Evaluation of Pattern of Lesions Depicted on Brain Computed Tomography Scan of Patients Presenting with Stroke in Zaria, Nigeria.

Introduction: Stroke is a major public health problem worldwide and it is the third leading cause of death in industrialized countries and ranks among the five most common causes of hospital deaths in adults in Africa. Accurate stroke diagnosis has a high significance for patient's outcome. Computed tomography (CT) brain scan is the imaging of choice for patients presenting to the emergency department with stroke. Aim and Objectives: The study aimed at evaluating the pattern of lesion depicted on CT brain of patients presenting with stroke in ABUTH, Zaria. Materials and Methods: A prospective review of CT findings in 155 patients who presented in the Radiology Department of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) with clinical diagnosis of stroke was undertaken over a period of six months (from October 2017 to April 2018).. Results: Of the 155 patients seen within the period under review, 88 (56.8%) were males while 67 (43.2%) were females. Age range was 11-90 years (mean 56, standard deviation (SD) 16, 44(28.4%) of patients were in the age group of 61-70 years. Ninety six patients (61.9%) had ischaemic stroke, 27(17.4%) had hemorrhagic stroke, eight (5.2%) was stroke mimic, six patients (3.9%) mixed lesions (ie both ischaemic and haemorrhagic). Eighteen patients (11.6%) had normal brain CT findings. The region most affected by stroke was the parietal region 52(38%). Conclusion: Ischaemic stroke is the most common form of stroke in this study.

The Correlation of Sonographic and Histopathologic Findings in the Diagnosis of Palpable Breast Masses in Zaria.

Introduction: Presently, histology is the gold standard in definite diagnosis of breast masses. Ultrasound is a relatively cheap, non-invasive, and non-ionizing imaging modality which is widely available in most hospitals. An assessment of its accuracy in diagnosing breast masses is necessary to minimize unwarranted biopsies. Aim and Objectives: This study aims to correlate the ultrasonographic and histopathologic findings in the diagnosis of patients with palpable breast masses. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study, which involved 100 consecutive patients who presented with palpable breast masses in Zaria. This was carried out for a period of 7 months (November 2016-June 2017). They had a clinical breast examination to identify the mass, which was then imaged and biopsied via ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology. Results: The generated data were analysed using SPSS version 23.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). There were more benign masses (63%) than malignant masses (29%). On correlating the final diagnosis of ultrasound to that of histology, it was found to have a sensitivity of 89%; specificity of 94%; positive predictive value of 89%; negative predictive value of 94%; and accuracy of 92%. Conclusion: This study shows that there was a correlation between ultrasound and histology findings in differentiating between benign and malignant masses. This proves that ultrasound has a significant role to play in evaluating and diagnosing clinically palpable breast masses.

Doppler Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Erectile Dysfunction in a Northern Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.

Background: Colour duplex Doppler is a noninvasive tool for the evaluation of the vascular mechanism of erectile dysfunction (ED). It can be used to determine the integrity of the vascular mechanism and to differentiate between arterial and venous insufficiency. Objectives: To identify the vasculogenic causes of ED and subclassify them into arteriogenic, venogenic, or mixed to assist in predicting the clinical outcome. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, ABUTH Zaria, from records of patients who had presented to the Doppler suite with symptoms of ED available between July 2020 and August 2022. Results: A total of 23 patients were involved in this study. The age range was 25-66 years. The majority of the patients were seen in age groups 51-60 years and 41-50 years with 48% (11) and 22% (5), respectively. Only 3 (13%) of the patients were found to have normal penile Doppler study, 12 (52%) patients were found to have arteriogenic, and another 4 (17.4%) patients were found to have venogenic cause. In four (17.4%) patients, there was mixed/inconclusive picture. Among the nine (39%) patients with Peyronie's disease, only one showed normal Doppler study. The incidence of vasculogenic cause of ED was found to increase with age. Conclusions: The colour Doppler study is an important noninvasive nonionizing radiation tool for swift evaluation of penile erectile function and, thus, helps in classifying ED causes into structural, vascular, or possibly psychogenic, hence guiding the clinicians on the therapeutic options.

Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of lower limbs deep-vein thrombosis in a teaching hospital, Northwestern Nigeria.

