[Ocular syphilis associated to HIV: A report of 2 patients treated in Marrakech, Morocco]. / Syphilis oculaire associée au VIH : À propos de 2 cas traités à Marrakech, Maroc.

Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease. All organs might be affected, but ocular syphilis occurs only in 0.6 percent of patients. A resurgence of syphilis cases has been observed for several years in many countries, especially in HIV-infected subjects. These patients often present with concomitant primary and secondary lesions or extensive presentations of syphilis. Case reports: We report 2 patients with syphilitic uveitis diagnosed and treated at the department of infectious diseases at the University hospital of Marrakech. Ocular involvement was inaugural in both HIV patients. Each had a specific treatment, but none had a complete recovery of visual function; the first patient was treated by ceftriaxone and the second one was treated by penicillin. Conclusion: Syphilis must be discussed in all patients diagnosed with uveitis or papillitis. The diagnosis should be suspected in cases of eye inflammation even in the absence of favourable clinical presentation or anamnesis. Search for HIV co-infection should be systematic. Although not evidence-based, prompt therapy may lead to functional recovery. Ceftriaxone could be a suitable alternative to penicillin in the treatment of early syphilis in HIV-infected patients. This treatment has a concomitant effectiveness even for asymptomatic forms of neurosyphilis. Ocular syphilis is a form of neurosyphilis and requires neurosyphilis therapy regardless of when it develops after primary infection.Conventional syphilis staging is of little use in understanding ocular syphilis. Co-infection between HIV and ocular syphilis is common, but does not affect response to a neurosyphilis regimen of penicillin in the short term.

The first description of liver abscesses due to Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in an African HIV-infected young woman: case report and review of the literature.

Salmonella is Gram-negative bacilli that cause a foodborne infections. When the disease occurs in patients living with HIV (PLWHA), salmonellosis is an AIDS defining illness. Here we describe the case of a 26-year-old HIV-infected female patient who was hospitalized for pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, and whose explorations revealed a liver abscess due to salmonella enterica enterica that progressed well after needle aspiration and antibiotic treatment.

Cephalic tetanus: about two cases.

Tetanus is still a common problem in developing countries. Localized tetanus remains a rare clinical presentation dominated by cephalic localization. Head, neck or ear infection strongly guide the diagnosis. A trismus and one or several cranial nerve impairment are the major symptoms. We report two cases of cephalic tetanus associating a trismus with involvement of the cranial nerves. Diagnosis was difficult because the neurological damage preceded the trismus.

[Evaluation of general practitioners' knowledge about diagnostic and therapeuthic management of erysipelas in the city of Marrakech]. / Evaluation de la prise en charge de l'érysipèle par les médecins généralistes de la ville de Marrakech.

INTRODUCTION: Erysipelas is the most common non necrotizing bacterial dermohypodermitis (NNBDH). This study aimed to evaluate the adequacy of general practitioners' knowledge about literature data on the diagnostic and therapeuthic management of erysipelas. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical survey of 167 general practitioners in the public and private sectors in Marrakech over the period from 19 May to 20 October 2014. RESULTS: The 114 questionnaires which had been returned revealed that local and general risk factors were often reported for erysipelas. 92 (80.7%) physicians thought that positive diagnosis of common types was based on clinical examination. 97(85.1%) physicians thought that it required only out-patient service and that hospitalization and para-clinical examinations should only be performed in patients with severe, atypical or complicated erysipelas. 25 (21.9%) physicians thought that oral amoxicillin should be the gold standard therapy. 15(13.2%) physicians thought that bi-antibiotic therapy including antistreptococcique molecule should be the gold standard. 16 doctors (14%) advocated anti-inflammatory drugs. The primary and secondary prevention levels generated interest from physicians of whom 108 (94.7%) were favorable to the treatment of the portals of entry in the skin while 53 (46.5%) to the antibioprophylaxis after the second recurrence. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights that erysipelas is relatively frequent in city medical practice; clinical diagnosis guidelines should be shared between the specialists in order to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic approch of our physicians.

