Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 9 de 9
Filtrar
1.
Simul Healthc ; 19(1S): S41-S49, 2024 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38240617

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: This systematic review was conducted, according to PRISMA standards, to examine the impact of the level of physical realism of simulation training on clinical, educational, and procedural outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as defined by the World Bank. A search from January 1, 2011 to January 24, 2023 identified 2311 studies that met the inclusion criteria including 9 randomized (n = 627) and 2 case-controlled studies (n = 159). Due to the high risk of bias and inconsistency, the certainty of evidence was very low, and heterogeneity prevented any metaanalysis. We observed limited evidence for desirable effects in participant satisfaction and confidence, but no significant difference in skills acquisition and performance in the clinical practice environment. When considering the equivocal evidence and cost implications, we recommend the use of lower physical realism simulation training in LMIC settings. It is important to standardize outcomes and conduct more studies in lower income settings.


Assuntos
Países em Desenvolvimento , Treinamento por Simulação , Humanos , Atenção à Saúde
2.
Heliyon ; 9(11): e20916, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37954288

RESUMO

The emergence of the Omicron variant in November 2021, has caused panic worldwide due to the rapid evolution and the ability of the virus to escape the immune system. Since, several Omicron sublineages (BA.1 to BA.5) and their descendent recombinant lineages have been circulating worldwide. Furthermore, in December 2022, a new Omicron subvariant XBB.1.5 characterized by an unusual mutation in the spike protein evolved in the United States and rapidly spread to the other continents. Our study reports on the first cases of XBB.1.5 sublineage among indigenous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) positive cases detected through the influenza sentinel surveillance system in Niger. All influenza suspected cases were tested for both influenza and SARS-COV-2 using the Centre for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) Influenza SARS-COV-2 Multiplex quantitative Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) Assay. SARS-COV-2 positive samples with cycle threshold ≤28 were selected for whole genome sequencing subsequently using the Oxford Nanopore Midnight protocol with rapid barcoding on a MinIon MK1B device. A total of 51 SARS-COV-2 positive samples were confirmed between December 2022 and March 2023. We successfully obtained 19 sequences with a predominance of the XBB.1/XBB.1.5 sublineages (73.7 %). In addition, a recombinant XBD sequence was also first-ever identified in early March 2023. Our findings support the need to strengthen the influenza sentinel surveillance for routine Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) surveillance and SARS-COV-2 variants monitoring in Niger.

3.
Cureus ; 15(7): e41935, 2023 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37583749

RESUMO

This paper explores the complexities surrounding achieving universal health coverage (UHC) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and proposes viable strategies to overcome the obstacles. The study's findings contribute to the global discourse on UHC in resource-limited settings and hold significant implications for policy formulation and implementation in both DRC and similar contexts. The introduction emphasises the importance of UHC in promoting equitable access to quality healthcare services for all individuals. Nevertheless, the DRC faces numerous challenges on its path to UHC. This paper identifies four key challenges: Firstly, the fragile healthcare infrastructure in the DRC necessitates the establishment of better-equipped facilities, an adequate healthcare workforce, and improved access to essential medical supplies. These factors hinder the provision of comprehensive health services and impede progress towards UHC. Secondly, socio-economic barriers such as persistent poverty, income disparities, and regional variations pose significant obstacles to achieving UHC in the DRC. Limited financial resources and widespread poverty prevent individuals from accessing healthcare services, exacerbating health inequities. Thirdly, weak health governance, inadequate policy implementation, and limited coordination among stakeholders impede the effective delivery of healthcare services in the DRC. Thus, strengthening governance structures and enhancing policy implementation are essential for UHC. Lastly, the absence of comprehensive health information systems and poor data management hinder evidence-based decision-making and resource allocation. Addressing these deficiencies is vital for monitoring progress and guiding policy formulation towards UHC. Given these challenges, this paper proposes potential solutions and future perspectives for achieving UHC in the DRC. These include strengthening health systems, implementing social protection mechanisms, enacting policy reforms, enhancing governance structures, and strengthening health information systems. Investments in robust health information systems, data collection and management improvements and the enhancement of capacity for health research and surveillance facilitate evidence-based decision-making and progress towards UHC. In conclusion, the DRC faces obstacles related to healthcare infrastructure, socio-economic factors, governance issues, and deficiencies in health information systems in its pursuit of UHC. However, by addressing these challenges through targeted interventions, policy reforms, and improved governance, the DRC can make strides towards ensuring equitable access to high-quality healthcare for all its citizens. Collaboration between national and international stakeholders is crucial for sustaining progress towards UHC and promoting health equity within the country.

