Study On The Prevalence Of Gallstones In Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy In Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Hospital (DHQ) Abbottabad.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of gall bladder diseases is increasing day by day in developing as well as developed countries. Most common gall bladder diseases include gallstones (cholelithiasis) and cancer of gall bladder. OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare the surgical incidence of gallstones on the basis of gender and age in patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy in Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Hospital (DHQ) Abbottabad. METHODS: This was a descriptive study which was carried out for a period of one year from January 2017 to December 2017 in surgical unit of Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Hospital Abbottabad on patients who had cholecystectomy secondary to symptomatic gall stone disease diagnosed on the basis of history and ultrasonography. Gallstones were then analysed for bilirubin, cholesterol, calcium and phosphate. The data was analysed by using SPSS Version 16.00. RESULTS: In our research study 88% of patients were females while 11.8% were males, the mean age being 35.81±8.12 year. The frequencies of different types of gall stones were: mixed type of stones 80.0% and cholesterol stones 20.0. CONCLUSIONS: Cholecystectomy secondary to gallstones is more common in women of forty to sixty age groups as compared to men of same age. Majority of gall stones are of mixed type.

Forensic Identification Through Tooth Discoloration And Alignment.

BACKGROUND: Due to poor oral hygiene and use of tobacco, dental discolorations are present in some people and may indicate presence of toxic substances in food or body, while some have anatomical faulty alignment of teeth. The objective of the study was to know the frequency of these discolorations and faulty dental alignment in the target population so that a forensic tool could be developed. METHODS: A cross sectional descriptive study was done in the Dentistry Department of Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad during the month of October 2019, on routine patients visiting the department, using non-probability convenience sampling. A Performa was made to be filled by dentists examining their patients using the standard dentition chart to locate teeth; notation chart was used for recording observations. The preliminaries along with subvariables were recorded in the Performa for each of 101 patients observed; data were analyzed by SPSS 20 for descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A cross sectional descriptive study was done in the Dentistry Department of Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad during the month of October 2019, on routine patients visiting the department, using non-probability convenience sampling. A Performa was made to be filled by dentists examining their patients using the standard dentition chart to locate teeth; notation chart was used for recording observations. The preliminaries along with subvariables were recorded in the Performa for each of 101 patients observed; data were analyzed by SPSS 20 for descriptive statistics. CONCLUSIONS: Dental discolorations and faulty alignment of teeth can be utilized as useful tools in exclusionary method of identification which can be used in living and dead for investigation of identification. It was also observed that there is need to emphasize on community dental hygiene in our hospitals.

Types Of Medico-Legal Cases Reported At The Casualty Department Of Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad.

BACKGROUND: Medicolegal data is very important for administrators, health officials, philanthropists, social workers, law enforcement agencies. Because it is used for planning and implementation of strategies in order to reduce further incidents. This study is conducted with the aim to determine different types of medicolegal cases and patterns of weapons used. METHODS: A total of 246 cases were studied from 1st September 2017 to 31st January 2018. All information was collected on a pro forma. Statistical analysis was done by MS Excel. RESULTS: Out of 246 cases, 219 were male and 27 were female with age ranging from 3 to 72 years. Among total, 162(65.85%) patients were injured due to blunt weapon, 17 (6.91%) cases of firearms, 23 (9.34%) in road traffic accidents, 15 (6.09%) sharp-edged weapons, 7 (2.84%) cases were of sexual violence, 11 (4.47%) were of poisoning. CONCLUSIONS: Injuries of blunt weapons followed by sharp edge and accidental cases occurred more frequently.

Analysis Of Palatal Rugae Pattern In Population Of Abbottabad: A Forensic Study.

BACKGROUND: Identification of unknown dead bodies' especially bony remains is done by different methods like DNA typing, Finger printing, Dental and other skeletal data, facial reconstruction and rugae pattern study. Palatal rugae pattern study or Ruguscopy gives a unique method of identification in cases of skeletal remains due to its uniqueness, resistance to heat, and stability throughout life. METHODS: This simple random sampling was carried out on 102 study models (casts of palate) of patients having 880 rugae patterns above 20 years of age in Khan Dental Clinic near Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad. The study is based on classification given by Thomas et al. Casts were taken from palate and then individual casts studied for rugae pattern. They were classified and variations studied for uniqueness. RESULTS: Each individual had different set of palatal rugae which are not same, in all its dimensions like size shape number etc. CONCLUSIONS: With the help of this study we can conclude that Palatal rugae pattern give unique method for individual identification.

Histological Comparison Of Two Staining Methods In Identification Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis In Granulomatous Lymphadenitis.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis, among human bacterial infections is very important disease of modern world and disease has forensic importance. Extra pulmonary infection is also very common. Histopathology of effected tissue is an important diagnostic modality. Demonstration of mycobacterium tuberculosis in granulomas is necessary for definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis, as many different granulomatous diseases may mimic tuberculosis. Study was conducted to see the positivity of mycobacterium Tuberculosis in tuberculous lymphadenitis and comparative difference in two stains. METHODS: A correctional study on tuberculosis was performed in PGMI Lahore in collaboration with pathology department Ayub medical college Abbottabad. Fifty cases of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue block previously diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis on histopathology were selected. Three-micron thick section were taken and stained with Zn stain and Auramin/ Rhodamin stain. The results were compared; statistical analysis was done using 2×2 table. RESULTS: Out of 33(66%) female and 17 (34%) male patients ranging from 9-80 years 9 (18%) were positive for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis with Zn stain and 21 (42%) were positive in Auramine/ Rhodamine staining procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Auramine/ Rhodamine staining procedure was superior to Zn staining method for tissue staining of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.

A Comparison Of Skeletal Age Of Thalassaemic Patients Of 9-15 Years With Chronological Age By Radiography.

BACKGROUND: Thalassemia is inherited disorder characterized by haemolytic anaemia, due to complete absence or reduced ß-globin chain synthesis, stimulating pathological bone marrow overstimulation and altered erythropoiesis. The change in bone mass ultimately results into miss interpretation of bone age once assed from x-ray radiograph. The aims compare skeletal age of thalassaemic children of 9-15 years with chronological age by x-ray wrist bones. METHODS: This was cross sectional analytical study; the study was conducted in conjunction with Fatimid Hospital Peshawar Pakistan and Out Patients Department (OPD) of paediatrics for minor illness (other than Thalassemia) Khyber Teaching Hospital August 2014 to January 2015. A total 156 samples were selected convenient sampling to make comparison of bone age and chronological age between thalassaemic children (age 9-15years) and age sex matched normal control. A structure data collection check list was used to collect data X-ray findings (bone age). SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The results showed a total of 156 children with their mean age 11.9±2.2, male were 97 (62.2%) and females 59 (37.8%). Out of thalassaemic (n=76) majority 49 (62.8%) were male as compared to female 29 (37.2%). The mean chorological age among both of group were not significantly different (p=0.67). However, the bone age was significantly different from each other (p=0001). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that was strong correlation between erupt teeth and bone age (r=0.462, p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Skeletal age assessment was found to be suboptimal along with chronological age in children and adolescents suffering from thalassemia.