5-Benzamidoisoquinolin-1-ones and 5-(ω-carboxyalkyl)isoquinolin-1-ones as isoform-selective inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 (PARP-2).

PARP-2 is a member of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family, with some activities similar to those of PARP-1 but with other distinct roles. Two series of isoquinolin-1-ones were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as selective inhibitors of PARP-2, using the structures of the catalytic sites of the isoforms. A new efficient synthesis of 5-aminoisoquinolin-1-one was developed, and acylation with acyl chlorides gave 5-acylaminoisoquinolin-1-ones. By examination of isoquinolin-1-ones with carboxylates tethered to the 5-position, Heck coupling of 5-iodoisoquinolin-1-one furnished the 5-CH═CHCO(2)H compound for reduction to the 5-propanoic acid. Alkylation of 5-aminoisoquinolin-1-one under mildly basic conditions, followed by hydrolysis, gave 5-(carboxymethylamino)isoquinolin-1-one, whereas it was alkylated at 2-N with methyl propenoate and strong base. Compounds were assayed in vitro for inhibition of PARP-1 and PARP-2, using FlashPlate and solution-phase assays, respectively. The 5-benzamidoisoquinolin-1-ones were more selective for inhibition of PARP-2, whereas the 5-(ω-carboxyalkyl)isoquinolin-1-ones were less so. 5-Benzamidoisoquinolin-1-one is the most PARP-2-selective compound (IC(50(PARP-1))/IC(50(PARP-2)) = 9.3) to date, in a comparative study.

Synthesis of 4-alkyl-, 4-aryl- and 4-arylamino-5-aminoisoquinolin-1-ones and identification of a new PARP-2 selective inhibitor.

The considerable interest in substituted isoquinolin-1-ones related to 5-aminoisoquinolin-1-one (5-AIQ) as drugs points to a need for an efficient and straightforward synthesis of the 4,5-disubstituted bicycles. Bromination of 5-nitroisoquinolin-1-one gave 4-bromo-5-nitroisoquinolin-1-one but neither this nor 5-amino-4-bromoisoquinolin-1-one would participate in Pd-catalysed couplings. Protection of the lactam as 1-methoxy- and 1-benzyloxy-4-bromo-5-nitroisoquinolines, however, permitted Stille, Suzuki and Buchwald-Hartwig couplings to take place in high yields, insensitive to electronic demands and severe steric bulk in the arylboronic acids. Lithiation of 4-bromo-1-methoxy-5-nitroisoquinoline and quench with iodomethane gave 1-methoxy-4-methyl-5-nitroisoquinoline in low yield. Demethylation of the 1-methoxy-4-substituted-5-nitroisoquinolines with hydrogen bromide gave 4-substituted-5-nitroisoquinolin-1-ones, whereas hydrogenolytic debenzylation was achieved with simultaneous reduction of the 5-nitro group. 5-Amino-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)isoquinolin-1-one was identified as a new potent and selective inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-2 (PARP-2).

4-[3-(4-cyclopropanecarbonylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-4-fluorobenzyl]-2H-phthalazin-1-one: a novel bioavailable inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation is an immediate cellular response to metabolic-, chemical-, or ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage and represents a new target for cancer therapy. In this article, we disclose a novel series of substituted 4-benzyl-2 H-phthalazin-1-ones that possess high inhibitory enzyme and cellular potency for both PARP-1 and PARP-2. Optimized compounds from the series also demonstrate good pharmacokinetic profiles, oral bioavailability, and activity in vivo in an SW620 colorectal cancer xenograft model. 4-[3-(4-Cyclopropanecarbonylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-4-fluorobenzyl]-2 H-phthalazin-1-one (KU-0059436, AZD2281) 47 is a single digit nanomolar inhibitor of both PARP-1 and PARP-2 that shows standalone activity against BRCA1-deficient breast cancer cell lines. Compound 47 is currently undergoing clinical development for the treatment of BRCA1- and BRCA2-defective cancers.

Novel alkoxybenzamide inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.

We have previously described poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors based on a substituted benzyl-phthalazinone scaffold. As an alternative chemical template, a novel series of alkoxybenzamides were developed with restricted conformation through intramolecular hydrogen bond formation; the compounds exhibit low nM enzyme and cellular activity as PARP-1 inhibitors.