Primary Cardiac Lesions: A Case Series of Five Rare Cases.

Although cardiac lesions have been known to the existence since the Middle Ages, a search on Google or PubMed for 'cardiac lesions' yields very few results. There are few original articles, case series, or clinical trials available on these rare but significant lesions. Cardiac lesions are usually asymptomatic and are detected only incidentally. Symptoms, if present, are varied and depend on the location of the area involved. The overall prevalence of primary cardiac tumors is between 0.17% and 0.19%. Cardiac tumors may be primary (benign or malignant) or metastatic (malignant). Only 25% of primary cardiac tumors are malignant, whereas metastatic tumors to the heart are 30 times more common. The aim of this case series is to highlight the clinical picture, presenting signs and symptoms, and the line of diagnosis of five such primary cardiac lesions that otherwise could remain undiagnosed until a late stage.

Calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe - a rare localization.

Calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, also known as pilomatricoma or pilomatrixoma, mostly arises in the matrix hair follicle. It generally affects the head and neck, upper extremities, and trunk, with the lower extremities being a rare exception. We hereby present a case of a 31-year-old male patient who presented with a small, firm, subcutaneous mass over the left malleolus, which was provisionally diagnosed as lipoma. Surgical excision was performed, and the histopathology report revealed it to be pilomatricoma of the left malleolus.

Kimura's disease embedding radial artery: A very rare presentation.

Kimura's disease (KD) was first described in 1937 by Kimm and Szetoas a reactive, self-limiting, painless, persistent lesion mimicking neoplasm and described it as eosinophilic hyperplastic lymphogranuloma. The present nomenclature was given by Kimura et al., in 1948. It occurs most often in young and middle-aged Asian males. It is most common in head and neck region, involvement of peripheral vasculature although very rare has been documented.

Evaluation of post operative shoulder tip pain in low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Insufflation of carbon dioxide during laparoscopic cholecystectomy leads to postoperative shoulder tip pain. The origin of shoulder pain is commonly assumed to be due to overstretching of the diaphragmatic muscle fibres owing to a high carbon dioxide pressure. AIMS: To study the frequency and intensity of post operative shoulder tip pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and compare low and standard pressure pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy with respect to post operative shoulder tip pain. METHODS: Patients admitted in the department of surgery for elective cholecystectomy were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups (group A and group B). In group A (n = 50), low pressure pneumoperitoneum (8 mm Hg) and in group B (n = 50), standard pressure pneumoperitoneum (14 mm Hg) was generated during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Postoperative shoulder tip pain was assessed at 4, 8 and 24 h after operation by the Visual Analogue Scale of Pain. RESULTS: 14 patients (28%) in group B complained of post operative shoulder tip pain as compared to only 5 patients (10%) in group A. The mean intensity of post operative shoulder tip pain assessed by visual analogue scoring scale at 4, 8 and 24 h was less in group A as compared to group B, although statistical significance was seen only at 4 h. Analgesic requirements and the mean length of post operative stay in the hospital were also less in group A as compared to group B. CONCLUSION: Low pressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LPLC) significantly decreases the frequency and intensity of postoperative shoulder tip pain. LPLC decreases the demand for postoperative analgesics, decreases postoperative hospital stay and hence improves the quality of life in the early stage of postoperative rehabilitation.