The Effect of Vitamin D3 on Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in High-Glucose Conditions.

NETosis, i.e., the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), and neutrophil autophagy are important elements in the pathogenesis and the development of complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, the search of drugs that can regulate the level of NETosis and autophagy in T2DM is relevant. Here we studied an ex vivo NET formation and neutrophil death in whole blood from healthy subjects upon the addition of glucose up to a high concentration of 15 mM or/and the phorbol ester PMA (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate). Their individual and combined action caused neutrophil death and an increase in NET content. It can be hypothesized that this resulted from activation of NETosis and autophagy. It was also shown that this activation of NETosis and autophagy is completely prevented by daily intake of 1000 IU vitamin D3 for 14 days. Therefore, vitamin D3 supplementation can be considered as a preventive measure against the development of T2DM complications.

[Surgical treatment of heart valve disease and cardiac tumors via the right-sided minithoracotomy]. / Opyt lecheniya priobretennykh, vrozhdennykh porokov serdtsa i opukholei serdtsa s ispol'zovaniem pravostoronnei mini-torakotomii.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early outcomes of surgical treatment of heart valve disease and cardiac tumors via the right-sided minithoracotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 77 interventions via the right-sided minithoracotomy for the period from 2017 to March 2021 (29 men (37.7%) and 48 women (62.3%) aged 50.9±13 years (95% CI 48-53.9)). Heart failure NYHA class III prevailed (45.5%). The following interventions were performed: mitral valve replacement - 32 (41.5%) patients, mitral valve repair - 22 (28.6%) patients, atrial septal defect closure - 13 (16.9%) patients, resection of the left atrial myxoma - 4 (5.2%) patients, atrial septal defect closure + tricuspid valve repair - 2 (2.6%) patients, tricuspid valve replacement - 2 (2.6%) patients, mitral valve repair + atrial septal defect closure - 1 (2.6%) patient, mitral valve repair + atrial septal defect closure + right middle lobectomy - 1 (2.6%) patient. RESULTS: There were no in-hospital mortality and major cardiac events. Conversion was required in 1 case (1.3%). Enlargement up conventional to thoracotomy was required in 1 case (1.3%). Surgery time was 217 min (Q1-Q3 188-258), cardiopulmonary bypass time - 106 min (Q1-Q3 91-124), aortic cross-clamping time - 82±29 min (95% CI 76-89). Intraoperative blood loss was 500 ml (Q1-Q3 400-600). Mean postoperative hospital-stay was 6.7±1.8 days (95% CI 6.3-7.1). CONCLUSION: Heart valve surgery and resection of cardiac tumors via the right-sided minithoracotomy is a safe and effective approach to ensure chest stability, fast postoperative recovery and favorable cosmetic result. Surgery time is decreased along the learning curve.

[Sinus septal defect closure with correction of partial anomalous pulmonary vein drainage through mini-thoracotomy]. / Plastika sinus septum defekta s korrektsiei chastichnogo anomal'nogo drenazha legochnykh ven iz minitorakotomnogo dostupa.

Mini-thoracotomy is one of the most popular minimally invasive approaches. This approach is used in the treatment of congenital and acquired heart diseases and characterized less surgical trauma, intraoperative blood loss, pain syndrome severity, risk of infectious complications and better cosmetic results. Successful correction of atrial septal defect (ASD) through right-sided mini-thoracotomy is reported in the article.

[Evolution of mitral valve replacement]. / Évoliutsiia protezirovaniia mitral'nogo klapana.

Historical development of mitral valve surgery at Petrovsky Russian Research Center for Surgery is described in the article. Evolution of artificial heart valves design and development of surgical techniques are presented.

[Phenomenological Regularities of Assessment of Left Ventricle Function in Mitral Valve Insufficiency].

