RESUMO
Background: Although the AMV and AMS vaccine candidates have similar characteristics as hemagglutinin and adhesive molecules, there are differences in molecular weight. Objective: The research aims to determine the immunological cross-reaction between AMS and AMV. Method: Antihemagglutination test used the anti-adhesion molecular antibody AMS. Next, we examined the immune response that has to be linked with protectivity. The model of the research uses MLIL. The sample separated the mice into four groups, and each group had five mice. The first group was the negative control group. The second group was given AMV and infected with Shigella flexneri. The third group was immunized with AMV before being exposed to Shigella flexneri. The last group was infected with Vibrio cholerae. The immune response results were evaluated by calculating the weight of MLIL and counting the colony of bacteria. We also examined other AMS immune responses, namely, ß-defensin and s-IgA levels. To get the data, we measured the number of Th17 immune effector cells, T-reg, and proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA, independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: An antihemagglutination cross immune response, intestinal weight, the number of bacterial colonies, and other findings were found to be significant (p < 0.05) for the levels of ß-defensin, s-IgA, Th17, T-reg, and IL-17A. Conclusion: The 49.8 kDa·MW protein subunit of the Shigella flexneri adhesion molecule could act as a candidate vaccine homologous for shigellosis and cholera in the future.
RESUMO
Introduction: Previous studies have shown 37.8 kDa pili subunit protein of Vibrio cholerae and 49.8 kDa pili subunit protein of Shigella flexneri can act as an adhesion molecule to initiate infection. These molecules also have the ability to agglutinate blood. The present study assessed mucosal and systemic immunity following vaccination using 37.8 kDa V. cholerae and protection against S. flexneri. Subjects and Methods: Haemagglutination test was performed after purification of V. cholerae protein, followed by an anti-haemagglutination test. The intestinal weight and colony count were used to validate the protective effect on balb/c mice which were divided into the naive group, Shigella-positive control group, Vibrio-positive control group, V. cholerae infected-Vibrio-vaccinated group and S. flexneri-infected-Vibrio-vaccinated group. Th17, Treg, interleukin (IL) IL-17A, ß-defensin and secretory-immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) were also measured to determine the systemic and mucosal immunity after vaccination. Results: The haemagglutination and anti-haemagglutination tests showed that the 37.8 kDa protein could inhibit 49.8 kDa of the S. flexneri pili subunit. Decreased intestinal weight and colony count of vaccinated group compared to naive group also support cross reaction findings. Vaccination also generates higher level of Th17, Treg, IL-17A, ß-defensin and s-IgA significantly. Conclusions: 37.8 kDa subunit pili can act as a homologous vaccine candidate to prevent V. cholerae and S. flexneri infection.
