Solid-state synthesis, magnetic and structural properties of interfacial B2-FeRh(001) layers in Rh/Fe(001) films.

Here we first report results of the start of the solid-state reaction at the Rh/Fe(001) interface and the structural and magnetic phase transformations in 52Rh/48Fe(001), 45Rh/55Fe(001), 68Rh/32Fe(001) bilayers from room temperature to 800 °C. For all bilayers the non-magnetic nanocrystalline phase with a B2 structure (nfm-B2) is the first phase that is formed on the Rh/Fe(001) interface near 100 °C. Above 300 °C, without changing the nanocrystalline B2 structure, the phase grows into the low-magnetization modification αl' (MSl ~ 825 emu/cm3) of the ferromagnetic α' phase which has a reversible αl' ↔ α" transition. After annealing 52Rh/48Fe(001) bilayers above 600 °C the αl' phase increases in grain size and either develops into αh' with high magnetization (MSh ~ 1,220 emu/cm3) or remains in the αl' phase. In contrast to αl', the αh' ↔ α" transition in the αh' films is completely suppressed. When the annealing temperature of the 45Rh/55Fe(001) samples is increased from 450 to 800 °C the low-magnetization nanocrystalline αl' films develop into high crystalline perfection epitaxial αh'(001) layers, which have a high magnetization of ~ 1,275 emu/cm3. αh'(001) films do not undergo a transition to an antiferromagnetic α" phase. In 68Rh/32Fe(001) samples above 500 °C non-magnetic epitaxial γ(001) layers grow on the Fe(001) interface as a result of the solid-state reaction between the epitaxial αl'(001) and polycrystalline Rh films. Our results demonstrate not only the complex nature of chemical interactions at the low-temperature synthesis of the nfm-B2 and αl' phases in Rh/Fe(001) bilayers, but also establish their continuous link with chemical mechanisms underlying reversible αl' ↔ α" transitions.

[Early specialized surgical care for gunshot wounds of major vessels in Donbas].

The authors share their experience gained in rendering early specialized surgical care during combat operations in Donbas, having operated on a total of 139 wounded with lesions of large vessels, of these, 21 (15.1%) presenting with concomitant lesions of vessels. Reconstructive operations were carried out in 122 (87.8%) wounded, ligating operations - in 12 (8.6%), and primary amputations - in 5 (3.6%). Two (1.4%) patients died. Blood flow was restored in 117 (84.2%) patients, with six amputations performed after primary operations. The limb was saved in 116 (83.4%) wounded. Peculiarities of a vascular injury in Donbas comprise a large proportion of severe concomitant vascular wounds and lack of intermediate stages of evacuation. The prognosis of life and limb salvage largely depends on correctly chosen method of temporary arrest of bleeding at first stages of medical evacuation and shortening the terms of rendering first specialized surgical care. The variant of operation (reconstruction, ligation or primary amputation) in severe concomitant vascular wounds should be determined proceeding from the degree of ischaemia and severity of the condition of the wounded person, assessed by means of the Military Surgery - Mangled Extremity Severity Score.

[Determination of Al, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Tl in whole blood by atomic absorption spectrometry without preliminary sample digestion].

Methods of whole blood trace element determination by Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (in the variant of Zeeman's modulation polarization spectrometry) have been proposed. They do not require preliminary sample digestion. Furnace programs, modifiers and blood dilution factors were optimized. Seronorm™ human whole blood reference materials were used for validation. Dynamic ranges (for undiluted blood samples) were: Al 8 ¸ 210 мg/L; Be 0.3 ¸ 50 мg/L; Cd 0.2 ¸ 75 мg/L; Сo 5 ¸ 350 мg/L; Cr 10 ¸ 100 мg/L; Mn 6 ¸ 250 мg/L; Ni 10 ¸ 350 мg/L; Pb 3 ¸ 240 мg/L; Se 10 ¸ 500 мg/L; Tl 2 ¸ 600 мg/L. Precision (RSD) for the middle of dynamic range ranged from 5% for Mn to 11 for Se.

