Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 12 de 12
Filtrar
1.
Sports (Basel) ; 12(1)2024 Jan 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38251304

RESUMO

Relative age effects (RAEs) are commonly associated with advantages for older athletes. However, a variety of benefits attributed to 'advantage reversals' have been observed among relatively younger professional athletes. Considering psychosocial development as a proposed mechanism, the purpose of this study was twofold: (1) To explore an association between developmental assets (i.e., facilitators of positive youth development [PYD]) and RAEs; (2) To assess whether overall developmental asset levels are protective against sport dropout. The Developmental Assets Profile© was distributed to members of a one-year cohort of post-adolescent, female soccer players from Ontario, Canada. The presence of differences between groups of relatively older (H1; n = 64) and younger (H2; n = 57) participants and developmental asset scales were assessed using discriminant analysis. A binary logistic regression was conducted to assess whether overall developmental asset levels are protective against sport dropout, with consideration of relevant factors. Findings suggest that relatively younger, female players score higher in two internal categories: commitment to learning and positive values. The overall developmental asset scores were not found to be protective against dropout. This study provides preliminary, albeit cautious, support that 'advantage reversals' may be in part associated with enhanced PYD resulting from developmental sport experiences.

2.
Sci Total Environ ; 836: 155523, 2022 Aug 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35504374

RESUMO

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of emerging contaminants composed of an estimated 5000 to 10,000 human-made, fluorinated, organic chemicals. Due to the complexity of PFAS, the need for multiple environmental matrix considerations and the absence of a promulgated federal standard for environmental sampling and analysis, U.S. states have begun developing health-based regulatory and/or guidance values for a limited number of PFAS in environmental matrices. As there is a growing body of science to inform PFAS sampling guidance standard development, it is important to understand which U.S. states are implementing sampling guidelines and how they plan to handle emerging PFAS. This critical review discusses the current and impending federal and state sampling guidelines for PFAS in environmental matrices, the data gaps surrounding PFAS sampling guidance in U.S. states, and the future impacts of impending guidance documents and regulations. Ten federal guidance documents are available for PFAS sampling guidance and analysis. The maximum number of PFAS covered in these guidance documents is 25 analytes spanning across 8 unique media. While the EPA has developed several different sampling and analytical guidelines for PFAS, there is no formal regulation of PFAS or requirements of states to enforce these guidelines. As a result, only 31 states have informally adopted sampling guidelines, while the other 19 states have no guidance documentation in place for PFAS. The introduction of new PFAS sampling guidelines by the EPA, as well as updated analytical guidelines that target more PFAS or total organofluoride, is expected to continuously shift the landscape of federal and state guidance for PFAS sampling moving forward.


Assuntos
Fluorocarbonos , Documentação , Humanos , Manejo de Espécimes
3.
Swiss Med Wkly ; 150: w20457, 2020 12 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33327003

RESUMO

In the wake of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), contact tracing has become a key element of strategies to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Given the rapid and intense spread of SARS-CoV-2, digital contact tracing has emerged as a potential complementary tool to support containment and mitigation efforts. Early modelling studies highlighted the potential of digital contact tracing to break transmission chains, and Google and Apple subsequently developed the Exposure Notification (EN) framework, making it available to the vast majority of smartphones. A growing number of governments have launched or announced EN-based contact tracing apps, but their effectiveness remains unknown. Here, we report early findings of the digital contact tracing app deployment in Switzerland. We demonstrate proof-of-principle that digital contact tracing reaches exposed contacts, who then test positive for SARS-CoV-2. This indicates that digital contact tracing is an effective complementary tool for controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Continued technical improvement and international compatibility can further increase the efficacy, particularly also across country borders.


Assuntos
COVID-19/transmissão , Busca de Comunicante/métodos , Notificação de Doenças/métodos , Aplicativos Móveis , Smartphone , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Confidencialidade , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Suíça/epidemiologia , Tecnologia sem Fio
4.
PLoS One ; 15(9): e0239721, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32997723

RESUMO

This paper reports the results of a multi-stage effort to develop a measure of Academic Entitlement. An empirical/rational approach was taken to develop items and reduce the item set for a final version of the Academic Entitlement Scale (AES). The measure includes seven dimensions: Accommodation, Reward for Effort, Responsibility Avoidance, Grade Haggling, Customer Orientation, Customer Service Expectations, and General Academic Entitlement. Fit, using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, for the seven-factor correlated model and a bifactor model including General AE and the six specific factors, was good. The full measure is reported along with descriptive statistics for the scale and preliminary validation evidence.


