Serum SIRT1 level is higher in male patient with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: the first study in human / El nivel de serum SIRT1 es mayor en pacientes masculinos con hipogonadismo hipogonadotrópico: el primer estudio en humanos

Objective. Our aim is to compare the serum SIRT1 levels between patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and healthy subjects. Material and method. Twenty-five male patients diagnosed with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and thirty healthy male as a control group were included in the study. Serum SIRT1, hormone levels and biochemical parameters, age, body mass index and insulin resistance were compared in both groups. Results. Mean serum SIRT1 levels in patient and control group were 20.1±11.7ng/ml and 12.8±7.1ng/ml, respectively. Difference between both groups was statistically significant (p=0.02). The difference of Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance index (HOMA-IR) between two groups was also statistically significant. Patient group had more insulin resistance than the control group and it was statistically significant (mean HOMA-IR 2.66±1.57 vs. 1.38±0.43; p=0.002). Conclusions. This is the first human study that investigates SIRT1 levels and its relation with metabolic and hormonal parameters. We demonstrated that serum SIRT1 levels in patients with IHH were significantly higher than controls, and there is a negative correlation between testosterone and SIRT1 levels. The reason for elevated SIRT1 levels may be a compensation mechanism against both hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and insulin resistance. To understand the relation between SIRT1 and androgen deficiency, further large-scale randomized control studies are needed (AU)

Objetivo. Nuestro objetivo es comparar los niveles séricos de SIRT1 en pacientes con hipogonadismo hipogonadotrópico (IHH) y en sujetos sanos. Material y método. Veinticinco pacientes masculinos con IHH y 30 hombres como grupo control fueron incluidos en el estudio. Se determinaron los niveles séricos de SIRT1, los niveles hormonales y los parámetros bioquímicos en ambos grupos y se compararon los niveles séricos de SIRT1, testosterona, gonadrotropinas, la edad, el índice de masa corporal y la resistencia a la insulina. Resultados. Los niveles promedio de SIRT1 en los pacientes y el grupo control fueron de 20,1±11,7 y 12,8±7,1ng/ml, respectivamente. La diferencia entre los 2 grupos fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,02). La diferencia del Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) entre los grupos también fue estadísticamente significativa. El grupo de pacientes tuvo mayor resistencia a la insulina que el grupo control y también fue estadísticamente significativa (HOMA-IR promedio 2,66±1,57 vs. 1,38±0,43; p=0,002). Conclusiones. Este es el primer estudio en humanos que mide los niveles séricos de SIRT1 y su relación con parámetros hormonales y metabólicos en pacientes con IHH. Nosotros demostramos que los niveles séricos de SIRT1 en pacientes con IHH fueron significativamente más altos que en el grupo control. También hay una correlación negativa entre los niveles de testosterona y los niveles de SIRT1. Los mecanismos compensatorios del IHH y la resistencia a la insulina pueden ser la principal razón de los niveles elevados de SIRT1. Para entender la relación entre los niveles de SIRT1 y la deficiencia androgénica se necesitan estudios aleatorizados con mayor número de pacientes (AU)