4.
Appl Netw Sci ; 6(1): 92, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34841043

RESUMO

Air transportation plays an essential role in the global economy. Therefore, there is a great deal of work to understand better the complex network formed by the links between the origins and destinations of flights. Some investigations show that the world air transportation network exhibits a community and a core-periphery structure. Although precious, these representations do not distinguish the inter-regional (global) web of connections from the regional (local) one. Therefore, we propose a new mesoscopic model called the component structure that decomposes the network into local and global components. Local components are the dense areas of the network, and global components are the nodes and links bridging the local components. As a case study, we consider the unweighted and undirected world air transportation network. Experiments show that it contains seven large local components and multiple small ones spatially well-defined. Moreover, it has a main global component covering the world. We perform an extensive comparative analysis of the structure of the components. Results demonstrate the non-homogeneous nature of the world air transportation network. The local components structure highlights regional differences, and the global component organization captures the efficiency of inter-regional travel. Centrality analysis of the components allows distinguishing airports centered on regional destinations from those focused on inter-regional exchanges. Core analysis is more accurate in the components than in the whole network where Europe dominates, blurring the rest of the world. Besides the world air transportation network, this paper demonstrates the potential of the component decomposition for modeling and analyzing the mesoscale structure of networks.

5.
Cureus ; 13(5): e15328, 2021 May 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34221774

RESUMO

Pancoast tumours (PTs) are apical tumours of the lung that manifest with a variety of symptoms. Herein, we describe a rare case of a 56-year-old female with a one-month history of persistent left leg pain despite advanced imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and orthopaedic input, which was focused onto her left knee being the prime cause of her pain. Her non-resolving symptoms prompted her to attend the Emergency Department. A careful clinical examination pointed towards the left proximal tibia being the most probable cause. Basic radiographic imaging (x-ray) of the left tibia revealed a lytic lesion which was later confirmed to be metastatic disease arising from a Pancoast tumour (PT) following further advanced imaging and diagnostics. This case highlights a unique presentation of a Pancoast tumour that, to our knowledge, has never been reported before in the medical literature. A high index of suspicion, careful examination, and investigation were essential to reach this diagnosis.

6.
Mali Med ; 36(3): 20-23, 2021.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37973594

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Objective of this study was to determine the frequency of tuberculosis (TB) and the impact of immunosuppression in patients living with HIV (PvVIH) monitored at the Regional Hospital Center (CHR) of Maradi. METHODS: That was a retrospective study based on the medical records of PvVIH followed in the infectious diseases department of the CHR of Maradi. All HIV-positive adults were included in regular consultations between January 2013 and September 2018. RESULTS: A total of 872 patients were included. The average age of the cohort was 36.10 years ± 11,53. Of these patients, 15 had tuberculosis infection with a frequency of 1.72% (95% CI: 1.05 - 2.82) and 429 a CD4 T cell count of less than 200 / mm3. Of the 15 co-infected HIV / TB patients, 60% had a CD4 T cell count of less than 200 / mm3 (p = 0.78). HIV1 was tested in 98.73% of cases, HIV2 in 0.69% and both types of virus in 0.58% of cases. All patients who had a TB infection were HIV1 +. CONCLUSION: Knowledge about the prevalence and impact of TB in people living with HIV is needed to establish a mechanism for controlling this disease. It is more than necessary to prevent TB among PLWHIV when CD4 counts begin to decline.


OBJECTIF: L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la fréquence de la tuberculose (TB) et l'impact de l'immunodépression chez les personnes vivants avec le VIH (PvVIH) suivies au Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR) de Maradi. MÉTHODES: Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective à partir des dossiers médicaux de PvVIH suivies dans le service des maladies infectieuses du CHR de Maradi. Ont été inclus tous les adultes séropositifs au VIH vus en consultation régulière entre Janvier 2013 et Septembre 2018. RÉSULTATS: Au total, 872 patients avaient été inclus dans notre étude. L'âge moyen de la cohorte était de 36,10 ans ± 11,53. Parmi ces patients, 15 avaient présenté une infection tuberculeuse soit une fréquence de 1,72% (IC 95% : 1,05 - 2,82) et 429 avaient un taux de Lymphocytes TCD4 inférieur à 200/mm3. Sur les 15 patients co-infectés VIH/TB, 60% avaient un taux de Lymphocytes T CD4 inférieur à 200/mm3 (P=0,78). Le VIH1 était impliqué dans 98,73% des cas, le VIH2 dans 0,69% et les deux types de virus à la fois dans 0,58% des cas. Tous les patients qui avaient présenté une infection tuberculeuse étaient VIH1+. CONCLUSION: Les connaissances sur les fréquences et l'impact sur l'immunodépression de la tuberculose chez les PvVIH sont nécessaires pour la mise en place d'un mécanisme de lutte efficace contre cette maladie. Il est plus que nécessaire de prévenir la tuberculose chez les PvVIH lorsque le taux de CD4 commence à régresser.

