Dynamics of morphological changes in the trigeminal ganglion neurons in compression injury of the rat maxillary nerve.

The dynamics of reparative processes in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons was studied during the early posttraumatic period; somatic location and interactions of neurons with glial cells were evaluated. The neurons and their nucleoli were enlarged during this period, proliferation of glial cell and transcription activity of chromatin increased. The location of neuronal bodies belonging to the maxillary nerve was determined by the phenomenon of chromatolysis. The neurons belonging to this nerve were located under the node capsule.

[Epizootiology, prevention and control of salmonellosis in swine]. / Epizootologiia, profilaktika i borba sus salmonelozite po svinete.

Microbiologic studies were carried out in 1981-1985 with a total of 25,561 samples--12,878 were cadavers and viscera, 574 were fetuses, 6,208 were swabs of rectal samples. 844 were feces, 4,096 were washings, 493--feed samples, etc. A number of prophylaxis and control programmes were tested under productional conditions with the use of drugs and vaccinations with a live and a killed autovaccine. Salmonella organisms were isolated as follows: 9.05% from cadavers, 2.5% from fecal samples, 1.35% from rectal swabs, 1.2% from washings from the environment, 0.6% from feed samples--all belonging to 19 serologic types. Greatest importance was shown to have S. cholerae suis, which was epizootically specific for swine, however, the part played by var. america also grew as compared to var. kunzendorf. With the exception of several sporadic cases all other serologic types of Salmonellae were isolated from carriers, rectal and fecal samples, and others. In the event of swine salmonellosis under productional conditions better results were obtained with the use of drugs. Both morbidity and mortality rate dropped twice as low with animals treated with a live vaccine once, and with a killed autovaccine four times. Suggested is a prophylactic and control program, following a definite pattern in dealing with swine salmonellosis in enzootic foci, with the use of complex measures.

[Etiology of salmonellosis in swine raised commercially]. / Kum etiologiiata na salmonelozite po svinete, otglezhdani pri promishleni usloviia.

A total of 25,561 samples from swine (cadavers, internal organs, rectal swabs, feed, and washings of premises) were investigated microbiologically over the 1981-1985 period via routinely employed methods for the isolation and typing of Salmonella organisms, following the Kauffmann-White pattern. Tested was the susceptibility of 411 strains by the disk-diffusion method, using drugs of the general practice, and the results were recorded after Bauer. In 5.32 per cent of the samples 19 Salmonella serotypes of the B. C. D, and E groups were isolated. Greatest in the etiology of salmonelloses was still the relative share of S. cholerae suis (85.22%), represented by the two-phase var. america and the autochthonous var. kunzendorf. Second ranked S. typhimurium--5.14%, followed by S. agona--2.20%, S. menden--1.25%, S. thompson--1.18%, S. derby--1.10%, S. bovis-morbificans--0.81%, and others. A change was ascertained in the serotypes isolated from pigs with regard to the exotic types. Sensitive to gentamycin proved 89.9%, to chloramphenicol--79.1%, to carbenicillin--71%, to kanamycin--70%, etc; 75% were resistant to ampicillin, 54.6%--to streptomycin, 51.3%--to tetracycline, and 33.8%--to furazolidone.

[Associated vaccination of pigs against swine fever, erysipelas and Aujeszky's disease]. / Asotsiirano vaksinirane na praseta sreshtu chuma, cervenka i bolestta na Aueski.

Tested was the simultaneous vaccination of pigs against swine fever, swine erysipelas, and Aujeszky's disease. Parallel to this experiment a second group of test pigs were treated with each of the three vaccines at twenty-day intervals. The effect of vaccination was assessed through clinical observations with the test groups and by challenging part of the animals with virulent strains of the swine fever and erysipelas agents. It was found that the successive application of the three vaccines at 20-day intervals (at the age of 50, 70, and 90 days) could induce immunity that lasted for a longer period than the immunity resulting from the simultaneous treatment at the age of 90 days. In order to protect the pigs for sure up to the end of the fattening period a revaccination against swine fever with the simultaneous use of the vaccine against swine erysipelas in both cases was necessary.

[Trials of peroral vaccination of newborn pigs against transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)]. / Opiti za peroralna vaktsinatsiia na novorodeni praseta sreshtu transmisiven gastroenterit (TGE).

Experiments were carried out to apply oral vaccination to newborn pigs against transmissive gastroenteritis on a stationary swine breeding complex at the time when the disease assumed an acute course and on newly infected farms. Used was an attenuated strain an hour prior to allowing the pig to suck. It was found that such vaccination approach was innocuous. It proved effective when applied at the moment of birth both on the infected (stationary) farms and in the new foci of infection--morbidity and mortality were lowered and the body development of pigs was improved. Such vaccination was shown to produce also an antiepizootic effect if systematically used on stationary farms--clinically, there were no new epizootic outbreaks of the diseases.

[Isolation and use of a farm-specific hyperimmune serum against transmissible gastroenteritis]. / Poluchavane i prilagane na obornospetsifichen khiperimunen serum sreshtu transmisiven gastroenterit.