Trimetazidine significantly reduces cerulein-induced pancreatic apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE: Acute pancreatitis continues to be associated with significant rates of mortality and morbidity, and therapeutic options are still very limited. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of trimetazidine on cerulein-induced pancreatic apoptosis and histopathological and biochemistrical consequences of acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were randomized into four groups (group 1: control group; group 2: acute pancreatitis group; group 3: acute pancreatitis and trimetazidine treatment group; group 4: placebo group). Acute edematous pancreatitis was induced by subcutaneous cerulein injection (20 µg/kg) four times at one-hour intervals. Trimetazidine was prepared in suspension form. In group 3, after gas anesthesia, trimetazidine was administrated to rats via a catheter. Serum interleukin (IL)-1ß, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, amylase, lipase and leukocyte levels, pancreatic apoptotic status and pancreatic Schoenberg scores were determined for all groups. Results are given as the mean ± SD. A value of P<0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. SPSS for Windows v15.0 was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: In the acute pancreatitis group IL-1ß, amylase, lipase and leukocyte levels were elevated and pancreatic histopathological evaluation revealed a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis IL-1ß amylase and lipase levels and pancreatic inflammation were decreased significantly in the trimetazidine group (P<0.01). White blood cell counts and TNF-α concentrations for the trimetazidine group and the acute pancreatitis group were not significantly different. Trimetazidine significantly reduced apoptosis in pancreatic tissues and Schoenberg scores were also significantly reduced (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, we showed that trimetazidine treatment significantly decreases the levels of IL-1ß, amylase and lipase reduces pancreatic apoptosis and ameliorates the histopathological findings of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Trimetazidine could be a new therapeutic option in the early treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Comparison of 4 % icodextrin and omega 3 Fatty acids in prevention of peritoneal adhesions.

Postoperative peritoneal adhesions are major concerns in abdominal surgery. In this experimental study, the effects of 4 % icodextrin and omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA) on prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions were evaluated. Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. After laparotomy, serosal abrasion was carried out by cecal brushing. Intraperitoneally 3 cm(3) 0.9 % NaCl, 3 cm(3) 4 % icodextrin, and 200 mg/kg ω-3 FAs for each group were applied, and then the abdomen was closed. All subjects sacrificed 10 days postoperatively. Macroscopic and histopathological cellular reactions as a function of giant cell, lymphocyte/plasmocyte, neutrophil, histiocyte, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) were assessed and hydroxyproline levels were measured in all three groups and compared using Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA tests when appropriate. Macroscopically, both ω-3 FAs and 4 % icodextrin reduced adhesion formation but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.253). Histopathological examination revealed that there was no statistical significance in terms of giant cell, lymphocyte/plasmocyte, neutrophil, ICAM-1, and PECAM-1 scores; however, both ω-3 FAs and 4 % icodextrin were found to be prone to reduce fibrosis (P = 0.047), whereas in the ω-3 FA group, histiocytic reaction was significantly increased (P = 0.001), and hydroxyproline levels were significantly lower than other groups (P = 0.044). In this study, ω-3 FAs were found to be superior to 4 % icodextrin with the lower hydroxyproline level and greater histiocytic reaction. Considering these results, ω-3 FAs can be a promising agent in the prevention of adhesion formation.

Effectiveness of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra) on cerulein-induced experimental acute pancreatitis in rats.

AIM: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is defined as an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Anakinra on cerulein-induced experimental pancreatitis rat model by using the results of biochemical and histopathological findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cerulein was administered to induce AP in rats. Group 1 was the sham group. Subcutancerulein was injected to the rats in group 2 for experimental pancreatitis group. In groups 3 and 4, 100 and 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal Anakinra were injected after the induction of experimental pancreatitis by subcutaneous cerulein in rats, respectively. Lastly, in group 5, rats were injected with intraperitoneal saline and subcutan cerulean for placebo group. The following parameters were evaluated: histopathological score of pancreatitis, apoptotic index, amylase, lipase, TNF-α levels, IL-1ß and the leukocyte count. RESULTS: When the results of serum amylase, lipase, TNF-α and IL-1ß levels, the leukocyte count, histopathologic scores and apoptotic indices of control group compared to the results of other groups, the differences exhibited statistical significance (all p < 0.05). On the other hand, when the results of fourth group compared with the results of third group, the data demonstrated statistical insignificance (p > 0.05). However, no any significant differences were found between the results of fourth and fifth groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In the light of these results, cerulein is an appropriate agent for experimental AP rat model and Anakinra has a favorable therapeutic effect on acute experimental pancreatitis model. Moreover, Anakinra significantly decreases cerulein-related pancreatic tissue injury and pancreatic apoptosis.

Folate and homocysteine metabolisms and their roles in the biochemical basis of neuropsychiatry.

