Biogenic secondary organic aerosol formation in an urban area of eastern central India: Seasonal variation, size distribution and source characterization.

Samples of ambient aerosols were collected at an urban site of eastern central India from monsoon to summer 2016-17 for the characterization of biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOA). The BSOA tracers derived from isoprene, α/ß-pinene and ß-caryophyllene in size-distributed aerosols were studied. Concentrations of total SOAI (Isoprene secondary organic aerosols) were found more abundant than α/ß-pinene in summer, while contradictory trends were found in the winter season, where SOAM (monoterpene derived SOA) and SOAS (sesquiterpenes derived SOA) were dominated. Size-distribution study revealed that most of the BSOA were formed in the aerosol phase and dominated in fine mode, except cis-pinonic acid. They were formed in the gaseous phase and partitioned onto the aerosol phase. The alkaline nature of mineral dust particles that triggered the adsorption of gaseous species onto pre-existing particles could be the reason for bimodal size distribution with major coarse mode peak and miner fine mode peak. Temporal variations suggest that the BSOA must be derived from terrestrial vegetation and biomass burning. The isoprene SOC (secondary organic carbon) contributed 0.91%, 1.38%, 0.88% and 1.04% to OC during winter, summer, post-monsoon and monsoon season, respectively. The isoprene SOC in fine mode was found to be higher than the coarse mode.

L-cysteine modified silver nanoparticles for selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of vitamin B1 in food and water samples.

The use of L-cysteine modified silver nanoparticles (Cys-capped AgNPs) as a colorimetric probe for determination of vitamin B1 (thiamine) is described in the present work. This method is based on the measurement of red shift of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band of Cys-capped AgNPs in the region of 200-800 nm. The color of Cys-capped AgNPs was changed from yellow to colorless by the addition of vitamin B1. The mechanism for detection of vitamin B1 is based on the electrostatic interaction between positively charged vitamin B1, which causes the red shift of LSPR band from 390 nm to 580 nm. The interaction between Cys-capped AgNPs and vitamin B1 was theoretically explored by density function theory (DFT) using LANL2DZ basis sets with help of Gaussian 09 (C.01) program. The morphology, size distribution and optical properties of Cys-capped AgNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The method is linear in the range of 25-500 µg mL-1 with correlation coefficient (R2) 0.992 and limit of detection of 7.0 µg mL-1. The advantages of using Cys-capped AgNPs as a chemical sensor in colorimetry assay are being simple, low cost and selective for detection of vitamin B1 from food (peas, grapes and tomato) and environmental (river, sewage and pond) water samples.

A KBr-impregnated paper substrate as a sample probe for the enhanced ATR-FTIR signal strength of anionic and non-ionic surfactants in an aqueous medium.

Herein, we report a KBr-impregnated paper substrate as a sample probe to enhance the attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) signal strength of anionic surfactants (AS) and non-ionic surfactants (NS) in an aqueous solution. The mechanism for the sensing of AS and NS is based on the strong interaction of surfactants with the silicate groups (SiO4 4-) of the KBr-impregnated paper substrate. The role of SiO4 4- on the surface of the paper is to enhance the adsorption of AS and NS, resulting in improved IR signal intensities for the target analytes. The improved signal intensity at 1253 cm-1 (SO4 2-, symmetric stretching) for AS and 1114 cm-1 (C-O-C, stretching vibration) for NS were selected for quantification. SEM-EDX was employed to determine the elemental compositions of pre- and post-adsorbed AS and NS on glass fibre filter paper (GFF). The linear range for the determination of AS and NS was 10-100 µg L-1 with a method detection limit (MDL) of 4 µg L-1 and method quantification limit (MQL) of 12 µg L-1. The good relative recovery of 71.4-109.7% and the interference studies showed the selectivity of the method for the determination of AS and NS in environmental water and commodity samples. The advantages of this method include its cost-effectiveness, enhanced sensitivity, disposability and accessibility of the paper substrate.

Controlling the growth rate of cancer cell.

OBJECTIVE: To control the rate of growth of the cancer cell is the objective of this paper. In cancer, the rate of the growth of the cancer cell is indefinite. This paper proposes a method to transform into definite rate of growth of the cancer cell from indefinite. This indefiniteness lies with the set of unknown elements. This paper finds these unknown elements by matrix method.

Curing cancer by cancer function.

OBJECTIVE: Cancer is the disease which exists when the cell is uncontrolled. This paper presents a controller for the same. The cancer cell is reviewed via algebraic structures.

A direction to prepare the cancer vaccine.

OBJECTIVE: The vaccine of the cancer can be prepared. This paper presents a direction for preparing the vaccine of cancer by algebraic and geometric study of the cancer cell.

Cancer Cell Controller.

OBJECTIVE: Cancer is the disease which exists when the cell is uncontrolled. This paper presents a controller for the same. The cancer cell is reviewed via algebraic structures.

Cancer medicine: a direction.

OBJECTIVE: The medicine of cancer is directed in this paper. The pie theory is applied for the proposed medicine. The improbability and un-constancy are the major theories, which are used to design this anti-cancer medicine.

Cancer Cell Controller.

OBJECTIVE: Cancer is the disease which exists when the cell is uncontrolled. This paper presents a controller for the same. The cancer cell is reviewed via algebraic structures.