OBJECTIVE: to examine relationship between anatomical changes of the left ventricle (LV), dynamics of velocity of its volume modification, and blood flows in the LV in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) before and after surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included into this study 58 patients with severe 3-4 degree MR (38 men, 20 women aged 24-69 [mean age 51±9] years) in sinus rhythm (96 %) or atrial fibrillation (4 %). The control group included 86 healthy volunteers, mean age 39±7 years. Transthoracic echocardiographic studies were performed in both groups by standard technique at rest using a high-quality echocardiograph Vivid E9, equipped with a 3.5-4.6 MHz multi frequency transducer (in patients before and after surgical repair - mitral valve [MV] replacement and MV reconstruction with annuloplasty ring). The analysis of files recorded was performed off-line by vector analysis technique including estimation of myocardial deformation velocities and dynamics of LV volume modification, construction of "flow-volume" diagram, calculation of the expended kinetic energy, and registration of intraventricular blood flows. RESULTS: End diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV) and total stroke volume (TSV) (effective + retrograde) were significantly increased in patients with severe LV volume overload before surgery in comparison with the control group (p.

Constrictive pericarditis in a patient with inherited factor VII deficiency.

Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is the final stage of a chronic inflammatory process characterized by fibrous thickening and calcification of the pericardium that impairs diastolic filling, reduces cardiac output, and ultimately leads to heart failure. We present a clinical case of CP in a patient with rare inherited bleeding disorder - factor VII deficiency. Heart failure due to CP was suspected based on clinical symptoms, results of ultrasonic and radiological investigations. The diagnosis was verified by the results of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Pericardectomy was performed resulting in significant improvement in the patient's condition.

[Immunoassay and discriminant analysis to improve the diagnosis of ovarian cancer in the elderly.]

Ovarian cancer is a common pathology in the structure of tumors among elderly women. The aim of the work is to identify the leading indicators of interleukin profile to improve the diagnosis of ovarian cancer in the elderly. Enzyme immunoassay studied serum levels of interleukins in 78 patients with ovarian cancer stage IIB-IIIB according to the classification of FIGO at the age of 65-70 years and 42 women of similar age without ovarian cancer at the time of the study and in history. The differentiation of the compared groups is carried out by means of discriminant method. The leading diagnostic interleukins for ovarian cancer in the elderly are IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-8 and TNF-α. The constructed discriminant models allow to differentiate patients with ovarian cancer and control women with an accuracy of 93.2-93.8%. The use of enzyme immunoassay and discriminant analysis improve the diagnosis of ovarian cancer in the elderly.

[The development of diagnostic of acute endometritis on the basis of modeling and cluster analysis of parameters of local immunity.]

The acute endometritis provoking expressed disorders of local immunity is considered as one of the prevalent complications of postnatal period and abortions. The purpose of study is to develop diagnostic of acute endometritis on the basis of applied correlation modeling and cluster analysis techniques diagnostically priority-driven immunological indices of vaginal cervical mucus. The sample included main group (154 patients with acute endometritis) and control group (103 patients with uncomplicated post-natal period). Both groups were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to analyze content of immunoglobulins, components of complement and lysozyme in vaginal cervical mucus. The sampling of diagnostically significant indices was implemented using correlation and cluster analysis techniques. It is established that chief diagnostic indices of local immunity in case of acute endometritis are IG M, sIg A, С4 components of complement and lysozyme. The established diagnostically significant parameters of local immunity provide development of detection of acute endometritis according less number of indices.

[Diagnostics and surgical tactics for papillary fibroelastomas of the heart]. / Diagnostika i khirurgicheskaya taktika pri papillyarnykh fibroelastomakh serdtsa.

AIM: To investigate clinical, diagnostic and surgical aspects of papillary fibroelastomas of the heart. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical, diagnostic and surgical aspects of papillary fibroelastomas of the heart were analyzed in 12 patients. RESULTS: Diagnosis was obtained using two-dimensional echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography or computed tomography. Surgical treatment involved isolated excision of the tumor or combined with valve repair or replacement in case of valvular involvement. Hospital mortality was absent. CONCLUSION: Successful surgical treatment implies urgency, optimal exposition under hypothermic perfusion and pharmaco-cold cardioplegia, simple excision of the tumors and correction of comorbidities if it is necessary.

An approach to growth of Fe-Si multilayers with controlled composition profile-a way to exchange coupled thin films.

The growth, composition and structure of sandwich structures (Fe-rich layer/Si-rich layer/Fe-rich silicide layer) grown on a Si(111) surface were studied by a few complementary microscopic and spectroscopic techniques with high spatial resolution. Intermixing at the Fe/Si and Si/Fe interfaces is demonstrated. Fe-rich layers grown directly on the Si(111) surface are crystalline and have abrupt but rough interfaces at both sides. The succeeding layers are disordered and their interfaces are fuzzy. The distributions of Fe and Si within the layers are laterally non-uniform. The reproducible fabrication of thin non-magnetic silicide spacers of predetermined thickness is demonstrated. Sandwich structures with such spacers exhibit exchange coupling between ferromagnetic Fe-rich layers.

[The differentiated diagnostic of chronic salpingoophoritis and ovary cancer on the basis of immunologic and discriminant techniquea.]

The ovary cancer and chronic salpingoophoritis are among leading pathologies of female's sexual sphere and a main cause of morbidity and mortality of female population. The purpose of study was to select leading differential diagnostic indices of systemic cellular immunity and to carry out a differentiation of patients with ovary cancer and chronic salpingoophoritis using discriminant technique. The differentiated diagnostic of ovary cancer and chronic salpingoophoritis was applied to 92 and 87 patients correspondingly to indices of systemic cellular immunity and analyzed by flow cytometry technique. It is demonstrated that the main differential diagnostic indices of systemic cellular immunity in case of ovary cancer and chronic salpingoophoritis are decreasing of relative content of natural killers, absolute number of B-lymphocytes and T-helpers. The developed discriminant models permit to carry out in 91.8%-92.1% cases a faultless differentiated diagnostic of ovary cancer and chronic salpingoophoritis. The approach like that increases quality of differentiated diagnostic of ovary cancer and chronic salpingoophoritis.

[The diagnostic significance and clustering of parameters of systemic humoral immunity under acute endometritis.]

The acute endometritis is an actual medical problem in the structure of gynecological pathology and its complications result in incapacitation, infertility and lethality. The purpose of study is to ameliorate laboratory diagnostic of acute endometritis at the expense of selection of diagnostically significant and similar clusters of systemic humoral immunity. he analysis was carried out concerning parameters of systemichumoral immunity in 154 patients with post-natal acute endometritis and 103 patients with non-complicated post-natal period using the radial immunodiffusion technique. The selection of diagnostically significant parameters was implemented at the basis of indices of shifting, disintegration and cluster analysis method. The leading value for laboratory diagnostic of acute endometritis according indices of shifting, disintegration and cluster analysis among parameters of systemic humoral immunity keep content of IgA in blood, absolute number of SD20+ and circulating immune complexes. The selection of diagnostically significant and similar indices of humoral immunity permits to decrease number of detecting parameters at the diagnostic of acute endometritis.

COMPARISON OF CELL CYCLE DURATION IN THE MONOLAYER CELL LINE OF HEPATOMA ZAJDELA AND ITS SUBLINES 3H AND 9C CULTIVATED IN VITRO.