7.
Artigo em Francês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1264222

RESUMO

Introduction : Le tétanos est caractérisé par un tableau clinique fait des spasmes musculaires sévères faisant suite à des blessures. La bactérie en cause, Clostridium tétani, a été découverte en 1884 et mise en culture pour la première fois en 1889. C'est une maladie totalement évitable et d'ailleurs quasiment éliminée des pays développés grâce à la vaccination généralisée et à une rigoureuse prophylaxie post-exposition, toutes deux parfaitement codifiées. Objectif : Cette étude rétrospective avait pour but de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et évolutifs du tétanos au CHR de Maradi au Niger. Matériel et méthodes : Les dossiers de malades hospitalisés au service des maladies contagieuses du CHR de janvier 2011 à aout 2018 ont été évalués. Résultats : Nous avions colligé 49 cas de tétanos sur un total de 2930 malades hospitalisés dans le service soit un taux de prévalence de 1,67 %; 32,65 % des patients étaient âgés de 0 à 15 ans. La porte d'entrée tégumentaire a été la plus fréquemment retrouvée (vingt huit cas). D'autres portes d'entrée ont été notées : fracture ouverte (5 cas), injection intramusculaire (1 cas), ombilicale (2 cas), brulure corporelle (2cas). 57,14% des malades étaient au stade II de la classification de Mollaret. On a enregistré 19 décès sous traitement, soit un taux de létalité de 38,78 %. Le stade clinique des patients à l'admission a été associé au décès avec une P = 0,0030.Conclusion: La sensibilisation des populations, le renforcement du programme élargi de vaccination et l'amélioration de la prise en charge des malades devraient permettre de réduire encore davantage la mortalité liée au tétanos


Assuntos
Clostridium tetani , Progressão da Doença , Programas de Imunização , Níger , Tétano/diagnóstico , Tétano/epidemiologia , Tétano/etiologia , Tétano/prevenção & controle
8.
Artigo em Francês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1264241

RESUMO

Introduction :L'émergence de la résistance aux antituberculeux constitue les défis actuels de la lutte contre la tuberculose. Le Niger n'est pas en reste de la tuberculose multirésistante avec 2,6% chez les nouveaux cas en 2016. Objectif :L'objectif de notre travail était d'évaluer la résistance de Mycobacterium tuberculosis à la rifampicine dans la région de Zinder. Méthodologie: Il s'agit d'une étude transversale à visée descriptive qui a duré 5 ans de septembre 2014 à septembre 2018. Au total 225 échantillons ont été collectés et traités. Le test GeneXpert MTB/RIF a été effectué sur les mêmes échantillons pour détecter simultanément la présence deMycobacterium tuberculosis et la résistance à la rifampicine. Résultats :Sur l'ensemble de la population à l'étude, la résistance à la rifampicine a été retrouvée chez 14 patients soit 6,2%. La tranche d'âge la plus touchée était celle de 20 à 40 ans avec un sexe- ratio (M/F) de 3,5. L'âge médian était de 38 ans avec des extrêmes de 26 mois et de 80 ans. La fréquence de la résistance à la rifampicine parmi les malades de la tuberculose était de 13%. La résistance primaire a été évaluée à 1% et la résistance secondaire à 12% parmi les 110 patients MTB positifs. La co-infection TB/VIH était de 5,8%. Conclusion : la résistance aux antituberculeux est une réalité au Niger. Des mesures idoiness'imposent à tous les niveaux de la lutte antituberculeuse pour éviter l'échec du traitement antituberculeux et la propagation des souches résistantes


Assuntos
Antituberculosos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Níger , Pacientes , Tuberculose
9.
Mali Med ; 33(4): 36-39, 2018.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35897239

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HBs Ag in HIV-infected patients followed at the Maradi CHR. METHODS: This is a retrospective study based on the records of the infectious diseases department of the CHR of Maradi. Included were all HIV-positive adults seen in consultation who received HBs Ag research between 2006 and 2018. The data was collected from patients' medical records. RESULTS: In total, 2770 patients included in our study. The average age of the cohort was 38 years old. Of these patients, 159 had HBs Ag or a prevalence of 5.74% (95% CI: 4.93 - 6.67). HIV-HBV coinfections were higher in men (52.20%). HIV1 subtype was involved in 96.86% of cases. Two patients co-infected with HIV-HBV had HIV1 and HIV2 dual profile. Which represents 1.26% (95% CI: 0.15 - 4.47). CONCLUSION: This study confirms the high prevalence rate of HBV coinfection in HIV-infected patients. It is therefore necessary to screen all HIV-infected patients for better management.


OBJECTIF: La présente étude visait à déterminer la séroprévalence de l'Ag HBs chez les patients infectés par le VIH suivi au CHR de Maradi. MÉTHODES: Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective réalisée à partir des registres du service des maladies infectieuses du CHR de Maradi. Ont été inclus tous les adultes séropositifs au VIH vus en consultation et ayant bénéficié d'une recherche de l'Ag HBs entre 2006 et 2018. Les données ont été collectées à partir des dossiers médicaux des patients. RÉSULTATS: Au total, 2770 patients inclus dans notre étude. L'âge moyen était de 38 ans. Parmi ces patients, 159 étaient porteuses de l'Ag HBs soit une prévalence de 5,74% (IC 95% : 4,93 - 6,67). Le taux des coinfectés VIH-VHB étaient plus élevé chez les hommes (52,20%). Le sous type VIH1 était impliqué dans 96,86% des cas. Deux patients co-infectés VIH-VHB avait présenté le double profile VIH1 et VIH2 soit 1,26% (IC 95% : 0,15 - 4,47). CONCLUSION: Cette étude confirme le taux de prévalence élevé de la coinfection par le VHB chez les patients infectés par le VIH. Il est donc nécessaire de dépister tous les patients infectés par le VIH en vue d'une meilleure prise en charge.

SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...