The term 'one-carbon metabolism' is commonly used to describe 3 separate metabolic processes: folate metabolism, the homocysteine remethylation cycle, and the transsulfuration pathway. Folate metabolism concerns the biochemical reactions in which endogenous and exogenous one-carbon units are transferred to tetrahydrofolates. The remethylation cycle is used for the synthesis of methionine from homocysteine with one-carbon units that come from folate. This methionine is thenfused for the synthesis of S-adenosyl methionine, which is a general donor of methyl groups for many biochemical reactions in the human body. In the transsulfuration pathway, some amino acids and polypeptides, such as cystathionine, cysteine, and glutathione, are synthesized from homocysteine. The kinetics of the enzymes in this pathway are regulated by the substrates of the remethylation cycle. The methylation process has been thought to have an important role in the biochemical basis of neuropsychiatry. An elevated homocysteine level is the most important marker of folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies, and also the most reliable biochemical sign of functional insufficiency. Some neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases, such as psychosis, Alzheimer's disease, and autism, have been found to be related to disorders of one-carbon metabolism. This review aims to summarize both one-carbon metabolism and its relationships with neuropsychiatric disorders.

Comparison of the effects of first and second generation silicone hydrogel contact lens wear on tear film osmolarity.

AIM: To compare the effects of first and second generation silicone hydrogel (SiH) contact lens wear on tear film osmolarity. METHODS: The healthy subjects who have never used contact lenses before were enrolled in the study. Tear film osmolarity values of 16 eyes (group 1) who wore first generation SiH contact lenses were compared with those of 18 eyes (group 2) who wore second generation SiH contact lenses after three months follow-up. RESULTS: Before contact lens wear, tear film osmolarity of groups 1 and 2 were 305.02±49.08 milliosmole (mOsm) and 284.66±30.18mOsm, respectively. After three months of contact lens wear, osmolarity values were found 317.74±60.23mOsm in group 1 and 298.40±37.77mOsm in group 2. Although osmolarity values for both groups of SiH contact lens wear after three months periods were slightly higher than before the contact lens wear, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Contact lens wear may cause evaporation from the tear film and can increase tear film osmolarity leading to symptoms of dry eye disease. In the current study, there is a tendency to increase tear film osmolarity for both groups of SiH contact lens wear, but the difference is not statistically significant.

Comparison of deferoxamine and methylprednisolone: protective effect of pharmacological agents on lipid peroxidation in spinal cord injury in rats.

STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of deferoxamine (DFO) administration in comparison with methylprednisolone (MP) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: DFO is used for treating an iron-chelating agent, which is also used in the treatment of iron poisoning and thalassaemia. The neuroprotective effect of DFO was evaulated as a therapeutic agent for SCI. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as sham laminectomy (n = 8), laminectomy with SCI (n = 8), laminectomy with SCI and 0.9% saline intraperitoneal (i.p.) (n = 8), laminectomy with SCI and 30 mg/kg MP i.p. (n = 8), and laminectomy with SCI and 30 mg/kg DFO i.p. (n = 8). Neurological deficits were examined 24 hours after trauma, and all rats were killed. Spinal cord segments were harvested for both biochemical and histopathological evaluation. RESULTS: At 24 hours post-SCI, whereas malondialdehyde levels were increased, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels were decreased in groups I, II, and III. MP and DFO treatment decreased MDA levels and increased superoxide dismutase CAT, and glutathione peroxidase levels in control and study groups. There was no statistically significant difference between treatment with MP and DFO (P> 0.05). All rats were paraplegic after SCI, except in the sham group. Histopathological improvement was observed in control and study groups. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that beneficial effects may be provided and further studies need to investigate the dose-dependent beneficial and side effects of DFO in SCI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

Can serum fetuin-A be regarded as an inflammatory marker among patients with familial Mediterranean fever?

BACKGROUND/AIM: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most frequent periodic fever syndrome, is an autosomal recessive inherited disease that predominantly affects eastern Mediterranean populations. Fetuin-A is a well known negative acute-phase protein. Studies of this glycoprotein as a marker of inflammation in FMF are limited. We have investigated the relationship between serum levels of fetuin-A and inflammatory markers in patients with FMF before, during, and after FMF attacks. METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with FMF were enrolled in this study. Serum fetuin-A, seruloplasmin, fibrinogen, C reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), calcium, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured three times: during the attack-free period, 12 h after FMF attacks, and 7 days after FMF attacks. Plasma fetuin-A concentration was measured by use of an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. Correlations and differentiation between the serum fetuin-A and other inflammatory markers in patients with FMF were investigated by use of the paired-samples T test and the Pearson correlation test (p < 0.01). RESULTS: Serum fetuin-A levels of all FMF patients in the attack period were significantly lower than in the attack-free period (p < 0.001). In contrast, serum seruloplasmin (p < 0.05), fibrinogen (p < 0.001), CRP (p < 0.05), WBC (p < 0.05), and ESR (p < 0.05) were all significantly higher than in the attack-free period. Plasma fetuin-A is significantly and inversely highly correlated with the other inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION: Fetuin-A might be a novel indicator of disease activity in patients with FMF and could be used as an adjunctive marker for differentiation of FMF attacks. The negative correlation between serum fetuin-A and other inflammatory markers may also be indicative of inflammation-dependent downregulation of fetuin-A expression in FMF patients.

Effects of levobupivacaine on wound healing.

BACKGROUND: Local anesthetic infiltration along the incision may be used to provide surgical anesthesia or postoperative analgesia. However, the effect of local anesthetics on wound healing remains controversial. In this investigation, we evaluated the effects of levobupivacaine on wound healing. METHODS: Sixty Wistar albino female rats weighing 230±20 g were included, with 10 rats in each group: group early c (early control): 3 mL isotonic saline; group early l1.25 (early levobupivacaine 1.25): 1.25 mg/kg per 3 mL levobupivacaine; group early l2.5 (early levobupivacaine 2.5): 2.5 mg/kg per 3 mL levobupivacaine; group late c (late control): 3 mL isotonic saline; group late l1.25 (late levobupivacaine 1.25): 1.25 mg/kg per 3 mL levobupivacaine; and group late l2.5 (late levobupivacaine 2.5): 2.5 mg/kg per 3 mL levobupivacaine. Rats in groups early c to early l2.5 were euthanized on the 8th day. Rats in groups late c to late l2.5 were euthanized on the 21st day. Wound tension strength, tissue hydroxyproline, and fibrotic index levels of the tissue samples from the early c and early l2.5 and late c and late l2.5 groups, respectively, on the 8th and 21st days were examined. RESULTS: Levobupivacaine decreased wound tension strength on the 8th day, especially a 2.5 mg/kg dose (P<0.001), and increased it on the 21st day (P<0.001). It also increased the inflammatory response (P<0.001) and collagen synthesis (8th day, P=0.109; 21st day, P=0.103) on both the 8th and 21st days. CONCLUSIONS: While levobupivacaine had a positive effect on wound healing during the early period, negative effects were observed thereafter. Additional studies at the molecular level are necessary to determine the cause of these apparently opposite effects.

Evaluation of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 Levels of the Patients with Nasal Polyposis After Corticosteroid Therapies.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of intrapolyp, systemic and local corticosteroid treatment modalities on MMP-9 and TIMP-1 level in polyp tissues. This study included 71 patients and five groups. Group A treated with oral methylprednisolone, Group B, treated with topical steroid spray, Group C treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide, Group D patients with nasal polyposis who has not given any medication, Group E had surgery for concha bullosa without nasal polyp disease. Samples from group A were collected endoscopically 1 day after treatment was stopped. Group B samples were collected at the end of the first month. Video guided sample collection from Group C was also performed on the 7th day after treatment. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. When we compared the MMP-9 levels of all groups, there were no significant differences. There was significant difference of TIMP-1 level between Groups C and E (pC-E = 0.0019), however there was no difference among the level of the other groups. When MMP-9/TIMP1 rates of all groups were compared, there were significant difference between Group A and D (pA-D = 0.005) and between Group A and E, also between Group C and E. Our study is the first study to evaluate the effects of different corticosteroid treatment modalities on MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in nasal polyps and concluded that corticosteroid did not do a significant impact on this pathway.