Evaluation de la prise en charge de l'érysipèle par les médecins généralistes de la ville de Marrakech

Introduction: l'érysipèle est la plus fréquente des dermohypodermites bactériennes non nécrosantes (DHBNN).L'objectif de notre travail est d'évaluer l'adéquation des connaissances des médecins généralistes avec les données de la littérature sur la prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'érysipèle.Méthodes: nous avons réalisé une enquête transversale à visée descriptive et analytique auprès de 167 médecins généralistes des secteurs public et privé de Marrakech du 19 Mai au 20 Octobre 2014.Résultats: les 114 questionnaires qui nous ont été retournés ont révélé que des facteurs de risque locaux et généraux étaient souvent retrouvés en cas d'érysipèle. Le diagnostic positif des formes typiques était clinique pour 92(80,7%) médecins. La prise en charge devrait se faire en ambulatoire pour 97(85,1%), le recours à l'hospitalisation et aux examens para-cliniques ne s'avérait nécessaire que pour les formes sévères, atypiques ou compliquées. L'amoxicilline orale a été préconisée par 25 médecins (21,9%). La bi-antibiothérapie incluant une molécule antistreptococcique a été préconisée par 15(13,2%) médecins. Le recours aux anti-inflammatoires a été préconisé par 16 médecins (14%). Les préventions primaires et secondaires ont rencontré l'intérêt de nos médecins dont 108 (94,7%) ont été favorables au traitement des portes d'entrée cutanées et 53 (46,5%) à l'antibioprophylaxie à partir de la deuxième récidive.Conclusion: d'après notre étude, l'érysipèle semble relativement fréquent en pratique de ville, les éléments du diagnostic clinique devraient faire l'objet d'une vulgarisation visant à améliorer les attitudes diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de nos médecins

Diabetes and human immunodeficiency virus infection: Epidemiological, therapeutic aspects and patient experience.

INTRODUCTION: Nationally, no data on the association between human immunodeficiency virus infection and diabetes have been published. OBJECTIVES: To review the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic data and evaluate the experience of people living with HIV and suffering from diabetes. METHODS: Our study population was composed of 190 outpatients (87 males and 103 females) attending the Infectious Diseases department of the University Hospital Center of Casablanca (Ibn Rochd). Using the computerized medical records, we identified patients with HIV-Diabetes and collected their epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic data. At the enrollment date of each patient, we measured anthropometric parameters (weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and arm circumference). We also asked each patient, about the impression on their bodies' appearance and the degree of concern with regard to the diabetes. RESULTS: The population of patients with HIV, the prevalence of diabetes was 10.5%, among the patients taking an antiretroviral therapy, the prevalence was 13.5%. Diabetes has been diagnosed in 113 patients before the discovery of their HIV infection. At time of recruitment, 111 of them were under antiretroviral therapy for a mean period of 3.1years. Zidovudine was the most prescribed drug followed by lamivudine. Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed in 144 patients. Eighty-seven patients feel conscious about their body appearance which makes them feel bad about the way they look. Metformin was prescribed in 46 cases. The majority of patients (73.1%) considered diabetes as a second health problem. Only 46 patients were well balanced. CONCLUSION: The multidisciplinary consultation and patient education should enable an appropriate management of diabetes in HIV infected patients.

[Isolation of Bordetella trematum from bacteremia]. / Isolement de Bordetella trematum au décours d'une bactériémie.

The species Bordetella trematum was first described in 1996. Currently only eleven cases were published. We describe the first case of Bordetella trematum issued from bacteremia with a patient who has severe burns in Morocco. The identification was not possible by conventional microbiological methods where the resort to 16S ARNr sequencing. The use of molecular methods, including sequencing of the 16S ARNr, is currently an essential complementary tool to identify microbiological pathogens.