Psychological impact after treatment in patients with head and neck cancer.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is the second cause of death all over the world and it causes considerable morbidity, disability, and treatment sequela, which often lead to post-treatment pain and disfigurement. This study aims to evaluate such physical sequelae, and their psychological, (cognitive and emotional), impact, in a cohort of patients treated for Head and Neck (HNC) cancer, in search for methods to help such patients deal effectively with the psychological effects of their cancer treatments adverse consequences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consists of 56 subjects, 47 men and 9 women, ranging from 47 years to 86 years of age, who were treated for head and neck cancers at Spanish Public General Hospital in the Otolaryngology Unit, Surgery Section. Two types of questionnaires were used in the study: the Questionnaire of Sequelae after Treatment of head and neck carcinoma and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-E and R). RESULTS: With respect to anxiety, the study found high levels of state anxiety which was significantly associated with the degree of perception of social stigma but was not associated with the post-treatment sequelae themselves nor with the level of discomfort that such symptomatic sequelae produced. The presence of a post-surgical stoma with cannula, increased patient's stigma (both components: external rejection and self-rejection) and state anxiety ratings, while there was no difference in state anxiety between cannulated and non-cannulated patients. There are few differences between men and women in terms of the presence of anxiety and their responses are similar in terms of the after-effects of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed that current treatments for Head and Neck carcinoma generate adverse symptomatic sequela that impose significant psychological and physical burden for these patients. We will discuss the various pathways for preventive intervention that these findings open up.

Estado emocional y situaciones de estrés en árbitros de baloncesto / Emotional state and stress situations in basketball referees

El objetivo de este estudio fue crear un listado de situaciones de estrés pre y durante partido, basándonos en la experiencia personal de 59 árbitros de la liga LEB durante un Clinic de árbitros del grupo I de la Asociación Española de Árbitros de Baloncesto y la Federación Española de dicho deporte. El Listado de Situaciones Estresantes para el Arbitraje (LISEA) evalúa no sólo la intensidad de la experiencia emocional, sino también la direccionalidad de la misma- El instrumento mostró una alta fiabilidad general (.897). Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que dichas fuentes influyen de forma significativa y diferente según el momento competitivo, siendo más estresante durante el partido menos en un item. Igualmente se observan correlaciones entre la experiencia arbitral en el nivel I y diferentes situaciones evaluadas, siendo más numerosas las correlaciones negativas. La intervención psicológica debería tener en cuenta especialmente estos hallazgos sobre las fuentes de más impacto y en el momento competitivo en que tienen mayor influencia (AU)

The objective of this study was to draw up a list of stress related situations both before and during the game, based on the experience of 59 LEB League referees who participated in a Clinic for Group 1 of the Spanish Association of Basketball Referees and the Spanish Basketball Federation. The List of Stress related situations for Referees (LISEA) not only assesses the emotional experience but also the directional consequences of stress. The survey showed a very high accuracy value (.897) Results show that different stress sources have a varying influence depending on the moment in the competition, being most stressful during the game except for one item. At the same time, there is a correlation between the refereeing experience at level 1 and different situations assessed, with negative correlations being most common. Psychological intervention should bear in mind these findings in relation to the stress sources with highest impact and the competitive moment during which they exert most influence (AU)

O objetivo desse estudo foi de criar uma lista de situações de estresse prée durante um jogo, baseando na experiência pessoal de 59 árbitros da LigaLEB durante um Clinic de árbitros do grupo I da Associação Espanholade Árbitros de Basquete e da Federação Espanhola do mesmo esporte. Alista de Situações Estressantes para a arbitragem (LISEA) avalia nao só aintensidade da experiência emocional, mas também a direção da (..) (AU)