Effects of alloplastic graft material combined with a topical ozone application on calvarial bone defects in rats.

BACKGROUND: This study presents the evaluation of the damage in the bone tissue resulting from a calvarial defect in rats and the efficiency of exposure to an ozone application with an alloplastic bone graft on the calvarial bone damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar male rats (n = 56) were divided into four groups: a control group (n = 14), defect and ozone group (n = 14), defect and graft group (n = 14), and defect, graft, and ozone group (n = 14). Under anaesthesia, a circular full-thickness bone defect was created in all groups, and the experimental groups were further divided into two sub-groups, with 7 rats in each group sacrificed at the end of the 4th and 8th weeks. Bone samples were dissected, fixed in 10% formalin solution, and decalcified with 5% ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA). After the routine follow-up on tissues, immunostaining of osteopontin and osteonectin antibodies was applied to sections and observed under a light microscope. RESULTS: The control group exhibited osteopontin and osteonectin expression in fibroblasts and inflammatory cells at the end of the 4th week with an acceleration at the 8th week. Ozone administration elucidated new trabecular bone formation by increasing osteoblastic activity. Lastly, our observations underscore that a combination of allograft and ozone application increased the osteoblast, osteocyte, and bone matrix development at the 4th and 8th weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to an ozone application with an alloplastic bone graft on calvarial bone damage may induce osteoblastic activity, matrix development, mature bone cell formation, and new bone formation in rats.

Ascher syndrome: A case report.

Ascher syndrome is a disease that is characterized by upper eyelid edema, double lip, and swelling in the thyroid glands whose etiology is unknown, and it is usually seen in young people over the age of 20. Blepharochalasis and double lip are observed in these patients as a result of the recurring lip and upper eyelid edema. The disease is benign and seen in both sexes and all races in about the same amounts. Although this syndrome rarely leads to functional problems, it usually leads to psychological problems in the patients it affects due to the malformations on their faces. In this case presentation, we reported the surgical treatment of a 27-year-old patient diagnosed with Ascher syndrome and displayed double lip based on this syndrome.

Correlation between buccal and alveolar bone widths at the central incisors according to cone-beam-computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess whether there is a correlation between buccal bone thickness and mean alveolar bone thickness around the central teeth using CBCT images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three points were selected at 3, 6 and 9 mm from the cemento-enamel junction, respectively, perpendicular to the long axis of the measuring points made to determine the width of the alveolar bone ridge. The arithmetic mean of the length measurements was taken as the average alveolar bone thickness. To determine the average buccal alveolar bone thickness, the buccal bone length was measured perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth from these 3 points, and the average of the measurements was taken from these 3 points. RESULTS: The mean coronal, mid-root, and apical third root widths of the maxillary, left central incisors were 7.72±0.60, 8.64 ± 0.93, and 9.23±1.45 mm, respectively and the mean widths of the buccal alveolar bone at the coronal, mid-root, and apical third root positions of the left central incisor were 1.18±0.39, 1.15±0.44, and 1.06±0.50 mm, respectively. The Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.194 and 0.191 for the left and right central incisors, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference between the alveolar bone thickness averages of the left and right central incisors, but the alveolar bone thickness was found to be thicker in males than females. Although the mean of alveolar and buccal bone thicknesses was positively correlated the statistical analysis demonstrated the correlation between the mean of alveolar and buccal bone thicknesses is not significant.

Effects of formaldehyde on vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metallopeptidase 2 and osteonectin levels in periodontal membrane and alveolar bone in rats.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate whether long term formaldehyde inhalation may affect periodontal membrane and alveolar bone loss leading to periodontitis. The negative effects of formaldehyde were described using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2) and osteonectin antibodies involved in the extracellular matrix and angiogenetic development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty adult Wistar albino rats were used in this study. Rats were divided into two groups: a control group (n = 15) and formaldehyde administered group (n = 15). Formaldehyde group was exposed to inhalation of 10 ppm formaldehyde 8 hours a day, 5 days a week for 5 weeks. Maxillary bone regions were dissected under anaesthesia. After fixation in 10% formaldehyde solution, tissues were passed through graded ethanol series to obtain paraffin blocks. Five-micrometre histological sections were cut with RM2265 rotary microtome stained with Masson trichrome and VEGF, MMP-2 and osteonectin antibodies for examination under Olympus BH-2 light microscopy. RESULTS: The present study revealed that congestion in blood vessels, degeneration of collagen fibres and alveolar matrix around alveolar bone were observed to be more significant in formaldehyde group than the control group (p ≤ 0.001). Interestingly, VEGF expression in the formaldehyde group was the most significant finding between the two groups (p < 0.001). When compared inflammation, MMP-2 and osteonectin expressions were significant (p < 0.01) in the formaldehyde group. CONCLUSIONS: It was suggested that formaldehyde toxicity decreased the expression of MMP-2 and in osteoblasts as well as affecting the retention of MMP levels in tooth cavity, which is very low in collagen fibres. But, vice versa for the expression of VEGF in dilated vascular endothelial cells and osteocytes in alveolar bone. As a conclusion, formaldehyde disrupts the periodontal membrane and may cause collagen fibres degeneration by affecting the alveolar bone matrix.