Health benefits of first and second extraction drum-dried pitted olive pomace.

Olive pomace (OP) is the main by-product of olive oil extraction. After pit and skin removal, OP pulp has high concentrations of dietary fiber and phenolics with high antioxidant capacity. This study evaluated mice health benefits of drum-dried pitted OP pulp obtained after first and second oil extraction. Fresh OP was steam blanched, then pits and skins separated in a pulper/finisher, and pulp drum-dried and milled. OP was characterized by proximate analysis, total soluble phenolics (TSP), individual phenolics, and dietary fiber. Drum-dried pitted OP from first and second extraction was formulated at 10% and 20% in a high fat mice diet. Low fat (5%) and high fat (18%) control diets were also used for comparison. First extraction OP had higher TSP than OP from second extraction. Hydroxytyrosol was the main phenolic in OP. Mice weight gain was lower for the four OP diets compared to high and low-fat control diets. Fecal protein was high for all OP diets, indicating poor protein retention in mice, possibly by phenolics binding of protein and enzymes. Liver weight and adipose tissue were lower in mice consuming the four high fat OP diets compared to high fat control diet. Also, there was no effect on blood glucose by OP in diets. Mice gut microbiota analysis indicated that Actinobacteria decreased in the OP diets compared to the two control diets while Bacteroidetes increased, indicating a positive correlation with reduced body fat and weight. Drum-dried pitted OP is a novel agricultural by-product with its bioactive compounds having the potential to be incorporated in feeds and foods providing health benefits. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Drum-dried pitted olive pomace can be produced from first or second olive oil extraction byproducts to be used as a shelf-stable healthy food or feed supplement.

Clinical impact of disease-related malnutrition and fluid overload assessment via bioimpedance vector analysis in hospitalized patients.

BACKGROUND: This cohort study assessed the effect of disease-related malnutrition (DRM) and fluid overload (FO) evaluated by bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) on mortality among hospitalized patients. METHODS: We examined adult patients hospitalized in an internal medicine ward. The malnutrition risk was assessed using the NRS2002 questionnaire, and body composition was estimated via BIVA. Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics were compared between patients with and without DRM by BIVA (DRM-B). The effect of DRM and FO by BIVA on mortality was assessed via logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The study included 130 adult patients (62.3% men) with a mean age of 63 ± 19 years. Malnutrition risk at hospital admission was present in 43.8%. According to BIVA, 63.1% had normal body composition, 27.7% had DRM, and 9.2% obesity while FO was present in 53.1%. Patients with DRM-B were older (70 ± 16 vs. 61 ± 20 years, p = 0.05) and had a higher prevalence of cerebrovascular disease than patients without DRM-B (11% vs. 0%, p = 0.001). The overall mortality rate was 8.5% (n = 11) and was higher among patients with DRM-B than among those without DRM-B (16.7% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.03). No differences existed in mortality between patients with and without FO (8.7% vs. 8.2%, p = 0.91). DRM-B was associated with higher mortality rates adjusted for FO and comorbidities (odds ratio = 3.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-13.53, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: DRM and FO by BIVA were very frequent in our population. DRM-B was associated with a higher mortality rate, which emphasizes the importance of evaluating body composition in hospitalized patients.

Effects of Dietary Components During and After Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy, Radiotherapy, or Sequential Chemoradiotherapy to the Abdominopelvic Area.

Radiotherapy is a fundamental part of the treatment of pelvic neoplasms. Up to 90% of patients develop gastrointestinal symptoms as a result of acute injury to the small and large intestine, particularly in the mucosa. Radiotherapy leads to atrophy of the intestinal epithelium, acute crypt inflammation, inflammatory infiltration of the epithelium, malabsorption of lactose, and biliary salts as well as alterations in pancreatic enzymes and biliary salts, resulting in the malabsorption syndrome and dysbiosis. The most commonly reported symptoms of pelvic radiation disease include changes in bowel habits (94%), decreased fecal consistency (80%), frequency of bowel movements (74%), bowel urgency (39%), and fecal incontinence (37%). Although nutritional interventions with dietary modifications have been reported to prevent and treat gastrointestinal symptoms, the evidence remains inconclusive.