, newborn, and umbilical cord. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-nine (249) consecutive newborn/mother pairs were included. The prevalence of congenital malaria infection was 26.51% (66/249) with a parasite density of 101 P/µl (SD: 47.3; [80; 320]). The prevalence of congenital malaria disease was 14.06% (35/249) with a parasite density of 108 P/µl (SD: 32.6; [40; 200]. All patients were infected with Plasmodium falciparum. 43% (18/35) of neonates had hyperthermia and did not have a sucking reflex, 8.5% (3/35) were anaemic, 11.42% (4/35) had convulsed, 20% (7/35) had a coma, and 45.71% (16/35) had a low birth weight. No deaths were recorded, and only the nonuse of bed nets was significantly associated with congenital malaria (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: In Niger, one out of four newborns is infected with Plasmodium. Infection can progress to congenital malaria disease. The use of mosquito nets and intermittent preventive treatment would reduce the incidence of congenital malaria.

2.
Artigo em Francês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1264281

RESUMO

Le paludisme reste un problème majeur de santé publique en Afrique subsaharienne, notamment au Niger où il sévit sur un mode endémique. Un des éléments de gravité est la survenue d'une hémoglobinurie et/ou une anémie. Nous rapportons 5 observations d'anémie par déficit en glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PD) de diagnostic tardif, car mis dans le compte du paludisme grave. Il s'agissait de cinq enfants d'âge moyen de 8,2 ans. 3 des patients étaient de sexe masculin. Tous les cinq patients étaient admis en urgence, référés pour anémie sévère dans un contexte de fièvre. Le nombre moyen d'hospitalisations antérieures était de 4. Les principaux signes à l'admission étaient la pâleur, les douleurs abdominales et des urines couleur porto. La bandelette urinaire a révélé une hémoglobinurie chez tous les patients et une bilirubinurie dans 4 cas. Une notion d'ictère a été retrouvée chez 2 patients, les 3 autres présentaient un ictère clinique. Le taux d'hémoglobine moyen était de 4,4 g/dl. Le taux des plaquettes et le taux de réticulocytes étaient normaux. La goutte épaisse était positive chez tous les patients. Le profil électrophorétique de l'hémoglobine était hétérozygote AS dans 2 cas et homozygote AA dans 3 cas. L'activité enzymatique de la G6PD, dosée à distance de la crise, était effondrée chez tous les patients. Le déficit en G6PD constituant une cause fréquente d'hémoglobinurie et/ou d'anémie chez l'enfant, le bilan étiologique, surtout devant la récurrence de ces signes, devrait en outre comporter un dosage de l'activité enzymatique de la G6PD


Assuntos
Relatos de Casos , Criança , Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase , Hemoglobinúria , Malária , Níger
3.
Med. Afr. noire (En ligne) ; 65(07): 388-396, 2018.
Artigo em Francês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1266308

RESUMO

Problématique : La transmission du paludisme dans les pays du Sahel est tributaire des facteurs climatiques. Au Niger, il y a un gradient de transmission qui est décroissant du Sud au Nord. L'objectif de l'étude est de décrire les relations entre les facteurs climatiques et le paludisme afin de mettre au point des stratégies de contrôle. Patients et méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude analytique et rétrospective, utilisant les données de 2004 à 2013 (10 ans) de la commune urbaine de Tillabéry. Les données sanitaires sur le paludisme sont issues du Système National d'Information Sanitaire (SNIS) du Niger. Les données climatologiques étaient celles de la Direction de la Météorologie Nationale (DMN). La méthode statistique utilisée est le coefficient de corrélation "r" entre les variables climatiques et morbi-mortalité palustre.Résultats : L'analyse univariée montre que le nombre de cas de paludisme le plus élevé était observé au mois de septembre et l'humidité relative minimale la plus élevée au mois d'aout. L'analyse multivariée fait ressortir une corrélation forte et positive entre l'humidité relative minimale et la mortalité (r = 0,719), puis la morbidité (r = 0,674). Par contre la température était négativement corrélée à la mortalité (r = -0,386) et à la morbidité palustre (r = -0,363).Conclusion : Il ressort de cette étude que l'humidité relative minimale et la pluviométrie ont un réel impact sur les pics de morbidité et de mortalité palustre, par opposition à la température. Le pic de morbi-mortalité intervient en septembre, un mois après les fortes pluviométries et humidités relatives minimales du mois d'aout. Ces observations serviront à la planification de la lutte anti larvaire, anti-vectorielle, de la chimio-prévention et de la prise en charge par les programmes nationaux de lutte contre le paludisme