Biomonitoring of 20 trace elements in blood and urine of occupationally exposed workers by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

A sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method for the determination of Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Tl, U, V and Zn in whole blood and urine was designed. Microwave-assisted digestion with concentrated nitric acid was used for blood samples. Urine samples were analyzed after 1/50 (v/v) dilution with 5% (v/v) nitric acid. For beryllium the necessity of medium resolution mode (R=4000) was shown. Method validation was performed using blood and urine reference materials and by analyzing of spiked samples. For the designed method relative standard deviation (RSD) for the concentration range 0.01-1.0 µg/L was 5-10%. RSD did not exceed 3% when trace elements concentrations were above 1.0 µg/L. Method detection limits (3σ): Ag 0.7 ng/L, Al 16 ng/L, As 3.4 ng/L, Ba 0.02 ng/L, Be 1.5 ng/L, Cd 7.7 ng/L, Co 1.0 ng/L, Cr 2.8 ng/L, Cs 9.8 ng/L, Cu 27 ng/L, Fe 1.1 ng/L, Mn 1.8 ng/L, Ni 17 ng/L, Pb 13 ng/L, Se 0.07 ng/L, Sr 5.7 ng/L, Tl 0.2 ng/L, U 0.1 ng/L, V 0.7 ng/L and Zn 1.2 ng/L. A developed method was applied for trace element biomonitoring of occupationally exposed workers of a beryllium processing enterprise. For preliminary risk assessment technological surface dust had been analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Based upon results of 50 blood and 40 urine samples analyses occupational exposure evaluation was performed. Exposure risks were found not to exceed acceptable ranges. Possible health hazards were found for Be and also Al, Cr, Mn. Occupational health and safety recommendations for the biomonitored enterprise medical care unit were issued as a result of the current investigation.

[Efficacy of two-level infrainguinal reconstructions in treatment of chronic critical lower limb ischaemia].

AIM: to determine the scope of infrainguinal revascularization of the limb in patients with multilevel lesions of arteries in chronic critical lower limb ischaemia (CCLLI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of graft patency and limb salvage included a total of 76 patients undergoing a total of 78 bypass procedures consisting of: 1) two-level infrainguinal reconstructions (n = 35), 2) femoral-tibial (n = 36) and femoralplantar (n 7) bypass procedures. All patients had an isolated segment, of the popliteal artery in a combination with bifurcation arterial occlusive disease. Autovenous reversed retrograde and orthotopic in (situ vein grafts were used. All patients underwent intraoperative haemodynamic measurements. Graft patency was assessed by Doppler monitoring. The two groups studied were compared by demographic features and risk factors by means of the Student's and chi-squared tests. RESULTS: Life-table analysis showed demonstrated that two-level infrainguinal reconstructions provided better primary 3-year patency (76.2%) as compared with femoral-tibia! and plantar bypasses (60.4%, p<0.05). Intraoperative mortality occurred in 2 patients (2.5%). Early and mid-term thromboses appeared to be most frequently encountered in the group of femoral-tibial, and plantar reconstructions (18.6% vs 11.4%, p<0.38 and 30.8% vs 10.3%, p=0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION: Two-level infrainguinal arterial reconstruction in patients with CCLLI is an acceptable procedure alternative providing better graft patency higher limb salvage rate as compared with femoral-tibial or femoroplantar bypass.

Direct and rapid analysis of ambient air and exhaled air via electrostatic precipitation of aerosols in an atomizer furnace and Zeeman spectrometry.

Techniques that allow the elements present in the air to be determined in a simple and rapid manner are very attractive. Direct aerosol sampling techniques avoid the need to pretreat the filter via wet digestion in order to remove any sources of contamination, and they decrease the precipitation time significantly. Analyzers based on this technique can also determine the concentrations of elements in the air automatically in situ. This paper is concerned with the development of a novel analytical system that is based on electrostatically precipitating aerosols from the air into a graphite furnace. The equipment includes a Zeeman spectrometer with high frequency modulation polarization (MGA-915), and an electrostatic precipitation system incorporated into the analyzer. The high sensitivity of the system developed here means that it can be used to determine element concentrations in the air exhaled by humans, as well as those in ambient air.