Assuntos
Sucesso Acadêmico , Testes de Personalidade/normas , Autoimagem , Estudantes/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
5.
Addict Behav ; 60: 42-7, 2016 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27088513

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Pre-drinking is a risky, yet common activity among college students whereby they consume alcohol prior to going to an event where more alcohol may be consumed (LaBrie, Hummer, Pederson, Lac, & Chithambo, 2012). While general drinking motives have been studied extensively, attention to pre-drinking is recent, and deserves more attention. This study assessed the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Prepartying Motivations Inventory (PMI), and identified novel motivations through a thematic analysis. METHOD: A sample of 276 Canadian undergraduate students completed an online survey consisting of open-ended questions, drinking and pre-drinking questions, the PMI, and a brief demographic questionnaire. RESULTS: It was demonstrated that a four-factor model, similar to that of the initial PMI, fits well, but that improvements are made by eliminating an item related to being under the legal drinking age. Further, five new themes emerged that warrant further investigation, and possible inclusion in the current PMI. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that the PMI could be refined to further understand students' motivations for pre-drinking, and might inform alcohol intervention programs on post-secondary campuses.


Assuntos
Consumo de Álcool na Faculdade/psicologia , Motivação , Comportamento Social , Estudantes/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Canadá , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Grupo Associado , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Universidades , Adulto Jovem
6.
Adv Neonatal Care ; 14(6): 424-32, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25313799

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to examine the construct validity of scores from the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale administered to mothers of infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. SUBJECTS: Two samples (n = 385 and n = 110) of mothers with infants in a neonatal intensive care unit in the south-central region of the United States completed the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale 2 weeks postpartum. Both samples were similar in race and education level but differed according to marital status. DESIGN: Study 1 was retrospective and descriptive, whereas study 2 was prospective and descriptive. METHODS: In study 1, confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the originally proposed 7-factor structure and a 1-factor model. Because of overly high correlations between 3 of the factors, a revised 5-factor model was also tested. In study 2, confirmatory factor analysis was again used to test the construct validity or goodness of fit of the 7-factor and 5-factor models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Goodness-of-fit indices and factor pattern coefficients. PRINCIPAL RESULTS: In study 1, high correlations between 3 of the factors in the 7-factor model did not converge. Thus, a 5-factor model was also tested. This model had reasonable fit: χ= 1339.70 (550); P < 0.01; comparative fit index = 0.85; root mean square error of approximation = 0.06; and 90% confidence interval for root mean square error of approximation = 0.058 to 0.067. In study 2, confirmatory factor analysis was again used to test the construct validity or goodness of fit of the 7-factor and 5-factor models. Results for the 7-factor model indicated unacceptable fit: χ (539) = 959.10; P < 0.01; comparative fit index = 0.76; and root mean square error of approximation = 0.09. The 5-factor model was also poor: χ (550) = 992.95; P < 0.01; comparative fit index = 0.75; and root mean square error of approximation = 0.09. CONCLUSIONS: Although the construct validity of the 7-factor model of the PDSS was not supported for this sample of mothers, additional factor analytic work was used to develop and provide initial validation of a 5-factor model. Future research should continue to explore the unique experiences of mothers in the NICU who experience postpartum depression.


Assuntos
Depressão Pós-Parto/diagnóstico , Depressão Pós-Parto/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Adulto , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos
7.
Can J Diabetes ; 38(6): 401-8, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24933107

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The current investigation sought to determine the pattern and magnitude of cognitive functioning deficits in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus without dementia using meta-analysis to consolidate findings in the literature. METHODS: MedLine and PsychInfo databases were searched to identify studies of cognitive functioning in persons with type 2 diabetes. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated for the differences in cognitive functioning between subjects with type 2 diabetes and controls without diabetes on classified cognitive abilities. Average d values were calculated for all cognitive abilities across studies. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. Persons with type 2 diabetes performed significantly lower than controls without diabetes (p<0.05) on all cognitive abilities evaluated, with effect sizes ranging from -0.14 to -0.37. The largest effect sizes were processing speed (with motor task demands), M -0.37 (95% CI, -0.41 to -0.32), and divided attention/shifting, M -0.36 (95% CI, -0.42 to -0.31). CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 diabetes leads to mild to moderate deficits in all measured cognitive abilities. There was a lack of published studies investigating type 2 diabetes-associated variables; therefore, additional meta-analyses investigating the impact of these variables on cognitive functioning in type 2 diabetes could not be performed. As such, data from individual studies must be reported consistently to allow for investigation of variables that may affect the relationship between type 2 diabetes and cognitive functioning. Given the present findings, clinicians working with patients with type 2 diabetes should be alerted to the possibility of cognitive changes that could impact type 2 diabetes treatment management or require referral for neuropsychological assessment.


Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos
8.
Clin Pediatr (Phila) ; 53(5): 449-55, 2014 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24647696

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Roughly 21% of youth in the United States meet criteria for a mental health diagnosis, but only one-fifth of those children obtain help. The Pediatric Behavioral Health Screen (PBHS) utilizes the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17) and functional impairment items to assess behavioral health concerns. METHODS: Data were obtained from a systematic chart review for children 6 to 16 years old. Descriptive analyses and a confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the clinical performance and utility of the PBHS. RESULTS: A positive screen was endorsed for 26.7% of the sample, of whom 68% also experienced functional impairment. Clinicians appropriately administered the screen 73.5% of the time. The 3-factor model of the PSC-17 exhibited a good model fit. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence rates of psychosocial concerns and functional impairment affirm the need for routine behavioral health screening in the pediatric primary care setting. The PBHS exhibited good psychometric performance and clinical utility.