We studied proliferative features of cells in monolayer line of rat hepatoma Zajdela (the original, parent line) and in the sublines 3H and 9C cloned from different types of the colonies of the parental line. These sublines also differed by cytomorphometric parameters, by the types of colonies formed at recloning of these cells in vitro, and by tumorogenicity at transplantation to a rat. Using a time-lapse video of native living cells, we analyzed the cell cycle duration (CCD) and its relationship to a cell shape. Direct measurement of the CCD (a time period from mitosis to mitosis) was performed in individual cells of non-synchronized cultures. Average value of CCD in the parent Zajdela line appeared to be 14.6 ± 0.2 hours, that was higher (at P < 0.05) than in 3H and 9C sublines (13.9 ± 0.2 and 13.5 ± 0.3 hours, respectively). The analysis of CCD distribution histogram showed that all three lines contained a common population of cells with CCD close to 14 hours. Besides, the parent cell line had about 1/3 of cells with a higher CCD (16.7 ± 0.2 hours) while the subline 9C had, on the contrary, 1/3 of cells with a lower CCD (12.6 ± 0.1 hours). In addition, the parameters of cell area, coefficient of cell spreading and coefficient of cell polarization showed the highest correlation to CCD in cells of subline 3H, which are primarily fibroblast-shaped cells (P < 0.01) : the larger the cell area, the longer the CCD; the more flattened or polarized the cell is, the shorter its CCD. In the parental cell line and the subline 9C, both consisting of preferably epithelium-shaped cells, the correlation between CCD and cell shape was less pronounced and showed the opposite direction, that may be explained by a difference in the origin of the cell lines. When considering the differences of CCD in the pairs of daughter cells, we introduce the concept of «the coefficient of symmetry of a cell division¼. The lower its value, the greater the similarity of CCD in a pair of daughter cells. Possible connection of the cell parameters studied in vitro to the tumorigenicity of these cells is discussed.

[Infective Endocarditis: Problems of Diagnosis and Treatment].

Results of the clinical study involving 458 patients (from 12 to 75 years, mean age 49 +/- 9.3 years) with various forms of infective endocarditis (IE) have been summarized. Integrated echocardiography was the principal non-invasive method of presurgical diagnosis of the disease. Sensitivity of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were 96% and 97.9% in patients with primary IE, 59% and 92% in patients with secondary IE and 2.7% and 90% in patients with prosthetic endocarditis, respectively. Results of echocardiography were confirmed during intrasurgical revision and histological study of removed valves. However, we have not found correlation between size, location, shape, mobility of vegetations, and risk of embolic events. Integrated echocardiography contributed to the correct diagnosis and also provided the possibility to determine the necessity of surgery and to schedule it in time. The main goals of surgery in IE heart valves are complete removal/sanitation of infected tissue and restoration or replacement of damaged heart valves. Overall hospital mortality was 8.1%. Mortality among patients operated in the active stage of IE and during remission was 10.5 and 7.1%, respectively. Surgical treatment in the active phase of IE is indicated in patients with factors of high risk, when the possibility of cure with antibiotics is unlikely, as well as in patients with high chances of recovery according to the state of organs and systems.

[Results of Surgical Treatment of Infective Valvular Endocarditis].

Immediate and long-term results of surgical treatment of infective valvular endocarditis (IVE) in 438 patients during the period from 1978 to 2013 are presented. Overall hospital mortality was 9.1% (11.2 and 6.7% among patients operated in the active stage of IVE and in remission, respectively) Depending on the site of infection mortality was: aortic valve (AV) - 7.9, mitral valve (MV) 10.1, MV and AV 10.7, tricuspid valve (TV) 6 7%. Overall 5 and 10 year survival after surgery was 78.6 4.7 and 66.2 3.9%, respectively. The lowest 5 and 10 year survival was observed in patients with MV and AV defects (66.3 and 52.7%, respectively). Long-term follow-up, the most consistent results are indicated in patients undergoing surgery with primary IE: to 1 year after surgery 94.5% survived to 5 year - 87%, to 10 - 85.5% of patients. In the group of patients with secondary IE to the first, fifth and tenth year observation survived 86.3%, 77.4%, 70.6%, respectively. The main reason for poor results was increasing heart failure, and recurrent infection.

Force-extension curves for broken-rod macromolecules: Dramatic effects of different probing methods for two and three rods.

