Provision of HIV services by community health workers should be strengthened to achieve full programme potential: a cross-sectional analysis in rural South Africa.

OBJECTIVE: South Africa's community health workers (CHWs) provide a bridge between the primary healthcare (PHC) facility and its community. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to determine the contribution of the community-based HIV programme (CBHP) to the overall HIV programme. METHODS: We collected service provision data from the daily activity register of CHWs attached to 12 PHC facilities in rural Mopani District, South Africa. Personal identifiers of individuals referred to the facility for HIV services were recorded and verified against facility routine patient registers to determine the effectiveness of referral. RESULTS: HIV services were provided on 18 927 occasions; 30% of the total activities performed by CHWs during the study period. CHWs assessed 12 159 individuals for HIV risk (13% coverage of the study population); only 290 (2%) were referred for HIV testing services. Referral was effective in 213 (73%) individuals; evidence of an HIV-positive status was found for 38 (18%) individuals. However, 30 (79%) of these individuals were referred by CHWs despite being on ART. Adherence support was provided during 5657 visits; only one individual was referred for complications. Finally, of the 864 individuals lost to the ART programme, CHWs managed to find 452 (52%) for referral back to the facility; only 241 (53%) of these were (re)initiated on ART. CONCLUSIONS: Provision of HIV services by CHWs should be strengthened to fully deliver on the programme's potential. Human resource investment, home-based HIV testing and improved tracing models constitute potential strategies to enhance CHWs impact on the HIV programme.

OBJECTIF: Les agents de santé communautaires (ASC) d'Afrique du Sud constituent un pont entre les établissements de soins de santé primaires et leur communauté. Nous avons effectué une analyse transversale pour déterminer la contribution du programme VIH basé sur la communauté (PVBC) au programme global de lutte contre le VIH. MÉTHODES: Nous avons collecté des données sur la prestation de services à partir du registre des activités quotidiennes des ASC rattachés à 12 établissements de soins de santé primaires dans le district rural de Mopani, en Afrique du Sud. Les identifiants individuels des personnes référées vers l'établissement pour des services VIH ont été enregistrés et vérifiés par rapport aux registres de routine des patients de l'établissement afin de déterminer l'efficacité de l'aiguillage. RÉSULTATS: Les services VIH ont été fournis dans 18.927 occasions; 30% du total des activités réalisées par les ASC au cours de la période d'étude. Les ASC ont évalué 12.159 personnes pour les risques du VIH (couverture de 13% de la population étudiée); seuls 290 (2%) ont été référés pour des services de dépistage du VIH. L'aiguillage a été efficace chez 213 personnes (73%). L'évidence de séropositivité a été trouvée chez 38 personnes (18%). Cependant, 30 (79%) de ces personnes ont été référées par des ASC alors qu'elles étaient sous ART. Un soutien à la compliance a été fourni au cours de 5.657 visites; un seul individu a été référé pour des complications. Enfin, sur 864 personnes perdues du programme ART, les ASC ont réussi à retrouver 452 (52%) pour les référer de nouveau à l'établissement; seuls 241 (53%) de celles-ci ont été (ré) initiées sous ART. CONCLUSIONS: La fourniture de services VIH par les ASC devrait être renforcée pour exploiter pleinement le potentiel du programme. Les investissements dans les ressources humaines, le dépistage du VIH à domicile et les modèles de traçage améliorés constituent des stratégies potentielles pour améliorer l'impact des ASC sur le programme VIH.

An evaluation of the impact of a community-based adherence support programme on ART outcomes in selected government HIV treatment sites in South Africa.

This study assessed the impact of a community-based adherence support service on the outcomes of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The evaluation was a retrospective study based on patient clinical records. This study noted that a significantly higher proportion of patients with a community-based adherence supporter (also known as a patient advocate, PA) had viral load (VL) of less than 400 copies/ml at six months of treatment (70%, p=0.001); a significantly higher proportion of patients with PAs (89%) attained a treatment pickup rate of over 95% (67%; p=0.021). Patients at health facilities with PA services maintained a suppressed VL for a longer period as opposed to patients at health facilities without PA services (p=0.001), also patients at health facilities with PA services remained in care for longer periods (p=0.001). Therefore, the study concludes that integrated community-based adherence support is crucial in ensuring that patients remain in care, regularly pickup their treatment from ART clinics and are virologically suppressed. The study also underscores the importance of access to health services and the presence of an enabling environment in the treatment of AIDS.

The impact of caring for persons living with HIV and AIDS on the mental health of nurses in the Limpopo Province.

This study assessed the impact of caring for AIDS sufferers on the mental health of nurses. This assessment was measured against the level of burnout, stress and depression among 174 nurses caring for people living with HIV and AIDS in Limpopo Province, South Africa. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire incorporated the AIDS Impact Scale (AIS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the participants' demographic and professional profiles. Participants were conveniently selected from five selected hospitals in Limpopo Province. The study participants' valuation using the AIS showed that nurses tended to develop strong bonds and relationships with the patients; felt frustrated by their inability to help the terminally ill AIDS sufferers and were subsequently affected by the death of their patients. Personal accomplishments of the nurses remained high and the levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization levels were low. The BDI showed that over 3 out of 4 nurses were experiencing between mild mood disturbance and extreme depression. Higher average scores were noted for items of the depression scale like sadness, dissatisfaction, fatigue and low level of energy. The findings highlight the need to develop psychological support programmes for nurses caring for AIDS patients and promote the provision of social incentives and recognition of the role of nurses in AIDS care.