Prolidase enzyme activity in varicose venous walls related to sperm count in patients with varicocele.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate peripheral, seminal and varicose venous wall prolidase enzyme activities and their relationships between sperm parameters in patients with varicocele. DESIGN AND METHODS: Prolidase enzyme activities were determined in blood, seminal fluid and varicose vein walls in patients with grade 3 varicocele. Sperm parameters were also measured and the relationships between prolidase enzyme and sperm parameters were assessed by statistical correlation analysis. RESULTS: There was a significant and negative correlation between sperm counts and varicose venous wall prolidase enzyme activities (r = -0.618, p < 0.001) and a positive significant correlation between sperm counts and seminal fluid prolidase enzyme activities (r = 0.676, p < 0.001). None of the parameters were correlated with sperm motility indices. CONCLUSION: Varicose venous wall prolidase enzyme activity could be an important factor in progression of azoospermia and infertility in patients with varicocele.

Effects of hemoperitoneum on wound healing and fibrinolytic activity in colonic anastomosis.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to test whether hemoperitoneum has adverse effects on colonic anastomosis healing by increasing fibrinolytic activity. METHODS: After colonic intersection and anastomosis, 20 Wistar Albino rats received intraabdominal injections of either 25 mg/kg blood (10, Group 1) or physiologic saline (10, Group 2). Anastomotic bursting pressures were measured after sacrifice on the fifth day. Following histopathological evaluation of the anastomotic line, hydroxyproline, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tPA/PAI-1 complex levels were determined in the omentum, lung and anastomotic colon. RESULTS: Mean anastomotic bursting pressures of Groups 1 and 2 were 224.5 mmHg and 254.4 mmHg (p=0.121), and mean hydroxyproline levels were 45.89 and 65.959 mg/g protein, respectively (p=0.257). Histopathology was insignificant. There was a significant difference between groups in omental tPA levels (0.962 ng/ml and 0.27 ng/ml, p=0.041), but not in PAI-1 and tPA/PAI-1. Anastomotic line and lung levels of tPA, PAI-1 and tPA/PAI-1 complex were not significantly different between groups. The relation between anastomotic line tPA level and bursting pressure was highly significant in Group 2 (r=0.778; p=0.008). CONCLUSION: In this first study on the effect of hemoperitoneum on colonic anastomosis, we observed no significant effect on anastomotic healing or fibrinolytic activity, except in the omentum. Further studies with different blood volumes and assessment times are needed.

Are increased carotid artery pulsatility and resistance indexes early signs of vascular abnormalities in young obese males?

PURPOSE: To provide insight into the factors by which obesity in itself may directly lead to early arterial damage, we aimed to determine early sonographic markers of obesity-related vascular dysfunction in young obese males. METHODS: Thirty-five young obese males and 23 age-matched healthy male volunteers were recruited into the study. Common carotid artery pulsatility index and resistance index were calculated from blood flow velocities curves obtained by pulsed Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS: The mean pulsatility index, resistance index, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, plasma fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were statistically higher in obese subjects than in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that depressed vessel compliance and increased vascular resistance are features of young, obese, normotensive subjects independently of and in addition to cardiovascular risk factors. As changes in arterial wall properties may be incipient in young obese subjects, future studies will be required to demonstrate whether early intervention such as diet and exercise in this population can improve vascular functions.

