Renal transplant outcome in children with an augmented bladder.

OBJECTIVE: Studies evaluating renal transplant (RT) outcome in children who underwent an augmentation cystoplasty (AC) are contradictory and the current knowledge is based on studies with a limited number of patients. The aim of this study is to compare RT outcome between children who underwent AC and those without augmentation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 20p who underwent an AC prior to the RT (12 with ureter and 8 with intestine) were enrolled in the study and were compared to a control group of 24p without AC, transplanted in the same time period (1991-2011). Data including; age at transplant, allograft source, urological complications, urinary tract infections (UTI) incidence, the presence of VUR, and patient and graft survival were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Mean age at RT and mean follow-up were 9.7 vs. 7.9 years and 6.9 vs. 7.9 years in the AC group and control group, respectively (NS). The graft originated in living donors for 60% of AC patients and 41.6% of the control RT patients. The rate of UTI were 0.01 UTI/patient/year and 0.004 UTI/patient/year in the augmented group and controls, respectively (p = 0.0001). In the AC group of 14p with UTIs, 10 (71%) had VUR and 5p out of 8 (62.5%) in the control group had VUR. In the AC group, of the 7p with ≥3 UTIs, 3 (43%) were non-compliant with CIC and the incidence of UTIs was not related with the type of AC or if the patient did CIC through a Mitrofanoff conduit or through the urethra. Graft function at the end of study was 92.9 ± 36.85 ml/min/m(2) in the AC group and 88.17 ± 28.2 ml/min/m(2) in the control group (NS). Graft survival at 10 years was also similar 88% in the AC group and 84.8% in controls. In the AC group 3p lost their grafts and 5 in the control group with respective mean follow-up of 10.6 ± 4.3 and 7.1 + 4.7 years. CONCLUSION: There are no significant differences in the RT outcome between children transplanted with AC or without. However, recurrent UTIs are more frequent in the former group and these UTIs are related with non-compliance with CIC or the presence of VUR but, even so, UTIs will not lead to impaired graft function in most of the patients.

Living-donor transplantation after excision of unrecognized renal cancer diagnosed after transplant.

BACKGROUND: Published data on kidneys transplanted after resecting small renal cancers during the transplantation surgery are very rare and, to the best of our knowledge, no pediatric cases have been reported in the literature. CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT: Our patient was diagnosed with a bilateral Wilms tumor when he was 15 months old. A total bilateral nephrectomy was required to control the disease. Two years later, a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical living-donor transplant from his father was performed. A small mass in the father's left kidney was diagnosed as an angiomyolipoma during the pretransplant donor evaluation. During the surgery, the mass was excised and the kidney implanted. One week later, the pathological study revealed the mass to be a clear cell renal carcinoma. After joint discussion, the urologic and nephrologic teams and the family decided to maintain the transplant, managing the patient with monotherapy based on rapamycin and close ultrasound control. To date, 8 years after transplantation, no signs of malignancy have been detected, and renal function is normal. CONCLUSION: This is the first reported pediatric case of a living-donor graft with a small renal carcinoma excised in the operating room. No malignancy has been observed in 8 years of follow-up.

[Renal live donor. Open and laparoscopic experience at La Paz Hospital]. / Donante vivo renal. Experiencia de cirugía abierta y laparoscópica. Hospital La Paz.

UNLABELLED: Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy is a rare operation in our country because the complexity of the technique and the expansion of the cadaveric donor. We present our open and laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy from 1984. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1984 to 2007 we have done 84 live donor nephrectomies; 64 open, 20 laparoscopic surgeries. The transperitoneal approach is preferred in laparoscopy and lumbotomy for the open surgery. RESULTS: In the open technique the operating time is 112 min (70-155), ischaemia time 20 seconds (15-47) and postoperative hospital stay 4,8 days (3-9). Laparoscopic cases, the operating time is 146 min (90-210), ischaemia time 3 min 15 sec (2-3, 25 min) and postoperative hospital stay 3,4 days (2-9). CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy is a difficult and demanding technique. It should be done by experienced team in laparoscopic renal surgery. The kidney from a live donor is a very good alternative for the cronic renal failure. It should be offered in our main hospitals.