Assuntos
Lista de Checagem , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde
9.
J Exp Psychol Gen ; 143(3): 1242-58, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23957284

RESUMO

This article examines the idea that believing that events occurred in the past is a non-memorial decision that reflects underlying processes that are distinct from recollecting events. Research on autobiographical memory has often focused on events that are both believed to have occurred and remembered, thus tending to overlook the distinction between autobiographical belief and recollection. Studying event representations such as false memories, believed-not-remembered events, and non-believed memories shows the influence of non-memorial processes on evaluations of occurrence. Believing that an event occurred and recollecting an event may be more strongly dissociated than previously stated. The relative independence of these constructs was examined in 2 studies. In Study 1, multiple events were cued, and then each was rated on autobiographical belief, recollection, and other memory characteristics. In Study 2, participants described a nonbelieved memory, a believed memory, and a believed-not-remembered event, and they made similar ratings. In both studies, structural equation modeling techniques revealed distinct belief and recollection latent variables. Modeling the predictors of these factors revealed a double dissociation: Perceptual, re-experiencing, and emotional features predicted recollection and not belief, whereas event plausibility strongly predicted belief and weakly predicted recollection. The results show that judgments of autobiographical belief and recollection are distinct, that each is influenced by different sources of information and processes, and that the strength of their relationship varies depending on the type of event under study. The concept of autobiographical belief is elaborated, and implications of the findings are discussed in relation to decision making about events, social influence on memory, metacognition, and recognition processes.


Assuntos
Memória Episódica , Rememoração Mental/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
10.
Rehabil Psychol ; 55(3): 272-85, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20804271

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: There has been a general increase in interest and use of modeling techniques that treat data as nested, whether it is people nested within larger units, such as families or treatment centers, or observations nested under people. The popularity can be witnessed by noting the number of new textbooks and articles related to latent growth curve modeling and multilevel modeling. This paper discusses both of these techniques in the context of longitudinal research designs, with the main purposes of highlighting some benefits and issues related to the use of these models and outlining guidelines for reporting results from studies using multilevel modeling or latent growth modeling. IMPLICATIONS: These longitudinal analytic techniques can be greatly beneficial to researchers conducting rehabilitation studies, but there are several issues related to their use and reporting that need to be taken into consideration.


Assuntos
Modelos Teóricos , Reabilitação/psicologia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais
11.
Psychol Methods ; 14(1): 6-23, 2009 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19271845

RESUMO

Reporting practices in 194 confirmatory factor analysis studies (1,409 factor models) published in American Psychological Association journals from 1998 to 2006 were reviewed and compared with established reporting guidelines. Three research questions were addressed: (a) how do actual reporting practices compare with published guidelines? (b) how do researchers report model fit in light of divergent perspectives on the use of ancillary fit indices (e.g., L.-T. Hu & P. M. Bentler, 1999; H. W. Marsh, K.-T., Hau, & Z. Wen, 2004)? and (c) are fit measures that support hypothesized models reported more often than fit measures that are less favorable? Results indicate some positive findings with respect to reporting practices including proposing multiple models a priori and near universal reporting of the chi-square significance test. However, many deficiencies were found such as lack of information regarding missing data and assessment of normality. Additionally, the authors found increases in reported values of some incremental fit statistics and no statistically significant evidence that researchers selectively report measures of fit that support their preferred model. Recommendations for reporting are summarized and a checklist is provided to help editors, reviewers, and authors improve reporting practices.


Assuntos
Análise Fatorial , Psicologia/normas , Projetos de Pesquisa/estatística & dados numéricos , Pesquisa/estatística & dados numéricos , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Humanos , Computação Matemática , Modelos Estatísticos , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Editoração , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Software
12.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther ; 29(2): 145-9, 2006 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16461174

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess whether tibiofemoral joint manipulation is as effective as sacroiliac (SI) joint manipulation in increasing quadriceps muscle strength. DESIGN AND SETTING: Twenty subjects were divided into two groups of 10. After all base measurements of the maximum voluntary force of the quadriceps muscles were taken, subjects in group A received tibiofemoral joint manipulation and those in group B received ipsilateral SI joint manipulation. After these treatments, the maximum voluntary forces of the subjects' quadriceps muscles were retested. RESULTS: A significant improvement (P = .05) in quadriceps muscle strength was noted in the subjects who received an SI joint manipulation. CONCLUSION: This study showed a significant change within the SI joint manipulation group before and after the manipulation but did not show any significant difference between the groups (tibiofemoral joint vs SI joint manipulation) in increasing quadriceps muscle strength.


Assuntos
Articulação do Joelho , Manipulação da Coluna , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Manipulações Musculoesqueléticas , Articulação Sacroilíaca , Coxa da Perna , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Manipulação da Coluna/normas , Manipulações Musculoesqueléticas/normas , Projetos Piloto
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA