Large-for-gestational-age or macrosomia as a classifier for risk of adverse perinatal outcome: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses and neonates are of great interest, while those who are too big are much less studied. The aim was to analyze the classifiers described by ACOG "Fetal macrosomia" practice bulletin as predictors of adverse perinatal outcomes for overgrown fetuses and their mothers. MATERIALS: From a database of 53,586 singleton term births, appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA), large for gestational age (LGA), and macrosomic deliveries were selected. AGA served as a control. The crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated for large-for-gestational-age >90th centile, and macrosomia >4000 g, >4250 g, and >4500 g. Patients with and without diabetes were analyzed separately. RESULTS: Macrosomia >4000 g performed poorer than other classifiers. LGA performed comparably to other definitions of macrosomia. Diabetes carries a severe risk of complications for overgrown neonates, but those non-diabetic also have increased risk. CONCLUSIONS: Definition of macrosomia as weight >4000 g should be reconsidered. LGA >90th centile should be used as a definition of fetal overgrowth along with other definitions of macrosomia.

Safety and success rate of vaginal birth after two cesarean sections: retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: Cesarean section is a lifesaving procedure with short and long-term consequences. Growing rates of cesareansections worldwide arise problems for subsequent birth. The aim of this study was to compare safety of vaginal birthafter two cesarean sections with repeat third cesarean section to help healthcare providers and patients make well informeddecisions about mode of subsequent delivery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary reference hospital. Database of alldeliveries (2010-2017) after two previous cesarean sections was created from electronic and paper medical records. Pretermdeliveries, abnormal karyotype and neonates with congenital anomalies were excluded from the study. The final analysisincluded 412 cases for maternal outcome analysis and 406 cases for neonatal outcome analysis. RESULTS: Trial of labor after two cesareans in comparison to repeat cesarean section increases the risk of hemorrhage(OR: 10.84) and unfavorable composite maternal outcome (OR: 2.58). Failed trial of labor increases this risk of hemorrhage(OR: 15.27) and unfavorable composite maternal outcome (OR: 4.59) even further. There were no significant differences in neonataloutcomes. 22 out of 35 trials of labor ended in successful delivery giving a success rate of 62.85%. 5 of 7 labor inductionsended in repeat cesarean section giving 28.6% success rate. There were no maternal deaths and emergency hysterectomies. CONCLUSIONS: Trial of labor, especially failed trial of labor, is associated with an increased risk of perinatal complications.