[Insanovin aerosol therapy in the treatment of bronchial asthma]. / Aérozol'terapiia insanovinom v lechenii bronkhial'noi astmy.

Sixty-seven patients with bronchial asthma treated with the bronchodilator insanovin for 4 weeks were followed up. The efficiency of aerosol therapy with insanovin as the basic agent was determined by the time course of changes in the clinical manifestations of the disease, in external respiratory functional and immunological parameters. In patients with first-degree bronchial obstruction, 2 weeks of aerosol therapy were sufficient to normalize the clinical manifestations of the diseases and external respiratory functional and immunological parameters. In patients with second-degree bronchial obstruction, 4-week aerosol therapy produced an ever-increasing therapeutic effect, which affected external respiratory functional and immunological parameters. In patients with third-degree bronchial obstruction, aerosol therapy could cease fits of suffocation, retain insignificant dyspnea, diminish cough, and normalize nocturnal sleep with moderate external respiratory functional and immunological changes.

[Humoral and cellular immunity in meningitis of various etiology]. / Gumoral'nyi i kletochnyi immunitet pri meningitakh razlichnoi étiologii.

The parameters of humoral and cellular immunity were studied in patients with meningitis due to tuberculosis and other diseases. Peripheral blood and spinal fluid were measured in 91 and 76 patients with tuberculous meningitis, in 75 and 59 with purulent meningitis, and in 54 and 33 with serous meningitis, respectively. Comparing assessment of the findings revealed profound changes in the content of T lymphocytes and their subpopulations. With this, impaired cellular immunity appeared not only as changes in the relative count of immuno-complement cells, but in their different functional activity detectable by blast cell formation. Thus, in tuberculous meningitis, 18.11 +/- 0.95% of peripheral lymphocytes and 15.1 +/- 1.2% spinal fluid were exposed to the specific blast cell transformation antigen PPD whereas they were 1.94 +/- 0.3 and 2.4 +/- 0.9% (p < 0.001) and 1.86 +/- 0.28 and 3.1 +/- 0.8% (p < 0.001), respectively. Elevated spinal fluid levels of beta 2-microglobulin and IgE in patients are shown to be a differential diagnostic sign typical of tuberculous meningitis.

[In vitro study of the modulating effect of antitubercular agents on the rosette formation response in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Izuchenie moduliruiushchego deistviia protivotuberkuleznykh preparatov in vitro v reaktsii rozetkoobrazovaniia u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

The wide medical application of new highly active antituberculous agents (ATA) having a definite mechanism of action on immunological homeostasis makes pharmacological regulation of immunological responses real in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of major ATA on the body's immunological responsiveness in vitro, i.e. by the changes in E-RFC used as a loading test, their immunoactive properties were examined with and without addition of ATA. The study provided a new methodological approach which may help in more effectively determining the nature of effects of the study ATA on the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the T system, in clarifying whether ATA have certain immunoregulating properties, and in quantitatively defining the magnitude of their expression. The used parameter E-RFC is an adequate test for studying the immunoactive properties of ATA acting primarily on cell immunity. Thus, this offers scope in practical medicine for goal-oriented regulation of an immune response in different tuberculosis infections by using appropriate ATA.

[Luminol-dependent neutrophilic chemiluminescence in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. / Liuminolzavisimaia khemiliuminestsentsiia neítrofilov u bol'nykh khronicheskimi nespetsificheskimi zabolevaniiami legkikh.

To assess the prognostic value of neutrophilic chemiluminescence, an examination was made of 68 patients with chronic bronchitis, 96 with bronchial asthma, and 34 apparently healthy individuals. Metabolic activity was determined by spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence in the whole blood and neutrophilic samples (the procedure being given). Patients with chronic bronchitis or bronchial asthma were found to have much higher metabolic activity in the neutrophils. The high sensitivity of chemiluminescence enables it to be used to determine the natural history of a disease and to check up the efficiency of treatment.

[Comparative analysis of the results of spinal fluid microbiological study in children and adults who suffered from tuberculous meningitis]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz rezul'tatov mikrobiologicheskogo issledovaniia spinnomozgovoi zhidkosti u detei i vzroslykh, bol'nykh tuberkuleznym meningitom.

An examination was made of 133 children and 89 adults, aged 3 to 60 years, who had admitted for suspected tuberculous meningitis. The diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis was established in 113 children and 79 adults. In the remaining 20 ill children and 10 adult patients, tuberculous etiology of the disease was rejected. After puncture, spinal fluid was examined by three methods, bacretioscopy, cultivation, and biological assay. Bacterioscopy detected Mycobacteria tuberculosis in 5.3 and 2.5% of ill children and adults, respectively. Types of M. tuberculosis were isolated more frequently in children (n = 66 (58.4%)) than in adults (n = 22 (27.9%)) by bacteriology and in 39 (34.5%) and 15 (30.0%) adults by biological assay. The spinal fluid much more frequently displayed changed forms (L forms) of M. tuberculosis than bacterial ones. They were isolated in 62 (54.9%) and 59 (74.6%) adults by cultivation. On the whole, spinal fluid cultivation for L forms of M. tuberculosis allowed the total detection percentages for an etiological factor to be increased in children and adults, who both suffered from tuberculous meningitis, they accounted for 87.6 and 87.3%, respectively.

[The effect of the ultraphonophoesis of deresinated naphthalan in patients with a history of exudative pleurisy]. / Vliianie ul'trafonoforeza obessmolennogo naftalana na bol'nykh, perenesshikh ékssudativnyi plevrit.

Clinicoimmunological comparisons suggest the conclusion on positive effect of deresinated naphthalan phonophoresis when given early in the course of inpatient combined treatment of exudative pleurisy. The response was noted in the trend of clinical and immunological characteristics of T- and B-cell immunity.