Assuntos
Clima , Umidade , Malária/mortalidade , Malária/prevenção & controle , Níger
4.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 101(1): 47-9, 2008 Feb.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18432008

RESUMO

Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine first arose in Africa 25 years ago. Nowadays most of African malaria control programmes have switched their first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria cases towards artemisinin derivatives combination. After WHO guidelines, a survey network for malaria treatment resistance has been set up in the Niger valley around Niamey since December 2004. The association of the Niger national malaria control programme with the CERMES research center allowed collecting of samples from both health centers and hospitals of this region. Blood finger-pricks on filter papers were tested for detection of plasmodial antigen in health center without biological diagnosis capacity. Specimens found positive either in hospital laboratory or by using antigen method were tested by PCR/RFLP to detect K76T mutations on the pfcrt gene and S108N mutation on the pfdhfr gene. This simple procedure allows the screening of a large number of specimens. Moreover, a spatial distribution of mutations and evidence of resistance clusters were searched integrating the data in a geographic information system. The 76T mutation of pfcrt and 108N of pfdhfr were respectively found in 50.8% and 57% of the specimens tested. No statistically significant difference was found according to the level of sanitary formations or the age of the patients. No resistance cluster was identified and the prevalence of mutation seems homogeneous in the zone. By completing the clinical efficacy studies we think that our simple method for collecting and testing blood samples associated with clinical efficacy studies may be useful for building a network of malaria drug resistance in Africa.


Assuntos
Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Cloroquina/uso terapêutico , Resistência a Medicamentos , Plasmodium falciparum/classificação , Pirimetamina/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antígenos de Protozoários/sangue , Asparagina/genética , Biomarcadores/sangue , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Resistência a Medicamentos/genética , Humanos , Lisina/genética , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Mutação/genética , Níger , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacos , Plasmodium falciparum/genética , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , Serina/genética , Tetra-Hidrofolato Desidrogenase/genética , Treonina/genética
5.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 99(1): 49-51, 2006 Mar.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16568685

RESUMO

In the framework of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) surveillance, seroprevalence and behavioural survey was conducted in 2002 in Dirkou, a place of concentration of female sex workers (FSW) in Niger The global HIV seroprevalence found was 50% (CI at 95%: 40.6-59.36%). The behavioural survey revealed that 98% of FSW had heard about HIV whereas 78.7% know at least one HIV transmission way and 76.9% know at least one HIV prevention means. Only 33.3% declared using condom, what show that sensitisation efforts are needed to induce a behaviour change in FSW and their clients.


Assuntos
Soropositividade para HIV/epidemiologia , Soroprevalência de HIV , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Trabalho Sexual , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Níger
6.
Trop Med Int Health ; 9(11): 1161-6, 2004 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15548311

RESUMO

A national population-based survey was carried out in Niger in 2002 to assess HIV prevalence in the population aged 15-49 years. A two-stage cluster sampling was used and the blood specimens were collected on filter paper and tested according to an algorithm involving up to three diagnostic tests whenever appropriate. Testing was unlinked and anonymous. The refusal rate was 1.1% and 6056 blood samples were available for analysis. The adjusted prevalence of HIV was 0.87% (95% CI, 0.5-1.3%) and the 95% CI of the estimated number of infected individuals was 22 864-59 640. HIV-1 and HIV-2 represented, respectively, 95.6% and 2.9% of infections while dual infections represented 1.5%. HIV positivity rate was 1.0% in women and 0.7% in men. It was significantly higher among urban populations than among rural ones (respectively, 2.1% and 0.6%, P < 10(-6)). Using logistic regression, the variables significantly related to the risk of being tested positive for HIV were urban housing, increasing age and being either widowed or divorced. The estimate from the national survey was lower than the prevalence assessed from antenatal clinic data (2.8% in 2001). In the future, the representativeness of sentinel sites should be improved by increasing the representation of rural areas accounting for more than 80% of the population. Compared with other sub-Saharan countries, the HIV prevalence in Niger is still moderate. This situation represents a strong argument for enhancing prevention programmes and makes realistic the projects promoting an access to potent antiretroviral therapies for the majority.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Feminino , Soropositividade para HIV/epidemiologia , Habitação , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Civil , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Níger/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População/métodos , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Saúde da População Rural , Distribuição por Sexo , Saúde da População Urbana
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