[Strategies of surgical treatment of hemorrhage in postinfection damage of the main vessels in patients with substance dependence]. / Taktika khirurgicheskogo lecheniia krovotecheniia pri postin"ektsionnom povrezhdenii magistral'nykh sosudov u bol'nykh s narkoticheskoi zavisimost'iu.

There was summarized experience of surgical treatment of 88 patients with narcotic dependence, in whom the hemorrhage have occurred due to postinjection injury of the main vessels. Reconstructive-restorational operations were conducted in acute period in the absence of sepsis, hemorrhagic shock and vast focus of infection, using auto vein and in the remote period--synthetic prostheses. All the patients, suffering narcotic dependence, admitted to the clinic, are considered as probably AIDS-infected. Medical staff, performing medicinal care in such patients, must be provided with the individual defense facilities.

[Hemodynamic criteria of prognostication of the outcome in revascularization of the lower limbs in severe ischemia]. / Gemodinamicheskie kriterii prognozirovaniia iskhoda revaskuliarizatsii nizhnikh konechnostei pri tiazheloi ishemii.

Experience of surgical treatment of 166 patients with severe lower limbs ischemia is summarized. The parameters of regional hemodynamics got with the help of ultrasound dopplerography, electro-magnetic flowmetry, percutaneous pO2 monitoring in the foot skin and registration of peripheral resistance of artery in distal anastomosis zone were used for prognostication of the vascular transplant function while aorto-femoral and femoro-popliteal segments reconstruction. The choice of surgical procedure tactics in accordance with prognosticated outcome permitted to lower the prevalence of an early postoperative complications from 17 to 8.4%.

[The potentials of polarography in predicting the effect of a reconstructive operation in patients with severe ischemia of the lower extremities]. / Vozmozhnosti poliarografii v prognozirovanii éffekta rekonstruktivnoi operatsii u bol'nykh s tiazheloi ishemiei nizhnikh konechnostei.

Possibilities to prognose the effect of reconstructive operation on the lower extremity vessels are shown on the basis of transcutaneous of oxygen on the dorsal surface of the foot in complex with ultrasonic Dopplerometry in patients with severe ischemia of lower extremities. Effectiveness of the test with the orthostatic growth of Po is proved. An examination of 60 patients with severe ischemia of lower extremities and 10 patients without pathology of main vessels (control group) was performed. Operations were performed on 48 patients, in 35 of them reconstructive operations were made. No correlation was found between preoperative value of Po and a result of the reconstruction. A correlation was found between the value of the orthostatic growth of Po and outcome of the reconstructive operation. The average growth of Po in the group of patients with a negative outcome of the reconstruction made up 9.93 + 2.78 mm Hg, with a positive outcome it was 14.137 + 2.30 mm Hg (p < 0.05). In patients with malleolus index of the regional systolic pressure > 0.3 with the orthostatic growth of Po > 20 mm Hg the probability of positive prognosis of the reconstruction made up 88.8%.

[The potentials for noninvasive diagnosis in predicting the effect of a reconstructive operation in patients with severe ischemia of the lower extremities]. / Vozmozhnosti neinvazivnoi diagnostiki v prognozirovanii éffekta rekonstruktivnoi operatsii u bol'nykh s tiazheloi ishemiei nizhnikh konechnostei.