A specific stationary hyperimmune serum was obtained in a pigbreeding complex with a transmissive gastroenteritis infection via trifold (at a fourteen-day interval) i/m injection of sows with 5 cm3 each of undiluted virus (10(6) TCCPE50 per cm3). Tested were hyperimmunization programmes with pigs in the final fattening period. It was found that the use of undiluted virus led to the equation of sows in terms of their immunologic state and to the essential rise of the titer of humoral antibodies. In order to obtain high titer immune serum against transmissive gastroenteritis it is sufficient to proceed with the i/m injection of pigs or adult swine in the final stage of fattening at rising amounts (from 3 to 10 cm3) of attenuated virus of sufficiently high titer (10(6) TCCPE50 per cu. cm). The hyperimmune serum produced a very good prophylactic effect with newborn pigs on the same farm - the twofold oral administration of 5 to 10 cm3 on the day of birth and a couple of days later led to a drop of both morbidity and mortality rate as well as to the improvement of body development.

[Comparative studies on the resorption, anti-anemic action and growth effect of FV-82 and dextrofer-100 on pigs]. / Sravnitelni izsledvaniia vurkhu rezorbtsiiata, protivoanemichnoto deistvie i vliianieto vurkhu rastezha na FV-82 i dekstrofer-100 pri praseta.

Comparative investigations were carried out on the absorption, antianemic action, and growth effect with newborn pigs with FB-82 and dextrofer-100 (an iron dextran complex with 100 mg Fe3+ per cm3) injected i/m. The FB-82 is a combined preparation of 3500000 IU Tylosine tartrate, 0.008 g cyanocobalamin, 0.5 g pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.1 g tartaric acid, and iron dextran up to 100 cm3 (= 100 mg Fe3+/cm3). Dextrofer-100 enriched with 50 mg Zn, 0.5 mg Co, 200 micrograms cyanocobalamin, and 100 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride for 100 cm3 under the compound name of fericin was also used to compare the anti-anemic effect of FB-82 and dextrofer-100. It was found that FB-82 applied to newborn pigs in a single dose of 2 cm3, i/m, was well absorbed; it developed high concentrations of tylosine in the plasma, and its sideremia and antianemic action were similar to those induced by an equivalent (with regard to iron) amount of dextrofer-100, whereas the result concerning the hematocrit value was better. Compared to dextrofer-100 the FB-82 preparation have better protection to pigs (lowered the mortality rate) and induced better development of the animals. Fericin did not differ essentially from FB-82 in terms of its effect on the red blood picture, however, the percent of protected pigs was lower.

[Control of latent enzootic Aujeszky's disease]. / Opit za prekusvane na skritiia epizootichen protses pri bolestta na Aueski.

An attempt was made on a swine-breeding complex, where the virus of Aujeski's disease was demonstrated to interrupt the inapparent epizootic process of the disease. The persistence of the virus on the complex was demonstrated via virologic investigations of organs of pigs with respiratory symptoms and studies of sera of various groups of animals. A batch of pigs was divided into three groups of which one was left untreated, one was vaccinated at the time of weaning, and one was vaccinated at the age of 14 days, using as many as 10 vaccinal doses with one dose of a live vaccine being used at the moment of weaning. During fattening the pigs were kept in isolation and under clinical observation with the study of organs and sera. Wild virus was demonstrated only in the group of twice vaccinated pigs. It was established that the manifold vaccinations of sucking pigs on farms that were enzootic in terms of Aujeszky's disease, using a live vaccines, with the isolation of the animals right after weaning could contribute to the interruption of the inapparent epizootic process.

[Plans for using vaccination in Aujeszky's disease]. / Skhemi za prilozhenie na vaksinatsiia pri bolestta n a Aueski.

A number of clinical, serological, virological and pathomorphological investigations were carried out on pigs bred on a swine-breeding farm, enzootic with regard to AD. One hundred and forty pigs, born by mothers vaccinated with ethanol-saponin vaccine, were inoculated with different quantities of living MK-25 vaccine against AD at the moment of their weaning, as well as on the 15th, 90th and 150th days after the vaccination, were nasally infected in doses 4 cm3 with a virulent/5 x 10(6) CCIU in 1 cm3/virus. No encephalitic clinical symptoms were observed but pathomorphologically was proved a non-suppurative meningoencephalitis with the 1 dose vaccinated pigs, provoked on the 15th day after the vaccination, with those pigs used for control and vaccinated with 1 dose on 90th day and with one control pig on the 180th day. We also proved the presence of lymphohistiocyte interstitial pneumonia as well as intranuclear inclusions in the macrophages of the tonsils. A virus was isolated from the tonsils and from the lungs. Serologically was proved an increase in the titre of antibodies with all test pigs. It was proved that the passively acquired (colostrum) immunity against AD which the pigs, born by vaccinated mothers, possess neutralized the vaccinal virus and prevented the acquisition of an active immunity after vaccination. Its inhibitory action could be overcome by vaccinating with increased quantities of vaccine.

[Participation of Aujeszky's disease virus in the respiratory diseases of swine]. / Uchastie na virusa na bolestta na Aueski v respiratornite bolesti po svinete

Clinical, virologic and seroligic investigations on vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs fattened on two farms with a record of a stationary Aujeszky's disease infection were carried out. Aujeszky's virus was isolated from the lungs of all pigs and partially of other viscera of some of the animals. The serologic studies revealed the dynamics of the antibody titer reise which spoke of the development of an infectious process. The clinical signs observed along with the morphologic changes characteristic of pneumonia, coupled with the advancement of the Aujeszky's disease infection demonstrated that on stationary fattening pig farms Aujeszky's disease assumed the course of a respiratory affection. The discripancy between the results obtained with vaccinated and unvaccinated animals, which were negligible on one of the farms and considerable on the other, was due to variations in the intensity of the infection as well as to the level of passive immunity.