We study force-extension curves of a single semiflexible chain consisting of several rigid rods connected by flexible spacers. The atomic force microscopy and laser optical or magnetic tweezers apparatus stretching these rod-coil macromolecules are discussed. In addition, the stretching by external isotropic force is analyzed. The main attention is focused on computer simulation and analytical results. We demonstrate that the force-extension curves for rod-coil chains composed of two or three rods of equal length differ not only quantitatively but also qualitatively in different probe methods. These curves have an anomalous shape for a chain of two rods. End-to-end distributions of rod-coil chains are calculated by Monte Carlo method and compared with analytical equations. The influence of the spacer's length on the force-extension curves in different probe methods is analyzed. The results can be useful for interpreting experiments on the stretching of rod-coil block-copolymers.

[Open operations or endovascular interventions in lesions of the first segment of the subclavian artery?].

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included a total of 110 patients presenting with stenoses of the first portion of the subclavian artery (SCA). Group One comprised 55 (50%) patients subjected to carotid-subclavian bypass grafting. The degree of stenosis varied from 65 to 95% (p>0.05), occlusion of the SCA was found in 28 (p<0.05) patients, permanent steal syndrome was observed in 39 (p>0.05) patients. Concomitant cardiac pathology was observed in 30 (55%) patients, with one (2%) patient having a history of stroke. Group Two was composed of 55 (50%) patients undergoing endovascular interventions. The degree of stenosis varied from 65 to 95%, with eight patients having occlusion of the SCA. Permanent steal syndrome was observed in 36 patients. Accompanying cardiac pathology was noted in 28 (51%) patients, with eight (15%) patients having a history of stroke (p<0.05). RESULTS: In Group One, six months after surgery, of 41 cases thrombosis was revealed in 2 patients. 2 years later, of 36 cases, thrombosis was detected in 7 patients. After 5 years, of 19 cases, thrombosis was revealed in 6. After more than 5 years, of 11 cases thrombosis was revealed in 6. In Group Two 6 months after surgery, of 46 cases, the stent ceased to function in 8 patients. After 2 years, of 41 cases, 21 were found to have developed thrombosis. After 5 years - of 20 cases, thrombosis was revealed in 16. Of 7 cases after more than 5 years the stent failed to function in 6. CONCLUSION: The operation of carotid-subclavian bypass grafting turned out more effective in the remote postoperative period.

[Spontaneous cytotoxicity treated with anti-tumor drugs of splenocytes of rats on a model of hepatoma cell monolayer cultures].

A purpose of this research is the study of spontaneous cytotoxic activity of effector cells (EC) of the innate immunity of animals against target cells (TC) of cultured hepatoma. There are established differences in the cytotoxic potential of freshly non-activated mouse and rat splenocytes: TC exhibit resistance to splenocytes of mice C3HA and are exposed to active dose-dependent killing under the influence of splenocytes outbred rats. There were revealed two mechanisms of killing of clip-target by splenocytes of rats--secretory variant (Zajdel hepatoma) and the path of classical apoptosis (hepatomas HTC, MH-22a and BWTG3). Single intraperitoneal administration of anticancer drugs cyclophosphamide (CP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to animals inhibits secretory pathway, whereas the activity of the apoptotic mechanism is enhanced after administration of CF to animals and is unchanged under the action of 5-FU.

[Results of Surgical Treatment of Infective Valvular Endocarditis].

Immediate and long-term results of surgical treatment of infective valvular endocarditis (IVE) in 438 patients during the period from 1978.

[Cleft palate surgery with ENT-pathology correction].

The article presents the cases of cleft palate surgical treatment with simultaneous intervention in ENT organs (bypass of the tympanic cavity, segmental or total adenotomy, etc.) with the restoration of vomer anatomy and hard palate reconstruction by means of super-elastic low-profile nickel titanium implant. The article describes the advantages of the method in comparison with the conventional ones.