Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Gastrointestinal Tract With Unusual Endoscopic and Histologic Presentations.

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an infrequent site of breast cancer metastasis, but it often poses a diagnostic challenge when it occurs. The symptoms of GI metastases are often nonspecific, and the endoscopic manifestations are variable, requiring tissue biopsies for histologic examination. We report 2 cases of breast cancer metastasizing to the GI tract: a case of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma that metastasized to the stomach, a rare location for this histologic subtype, and another case of invasive lobular cell carcinoma that metastasized to the colon with unusual findings of mucosal pallor and edema on colonoscopy.

Giant primary vaginal tubulovillous adenoma: A case report and review of literature.

Primary adenomas are common in the gastrointestinal tract but exceedingly rare on the periurethral surface and vagina. The pathogenesis remains unknown but vaginal adenomas are hypothesized to arise from vaginal adenosis or embryonic cloacal remnants and possess malignant potential. We present a case of a large primary vaginal tubulovillous adenoma in an eighty-one-year-old, likely diethylstilbestrol naïve patient. To the best of our knowledge the patient's 7.4 x 4.5 × 1.4 cm primary vaginal tubulovillous adenoma is the largest ever reported in literature.

Anterior knee schwannoma.

Peripheral nerve tumors are relatively uncommon with schwannomas being the most common type. Schwannomas are usually benign encapsulated tumors composed of neoplastic Schwann cells that generally do not transform to malignancy. Many are discovered incidentally as solitary tumors. The cause is unknown. Most occur spontaneously, while some develop in association with genetic disorders such as neurofibromatosis type 2 or schwannomatosis. Schwannomas can occur anywhere in the body. They affect all ages, with peaking incidence between ages 20 and 50 years, without predilection to sex or race. Many are asymptomatic; however, presenting signs and symptoms, such as paresthesia and pain, are due to mass effect and direct nerve invasion. Diagnosing includes combinations of thorough physical examination, imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging and surgical biopsy. Treatment depends on factors such as location of the tumor and severity of symptoms. Asymptomatic patients are treated conservatively while symptomatic patients undergo surgical resection with favorable prognosis.