[Gene geography of hereditary glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and pulmonary tuberculosis in Azerbaijan]. / Genogeografiia nasledtvennogo defitsita fermenta gliukozo-6-fosfatdegidrogenazy i tuberkuleza legkikh v Azerbaidzhane.

A comparative study of the detection rate for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) deficiency was carried out among the indigenous population of different regions of Azerbaijan with epidemiologic tuberculosis situation. A screening comprising the Bernstein test (for revealing enzymopathy in the erythroid series cells) and the NS test (for revealing enzyme deficiency in leukocytes) was conducted to find hereditary G-6-PDH deficiency. A comparison of the epidemiologic parameters of the pertinent regions revealed the correlation between the detection rate for G-6-PDH deficiency in the republican regions and the epidemiologic tuberculosis situation. These studies have led to the conclusion that one of the measures to reduce tuberculosis morbidity in the republic is to enhance antiepidemiologic measures in the regions whose residents show a high incidence fo hereditary G-6-PDH deficiency.

[Clinical symptoms and course of tuberculous meningitis in children: isolation of L-forms from the cerebrospinal fluid]. / Klinicheskaia simptomatika i techenie tuberkuleznogo meningita u detei pri vydelenii iz spinnomozgovoi zhidkosti L-form vozbuditelia.

The paper deals with the clinical symptoms and course of childhood tuberculous meningitis which were associated with M. tuberculosis form detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. It was found that with the bacterial forms of the agent in the liquor, the disease is characterized by an acute onset and rapid development of inflammatory changes. The timely chemotherapy of this group of the patients can cause a more rapid and marked effect. The clinical symptoms of tuberculous meningitis accompanied by the isolation of M. tuberculosis L forms only from the cerebrospinal fluid are characterized by an insidious onset and slow accumulation of pathologic changes. Basal and cerebrospinal forms of the disease are relatively frequent in these patients and their antituberculosis chemotherapy happens to be less effective.

[Pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with hereditary glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]. / Tuberkulez legkikh u bol'nykh s nasledstvennym defitsitom gliukozo-6-fosfatdegidrogenazy.

A study was made of the occurrence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) deficiency among patients with lung tuberculosis including those suffering from mental diseases (alcoholism or schizophrenia). In Azerbaijani patients, the rate of G-6-PDH demonstration was higher as compared to that among the healthy population. On combined lung tuberculosis and alcoholism the rate of that abnormality demonstration increased whereas on associated lung tuberculosis and schizophrenia, it slightly decreased. Among patients with hereditary G-6-PDH deficiency, the portion of chronic destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis is high, the tuberculous process is accompanied more often by isolation of M. tuberculosis. The etiological role of G-6-PDH as a genetic marker is evaluated as 14%; in associated lung tuberculosis and alcoholism, it grows to 18%.

[Clinico-immunologic characteristics of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, psychic diseases and a congenital glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskie osobennosti bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh, stradaiushchikh psikhicheskimi zabolevaniiami, s vrozhdennym defitsitom fermenta G-6-FDG.

Clinical and immunological characteristics of the tuberculosis process in patients with mental diseases and congenital deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were investigated. Enzymopathy was detected in 34 (8.9 per cent) out of 382 patients subjected to the investigation. It was shown that among the carriers of the anomalous gene, the proportion of patients with chronic destructive tuberculosis was high. The patients (91.2%) showed more frequent bacterial isolation. Despite immunotherapy, no positive changes in the immunological indices were observed in the carriers, which was attributable to decreased activity of the enzyme in the immunocompetent cells.

The efficiency of chemotherapy with immunomodulators for patients with destructive lung tuberculosis.

Immunomodulators are to be prescribed to tuberculous patients in accordance with clinical and immunologic indices for 2 months. Taking into account that levamisol in dose 100 mg/24 hours is well tolerated by the patients and is as efficient as in the dose 150 mg/24 hours it is recommended to use this agent in dose 100 mg/24 hours three times a week. As it became evident from the clinical-roentgenologic, bacteriologic and immunologic data diuciphon is better tolerated by the patients and more efficient than levamisol.

[Circulating immune complexes and mycobacterial antigens in the blood of pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. / Tsirkuliruiushchie immunnye kompleksy i mikobakterial'nye antigeny v krovi bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

The level of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the sera of patients with fibrocavernous tuberculosis and infiltrative tuberculosis has been found to be correlated with the dissociation and level of mycobacterial antigens contained in CIC. Successful chemotherapy results in the normalization of all the characteristics under study.

[Differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and other diseases affecting the middle lobe of the lung (lingular lobe)]. / Diagnostical diferential at tuberculozei si al altor boli cu afectarea lobului pulmonar mediu (lobul lingulei).

Based on data resulting from clinical, laboratory, bronchological and radiological correlations investigated in 102 patients with affections involving the median pulmonary lobe (the lingula), the author concluded that no characteristic symptoms can be evidenced, suggesting lesions of the anterior pulmonary areas. The major role in establishing the characteristics of the lesion in this area falls to the radio-bronchological investigation performed specifically for this. According to the radiological aspects the author identified 6 types of broncho-stenotic syndromes involving the median pulmonary lobe, but he stresses that in view of making an etiologic diagnosis the bronchologic investigation, and the cytohistologic study of bioptic material are of major importance. The use of immunologic test is also stressed, in the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary diseases. The author reveals that the diagnosis of "syndrome of the median lobe" cannot replace the exact diagnosis of the disease that should be made in accordance with the nomenclature of the disease and the precise indication of the nosologic form.