RESUMO
Annual gonad hormonal profile of wild, matured mahseer (29 males and 23 female) averaging in weight between 0.95±0.26 and 1.19±0.23 kg for males and females, respectively, were investigated from November 2007 to November 2008 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Blood was collected from caudal vein, monthly and plasma separation by centrifugation was done to measure reproductive hormones: 17ß-estradiol (E(2)), testosterone (T), and 11-keto-testosterone (11KT). Gonads were sampled for histology processing to observe their maturity. Highest T level in females and males was recorded at 0.22±0.016 and 0.88±0.014 ng/ml, respectively. The 11KT showed several peaks and the highest value was noted at 0.7±0.018 ng/ml in November 2008. The female E(2) initially was at 1.48±0.16 ng/ml and significantly increased (P<0.05) to 1.53±0.39 ng/ml in November 2008. Ovaries were laden with oocytes in several stages in all the samples while testes gonad showed a high level of spermatids throughout the year. Changes in plasma level of the gonadal hormones were correlated with the ovarian and testes maturities. In conclusion, the study suggests that mahseer can be categorized as asynchronized and multiple spawner. The information gathered is important for appropriate breeding and conservation programs of the Malaysian mahseer.
Assuntos
Estradiol/metabolismo , Gônadas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Gônadas/metabolismo , Testosterona/análogos & derivados , Testosterona/metabolismo , Animais , Cyprinidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cyprinidae/metabolismo , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Masculino , Ovário/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ovário/metabolismo , Testículo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Testículo/metabolismoRESUMO
There are no data on the knowledge, attitude and practices of Qatari women about this cancer. Therefore this cross-sectional interview-based study was conducted in 2008 among 500 women at 5 randomly selected primary health care centres in Qatar to determine their knowledge, attitude and practices regarding cervical cancer and screening. Just over 85% had heard of cervical cancer and 76% had heard about the Pap smear. Knowledge of cervical cancer was significantly greater among women aged 30-49 years, and those employed, married for > 15 years, with a university degree, or who had had 4 births or 3 miscarriages. Almost 40% had had a Pap smear test at least once and 85.5% of the rest would have a test if they were told that the procedure was painless and simple. Over half wanted the test to be done in the well-woman clinic at the primary health care centre. Knowledge and practice as inadequate among those under 30 years old, those recently married and those with a lower education level.
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Programas de Rastreamento , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Catar , Adulto JovemRESUMO
There are no data on the knowledge, attitude and practices of Qatari women about this cancer. Therefore this cross-sectional interview-based study was conducted in 2008 among 500 women at 5 randomly selected primary health care centres in Qatar to determine their knowledge, attitude and practices regarding cervical cancer and screening. Just over 85% had heard of cervical cancer and 76% had heard about the Pap smear. Knowledge of cervical cancer was significantly greater among women aged 30-49 years, and those employed, married for > 15 years, with a university degree, or who had had 4 births or 3 miscarriages. Almost 40% had had a Pap smear test at least once and 85.5% of the rest would have a test if they were told that the procedure was painless and simple. Over half wanted the test to be done in the well-woman clinic at the primary health care centre. Knowledge and practice was inadequate among those under 30 years old, those recently married and those with a lower education level
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Programas de Rastreamento , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Neoplasias do Colo do ÚteroAssuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Terapias Complementares , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Médicos de Família , Padrões de Prática Médica/organização & administração , Adulto , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Competência Clínica , Terapias Complementares/educação , Terapias Complementares/organização & administração , Terapias Complementares/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Medicina Integrativa , Masculino , Médicos de Família/educação , Médicos de Família/organização & administração , Médicos de Família/psicologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Catar , Segurança , Autoeficácia , Inquéritos e Questionários , População UrbanaRESUMO
A cross-sectional study of knowledge, attitudes and practice of general practitioners [GPs] towards complementary and alternative medicine [CAM] was conducted in Doha, Qatar. Out of 119 respondents, 39.1% reported poor knowledge about CAM. Self-reported knowledge was highest for counselling and psychotherapy [69.0%], diet and supplements [68.1%], acupuncture [45.2%], herbal medicine [47.3%] and massage [42.5%]. While 83.8% described their attitude to CAM as welcoming and 97.5% were interested to learn more about it, fewer [30.1%] had practised it before, referred patients [24.8%] or asked patients' about their use of CAM [34.8%]. Their own lack of knowledge and training in CAM was seen as a barrier to its use by 60.0% of the GPs