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1.
Neurophotonics ; 8(1): 015012, 2021 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33816649

RESUMO

Significance: Infrared neural stimulation (INS) utilizes pulsed infrared light to selectively elicit neural activity without exogenous compounds. Despite its versatility in a broad range of biomedical applications, no comprehensive comparison of factors pertaining to the efficacy and safety of INS such as wavelength, radiant exposure, and optical spot size exists in the literature. Aim: Here, we evaluate these parameters using three of the wavelengths commonly used for INS, 1450 nm, 1875 nm, and 2120 nm. Approach: In an in vivo rat sciatic nerve preparation, the stimulation threshold and transition rate to 100% activation probability were used to compare the effects of each parameter. Results: The pulsed diode lasers at 1450 nm and 1875 nm had a consistently higher ( ∼ 1.0 J / cm 2 ) stimulation threshold than that of the Ho:YAG laser at 2120 nm ( ∼ 0.7 J / cm 2 ). In addition, the Ho:YAG produced a faster transition rate to 100% activation probability compared to the diode lasers. Our data suggest that the superior performance of the Ho:YAG is a result of the high-intensity microsecond spike at the onset of the pulse. Acute histological evaluation of diode irradiated nerves revealed a safe range of radiant exposures for stimulation. Conclusion: Together, our results identify measures to improve the safety, efficacy, and accessibility of INS technology for research and clinical applications.

2.
Curr Diab Rep ; 6(4): 328-32, 2006 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16879787

RESUMO

The ability to image the pancreatic islet in vivo would enhance our understanding of diabetes and accelerate improvements in islet transplantation. However, the small size of islets and their diffuse distribution (both natively and after transplantation) present formidable challenges for current imaging techniques. This article reviews the relative merits and shortcomings of several imaging modalities in humans and in animal models of diabetes.


Assuntos
Ilhotas Pancreáticas/patologia , Animais , Humanos , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Medições Luminescentes/tendências , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/tendências , Radiografia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
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