Background: Deep-venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower limbs is one of the most common causes of death caused by pulmonary embolism. Many medical and surgical disorders are complicated by DVT. B-mode and color Doppler imaging are needed for the early diagnosis of DVT to prevent complications and sequalae of DVT. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the role of Doppler ultrasound in diagnosing DVT of lower limbs and to study the spectrum of findings in patients with DVT in Zaria. Methodology: A retrospective study was carried out on patients who had Venous Doppler Scan in the Department of Radiology ABUTH, Zaria, Nigeria, for suspected DVT over a period of 4 years from February 2014 to January 2018. Scans were done using DC-3 and DC-6 Mindray Ultrasound machines (2009 and 2013 Models, respectively, Shantou, China) coupled with high-frequency (7.5-12 MHz) linear and low-frequency curvilinear (2-5 MHz) transducers. Analysis of cases of DVT was performed in terms of age, sex, clinical features, predisposing conditions, anatomic distribution, stage, and pattern of thrombus involvement in the veins. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20.0 and value of P < 0.005 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A total of 252 patients' results were reviewed which consisted of 122 males (48.4%) and 130 females (51.6%). The patients' ages ranged from 11 to 80 years, averaging 45.5 ± 9.56 years. The most common indication for Doppler request was leg swellings. The most common risk factor for DVT was malignancy (36%), cardiac disorders (18%), and traumas (14%). Sixty-six (61%) cases showed left-sided and 26 (24%) right-sided, whereas 16 (15%) cases showed bilateral lower limb involvement. Predominant thrombus was above-knee region with 54% in the superficial femoral vein. Chronic stage was seen in 46 (42%) cases, subacute in 44 (41%) cases, and acute in 18 (17%) cases. Conclusion: Middle-aged females, left-sided leg, and above-knee segment were predominantly affected with DVT; hence, this buttresses the need for Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of DVT in all patients.

RésuméContexte: La thrombose veineuse profonde (TVP) des membres inférieurs est l'une des causes les plus courantes de décès par embolie pulmonaire.De nombreux troubles médicaux et chirurgicaux sont compliqués par la TVP. L'imagerie Doppler en mode B et couleur est nécessaire pour le diagnostic précoce de TVP pour prévenir les complications et séquelles de la TVP. Objectifs: Les objectifs de cette étude sont d'évaluer le rôle des ultrasons Doppler.diagnostiquer la TVP des membres inférieurs et étudier le spectre des résultats chez les patients atteints de TVP à Zaria. Méthodologie: une étude rétrospective patients traités par Doppler veineux dans le département de radiologie ABUTH de Zaria (Nigeria) pour suspicion de TVP sur une période de période de 4 ans allant de février 2014 à janvier 2018. Les balayages ont été effectués à l'aide d'appareils à ultrasons DC-3 et DC-6 Mindray (2009 et 2013). Modèles, respectivement, Shantou, Chine) couplés à des transducteurs haute fréquence (7,5­12 MHz) et curvilignes basse fréquence (2­5 MHz).L'analyse des cas de TVP a été réalisée en termes d'âge, de sexe, de caractéristiques cliniques, de conditions prédisposantes, de distribution anatomique, de stade et de modèle.de la participation de thrombus dans les veines. Les données ont été analysées avec SPSS version 20.0 et une valeur de p <0,005 a été considérée statistiquement significatif. Résultats: Un total de 252 patients ont été examinés, soit 122 hommes (48,4%) et 130 femmes (51,6%). Les patients l'âge variait de 11 à 80 ans, avec une moyenne de 45,5 ± 9,56 ans. L'indication la plus courante pour la demande d'analyse était le gonflement des jambes. Le plus Le facteur de risque commun de TVP était la malignité (36%), les troubles cardiaques (18%) et les traumatismes (14%). Soixante-six (61%) des cas ont montré un côté gauche et 26 (24%) des cas ont montré une atteinte bilatérale des membres inférieurs. Le thrombus prédominant était au-dessus de la région du genou avec 54% dans la veine fémorale superficielle. Le stade chronique a été observé dans 46 cas (42%), subaiguë dans 44 cas (41%) et aigu dans 18 cas (17%). Conclusion: Les femmes d'âge moyen, jambe gauche et segment du genou étaient principalement atteintes de TVP; Par conséquent, cela renforce lanécessité de l'échographie Doppler dans le diagnostic de la TVP chez tous les patients.