[The history of the discovery of the Helicobacter pylori].

Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the stomach lining. The presence of a microorganism in humans was described more than a century ago, but from detection to recognition of its role in the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases of the stomach, researchers had to overcome a long path of criticism and mistrust. Coiled bacteria have been mentioned several times in the medical literature, but these bacteria were thought to be contaminants, and any evidence of the bacteria in the stomach was ignored by the medical community. The discovery of H. pylori led to a revolutionary rethinking of the mechanisms of development of a number of diseases: the role of bacteria in the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, stomach cancer and MALT lymphoma was proved. The principles of their prevention and treatment have changed. For this discovery in 2005, Barry Marshall and Robin Warren were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology.

Diseño de Sonrisa Digital / Digital Smile Desinge

Nowadays, a lot of people need in reconstruction of the teeth in connection with their loss. Before prosthetics or any other manipulations, a person wants to quickly see the aesthetic appearance of his future tooth. At the moment, many dentists use the option of verbal explanation to the patient, what will look like a smile or a front row of teeth after treatment, but the visual representation of the person remains aside. But now this can be achieved with the help of "Digital smile design", which shows the person the final result of the dentition. This technology has a number of advantages. Some of them are the rapid creation of a prototype model and high accuracy in the manufacture of work. Thanks to these technologies, communication between the specialist and the patient has been facilitated. The digital smile design has simplified the doctor's work process and reduced patient data processing time. From now on, achieving aesthetic results in the reconstruction of teeth for the dentist is not a problem.

[Measurement of basal anti-Mullerian hormone level of healthy fertile women in Bulgaria].

OBJECTIVE: To establish mean and reference range of basal serum Anti-Mullerian hormona (AMH) levels in a group of healthy fertile Bulgarian women. METHODS: The present report covers the results of 9 month's period in which 72 healthy fertile Bulgarian women, aged 20-40 years were selected to determinate a reference group of healthy fertile women with normal values of AMH. Blood samples were collected on early follicular phase of menstrual cycle (2-4 days). AMH was analyzed in duplicate with the use of a double-antibody ELISA. RESULTS: We established mean values of AMH -1,46 +/- 0,93 in a group of healthy fertile Bulgarian women with mean 31,4 years of age. The values of AMH, which we obtained in the 10th percentile, 10th - 0,61 ng/ml and in the 90th percentile was 2.94 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of AMH is a test easy for performance, with reference values for healthy fertile Bulgarian women -1,46 +/- 0,93 ng/ml.

[A multistage metrologic approach to the problem of evaluation of the results of the quantitative enzyme immunoassay determination of antitoxic antibodies]. / O mnogoétapnom metrologicheskom podkhode k probleme otsenke rezul'tatov kolichestvennogo immunofermentnogo opredeleniia antitoksicheskikh antitel.

To evaluate a kit for the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), the metrological approach was used: the total error of the method for the quantitative determination of antibodies, regarded as a multistage process, was determined as the result of the accumulation of errors made in measurements at different stages. The proposed algorithm made it possible to attest the positive control serum, to determine the total error of measurements, to mark a linear section in a limited range of values on a graduation diagram. This led to obtaining well-grounded results, comparable with the results of the reaction of neutralization at good correlation (lc = 0.9).

[EGF-dependent association of 20S-proteasome and alpha-RNP particles with the epidermal growth factor receptor in A-431 cells]. / EFR-vyzvannaia assotsitsiia 20S-proteasom i alpha-RNP-chastits s retseptorom EFR v kletkakh A-431.

Here we demonstrate that the epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces association of prosomes (20S-proteasomes) with its receptor in A-431 cells. Additionally, ligand-dependent association of ribonucleoprotein particles (alpha-RNP), containing small ALU-like RNA, with the EGF receptor was demonstrated. A suggestion has been put forward on the involvement of prosomes and alpha-RNP in the EGF signal transmission to different stages of gene expression.

[The use of the antihypoxants olifen and amtizol for treating patients with chronic stage-IIB circulatory failure]. / Primenenie antigipoksantov olifena i amtizola dlia lecheniia bol'nykh a khronicheskoi nedostatochnost'iu krovoobrashcheniia IIB stadii.

To compare efficacy of conventional therapy, antihypoxants olifen and amthizol (groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively) 49 patients with congestive heart failure stage IIb according to the Vasilenko-Strazhesko classification were treated. In hospital the pre-hospital scheme of treatment was not changed except the following positions: group 1 patients received strophanthin instead of oral digoxin, group 2 and 3 patients received adjuvant olifen and amthizol, respectively. Stabilization of the condition occurred in 10 days, on the average, in each group. In the 1st group good results were obtained due to stroke volume increase, in the 2nd and 3d due to the ability of olifen and amthizol to prevent tissue hypoxia.

[Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of reverse transcriptase coded by the mobile genetic element jockey]. / Klonirovanie i ékspressiia v Escherichia coli obratnoi transkriptazy,kodiruemoi mobil'nym geneticheskim élementom zhokei.

The mobile element jockey is similar in structural organization and coding potential to the LINEs of various organisms. Current models of the mechanism of transposition involve reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate and utilization of element-encoded proteins. As it is demonstrated here, a 2.23 kb DNA fragment from the region of the jockey encoding the putative reverse transcriptase, was stably introduced into the expression system under inducible control of the Escherichia coli lac regulatory elements. We describe the expression of the 92 kDa protein and identify this polypeptide alone as authentic jockey reverse transcriptase based on some of its physical and enzymic properties. The jockey polymerase demonstrates RNA-directed and DNA-directed DNA polymerase activities, but lacks detectable RNase H, has a temperature optimum at 26 degrees C, requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ as a cofactor and is inactivated by sulfhydryl reagent. The enzyme prefers poly(rC) and poly(rA) as template and "activated" DNA is not effective. The results of this work suggest that the RNA-directed DNA polymerase coded by jockey elements may be involved in the transcription of the elements.

[The effect of tilorone on peroxidation systems and antiperoxidation defense under normal conditions and in hypoxia]. / Vliianie tilorona na sistemy perekisnogo okisleniia i antiperekisnoi zashchity v norme i pri gipoksii.

Modifying effects of widely used immunomodulator tylorone on lipid peroxidation and the state of antioxidant system were studied under conditions of normal state as well as in subacute poisoning with carbon monooxide. Multiple effects of tylorone on these reactions were found in various tissues. The drug increased content of reduced glutathione in liver tissue, while amount of the substance was decreased in kidney and heart muscle. Content of diene conjugates and of SH-groups in blood, content of ascorbate in adrenal glands and activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver tissue were found to decrease. After administration of tylorone alterations of the most patterns studied under hypoxic conditions were similar to those of normal state. At the same time, the oppositely directed alterations were detected in content of reduced glutathione in heart muscle and in activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver tissue under conditions of carbon monoxide poisoning.

[Radiometric detection of nonvisualizable immunoprecipitates formed by hepatoma-associated hetero-organic renal antigens of 33P-phosphorylated fractions of non-histone chromatin proteins]. / Radiometricheskoe vyiavlenie nevizualiziruemykh immunopretsipitatov, obrazuemykh assotsiirovannymi s gepatomami geteroorgannymi antigenami pochechnoi prirody 33P-fosforilirovannykh fraktsii negistonovykh belkov khromatina.

A study was made of the antigenic properties of nuclear nonhistone proteins (NHP) from rat tissue eluted with 0.4-0.5 M NaCl gradient on phosphocellulose at very low concentrations. 33P-labeled proteins were obtained by phosphorylation of NHP fractions in the presence of [gamma-33P] ATP. Some non-visual precipitates which appeared during the reaction of specific inhibition of precipitation in agarose gel of 33P-labeled NHP-fractions from rat solid hepatoma 27 cells or rat liver after single hepatocarcinogen diethylnitrosamine injection were detected by means of a calculable radiometric method, proposed by the authors. These precipitates appear only if the rabbit immune sera against NHP-DNA complexes of intact rat kidneys exhausted with liver NHP-antigens was used, never appearing in the case of kidney NHP-antigen exhaustion. Therefore the NHP-fractions prepared from "carcinogenic" liver and rat solid hepatoma cells which possess proper phosphoprotein kinase activity and form specific immune precipitates must be identified as hetero-organic antigens of kidney origin.

[Multicomponent detoxifying system in albino rat liver]. / Issledovanie mnogokomponentnoi sistemy detoksikatsii v pecheni belykh krys.

Experiments on white rats were made to study the system of xenobiotic detoxifying. The measurements were taken of the content of cytochromes P-450 and b5, of the activity of NADP X H- and NAD X H-dependent monoxygenases, of the levels of microsomal albumin, thiol groups, and of the mass index of the liver in intact animals and in those injected with phenobarbital and SKF-525A. The most informative indicators determining the detoxifying system functioning were identified by factor analysis. Correlations were also established between components of the system. It turned out that transformation of the correlations in question was the result of phenobarbital and SKF-525A injection. The authors discuss the importance of the character and degree of this transformation for evaluation of the tension of the xenobiotic detoxifying system functioning and measures aimed at ensuring its reliability under the effect of harmful environmental factors.

[Correlation between hematologic and biochemical indices of Testudo horsfieldi turtles]. / Korreliatsionnye sviazi mezhdu gematologicheskimi i biokhimicheskimi pokazateliami u cherepakh Testudo horsfieldi.

The morphological composition and some of biochemical factors of turtle blood, as well as correlation between the former and the latter were examined. It was revealed that the turtles and mammals differed in the factors under consideration. The data obtained are interpreted in the light of the formation of the organism's response to the environmental exposures.