Donante vivo renal. Experiencia de cirugía abierta y laparoscópica. Hospital La Paz / Renal live donor. Open and laparoscopic experience at La Paz Hospital

La extracción renal laparóscopica es una técnica escasamente implantada en nuestro país, debido principalmente a la dificultad técnica que supone y a la gran cantidad de donante cadáver que encontramos en nuestro medio. Presentamos y analizamos nuestra serie de donante vivo abierto y laparoscópico desde 1984. Material y Métodos: Desde 1984 hasta 2007 se han realizado 84 extracciones renales de donante vivo; 64 por cirugía abierta, 20 laparoscópicas. El abordaje transperitoneal ha sido el elegido en el caso de la laparoscopia y la lumbotomía en la abierta. Resultados: En la técnica abierta el tiempo quirúrgico medio es de 112 min (70-155), el tiempo medio de isquemia caliente es de 20 segundos (15-47) y la estancia media es de 4,8 días (3-9). En los casos realizados por laparoscopia, el tiempo quirúrgico medio es de 146 min (90-210), el tiempo de isquemia caliente es de 3 min y 15 seg (2-3,25) y la estancia media es de 3,4 días (2-9). Conclusiones: El abordaje laparoscópico es una técnica que no está exenta de riesgos y que no deben ser despreciados. Debe ser realizado por equipos con experiencia en cirugía renal laparoscópica. En lo referente al riñón obtenido de donante vivo, sin duda se trata de una magnífica solución para pacientes en estado de insuficiencia renal crónica. Es un recurso que deben ofrecer los principales hospitales de nuestro país (AU)

Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy is a rare operation in our country because the complexity of the technique and the expansion of the cadaveric donor. We present our open and laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy from 1984. Material and Methods: From 1984 to 2007 we have done 84 live donor nephrectomies; 64 open, 20 laparoscopic surgeries. The transperitoneal approach is preferred in laparoscopy and lumbotomy for the open surgery. Results: In the open technique the operating time is 112min (70-155), ischaemia time 20 seconds (15-47) and postoperative hospital stay 4,8 days (3-9). Laparoscopic cases, the operating time is 146 min (90-210), ischaemia time 3 min 15 sec (2-3,25 min) and postoperative hospital stay 3,4 days (2-9). Conclusions: The laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy is a difficult and demanding technique. It should be done by experienced team in laparoscopic renal surgery. The kidney from a live donor is a very good alternative for the cronic renal failure. It should be offered in our main hospitals (AU)

Aneurisma idiopático de aorta abdominal en una paciente de 8 años de edad / Idiopathic abdominal aortic aneurysm in an 8-year-old female patient

Introducción. Los aneurismas aórticos son una entidad excepcional en la edad pediátrica y, habitualmente, se presentan asociados a otras enfermedades. Caso clínico. Paciente de sexo femenino, de 8 años de edad, que acudió al hospital con una historia de dolor abdominal y la presencia de una masa hipogástrica pulsátil que correspondía a un aneurisma aórtico gigante. Conclusión. Ante la excepcionalidad de la patología, tanto el diagnóstico como un tratamiento quirúrgico precoz fueron las claves para la completa recuperación de la paciente. La elección correcta de la técnica quirúrgica y los materiales usados probablemente permitieron el crecimiento sin la aparición de problemas derivados de la prótesis (AU)

INTRODUCTION. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are very rare in children. They are usually associated with well-known medical conditions but some are idiopathic. CASE REPORT. An 8-year-old girl who was admitted to hospital with abdominal pain and a large abdominal pulsatile mass corresponding to a large aortic aneurysm. CONCLUSION. An accurate diagnosis and a prompt surgical treatment led to a quick and successful recovery. A right choice of both, surgical technique and prosthetic material, probably let a free-complication growth-up of this patient (AU)