The paper discusses whether the outcome of reconstructive surgery can be predicted by using the orthostatic test in Doppler sonography and transcutaneous polarography. A total of 97 patients with severe lower extremity ischemia were studied, of them 87 were operated on. Reconstructive operations on the vessels were performed in 72 patients. There was no relationship between the value of the humero-mallear index of regional systolic pressure as well as TcpO2 and the outcome of an operation. At the same time there was a correlation between the orthostatic rise in regional systolic pressure on the tibial arteries at the ankle-bone and the orthostatic increase in pO2 in the feet and the outcome of a reconstructive operation. The orthostatic rise in pO2 and regional systolic pressure was 8.06 +/- 4.0 and 58.2 +/- 5.43 mm Hg in patients with poor outcomes and inoperable patients, respectively. In good outcomes, these figures were 17.8 +/- 2.14 and 91.3 +/- 3.64 mm Hg (p < 0.05), respectively. The positive outcome of a reconstructive operations was observed in 88.8 = 92.0% patients with an orthostatic rise of pO2 in the feet by more than 20 mm Hg and that at the ankle-bone by more than 90 mm Hg.

[Surgical treatment of combined occlusions of the aorto-femoral and femoro-popliteal vascular segments in patients with severe ischemia of the lower extremities]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie sochetannoi okkliuzii sosudov aorto- bedrennogo i bedrenno-podkolennogo segmentov u bol'nykh s tiazheloi ishemiei nizhnikh konechnostei.

The experience with surgical treatment of 107 patients with severe ischemia of the lower extremities, including 52 with associated lesion of the vessels of the aorto-femoral and femoro-popliteal segments, is summarized. A complex of preoperative and intraoperative assessment of regional hemodynamics was used. This permitted to avoid the amputation of an extremity in 86.6% of the patients.

[Optimal hemodynamic conditions for performing reconstructive- restorative operations on the aorto-femoral segments]. / Optimal'nye gemodinamicheskie usloviia vypolneniia rekonstruktivno- vcosstanovite'nykh operatsii na sosudakh aorto-bedrennogo segmenta.

According to the results of examination of 170 patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the vessels of the aortofemoral segment and 170 virtually healthy subjects by means of the tetrapolar rheography, the prognostic value of the hypokinetic type of circulation in the development of cardiologic complications after reconstructive operations on the vessels mentioned was established. It is admitted that the value of cardiac index equal to 1.4 l/(min.m2) is a contraindication for the performance of reconstructive-restorative operations on the vessels of the aortofemoral segment.

[Use of transesophageal electrostimulation of the atrium and nitroglycerin test in the evaluation of the degree of risk of the development of cardiac complications after reconstructive surgery in patients with Leriche's syndrome]. / Primenenie chrespishchevodnoi élektrostimuliatsii predserdii iprobys nitroglitserinom dlia otsenki stepeni riska razvitiia kardial'nykh oslozhnenii posle rekonstruktivnykh operatsii u bol'nykh s sindromom Lerisha.

By the method of transesophageal electrostimulation of the left auricle, 98 patients with Leriche's syndrome were examined. Of them in 51, the coronary disease was revealed. The degree of ischemic changes in the terminal part of the ventricular complex were defined by the rate of stimulation, depth of the ST segment shift, and duration of ischemic depression. The nitroglycerin test permitted to evaluate the anti-ischemic effect of the drug, quality and effectiveness of the preoperative preparation. In patients with negative or doubtful anti-ischemic effect, the risk of the development of cardiac complications increases.

[Expediency of combined lumbar sympathectomy with reconstructive-restorative operations in arteriosclerotic lesion of the aorto-femoral segment]. / Tselesoobraznost' sochetaniia poiasnichnoi simpatéktomii s rekonstruktivno-vosstanovitel'nymi operatsiiami pri ateroskleroticheskom porazhenii aortopodvzdoshnogo segmenta.

An examination of patients after reconstructive operations on the aorto-femoral segment in combination with lumbar sympathectomy (173 patients) and without it (75 patients) has shown sympathetcomy to promote reduction of the amount of postoperative thromboses and amputations in the early postoperative period. In the remote period the frequency of reocclusions in patients subjected to sympathectomy was higher. The authors consider that sympathectomy is responsible for progress of atherosclerosis.