Effects of alpha tocopherol and ascorbic acid on Helicobacter pylori colonization and the severity of gastric inflammation.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: We aimed to evaluate the changes in histopathologic features, concentrations of vitamins C and E in gastric mucosa, and total antioxidant capacity of the body after ingestion of ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol in patients with Helicobacter pylori. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Patients with H. pylori-positive nonulcer dyspepsia were included in this study. Tissue samples were taken from the lesser and greater curvature in both prepyloric antrum and corpus for histopathologic examination and measurement of vitamins C and E concentrations. Blood samples were obtained for measurement of the total antioxidant capacity of the body. The patients were given vitamin C 500 mg BID and vitamin E 200 IU BID for 4 weeks orally. At the end of the 4th week, the initial procedures were repeated. Histopathologic examination of the tissue samples were carried out by two pathologists. RESULTS: The mean vitamins C and E concentrations in gastric mucosa at the 4th week were higher than those at the beginning (p = .000 and p = .006, respectively). Mean total antioxidant capacity of the body at the beginning and that at the 4th week were similar (p = .689). H. pylori intensity in the antrum at the beginning was higher than that at the 4th week for both pathologists (p = .007 and p = .039). Neutrophilic activity in the antrum at the beginning was higher than that at the 4th week for both pathologists (p = .000 and p = .025). Neutrophilic activity in the corpus at the beginning was higher than that at the 4th week for pathologist 1 (p = .033), and they were similar for pathologist 2 (p = .763). CONCLUSION: The findings that H. pylori intensity and neutrophilic activity decrease through increasing gastric ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol concentrations suggest that supplementation with vitamins C and E increases the eradication rates via impairing the microenvironment created by the bacteria and facilitating the diffusion of antibiotics into gastric mucosa.

Frequency of inherited variants in the MEFV gene in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia.

We investigated the frequency of inherited variants in the MEFV gene, which is mutated in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Eight MEFV gene variants (M694I, M694V, M680I (G/C-A), V726A, R761H, E148Q and P369S) were analyzed in 33 MDS patients, 47 AML patients and 65 healthy controls; none had a history or family history compatible with FMF. We identified two homozygous (E148Q/E148Q), one compound heterozygous (M694V/E148Q) and five heterozygous inherited variants in the MEFV gene in AML patients. We also identified nine heterozygous variants in MDS patients, while we found 11 heterozygous variants in controls. The mean overall frequency of inherited variants in the MEFV gene rate was higher in MDS (χ² = 4.241; P = 0.039) and AML (χ² = 3.870; P = 0.043) patients than in healthy controls. In conclusion, this study reports high frequency of inherited variants in the MEFV gene in patients with MDS and AML. However, the hypothesis that MEFV is a cancer susceptibility gene at this point remains speculative. Additional evidence from future studies is needed to allow a more thorough evaluation of this hypothesis.

Apelin, vaspin, visfatin and adiponectin in large for gestational age infants with insulin resistance.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation of circulating four adipokines (apelin, vaspin, visfatin, adiponectin) with markers of insulin sensitivity in large for gestational age (LGA) infants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty LGA infants (20 LGA born from diabetic mothers and 20 LGA born from non-diabetic mothers) and 34 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants were recruited. Hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance was evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), fasting glucose-to-insulin ratio (FGIR), quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICK-I) from fasting samples. Plasma adiponectin and vaspin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Determination of visfatin and apelin levels was performed by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: HOMA-IR, apelin and visfatin levels (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively) were significantly elevated and adiponectin levels, FGIR and QUICK-I values. (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.05, respectively) were significantly lower in the LGA group. Vaspin levels were higher in the LGA group than AGA neonates without a significance. The LGA infants with diabetic mother had significantly higher visfatin, apelin, HOMA-IR values, fasting insulin levels and significantly lower adiponectin, FGIR, QUICK-I values. Apelin and visfatin were correlated positively, and adiponectin was correlated negatively with birthweight, HOMA-IR values and fasting insulin levels. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, it is too difficult to explain relation between birthweight and these adipocytokines, but findings of high insulin, HOMA-IR, visfatin, apelin and low adiponectin levels in the LGA neonates showed that these adipocytokines can be used as a good predictor for metabolic syndrome.