Multi-slice computed tomographic analysis and identification of remarkable anatomical types of segmental bronchi in bilateral inferior lobes: based on extensive data.

Background: The progress of interventional respiratory medicine necessitates a comprehensive knowledge of the segmental bronchi because of their complexity in branching patterns. Therefore, based on extensive research data, we aimed to examine the anatomical diversity and sex-related variations of the segmental bronchial branching patterns in the bilateral inferior lobes. Methods: Following the exclusion and inclusion criteria, a total of 10,000 participants who underwent multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) scans from September 2019 to December 2021 at Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University were enrolled in this retrospective study. The computed tomography (CT) data were utilized to generate three-dimensional (3D) and virtual bronchoscopy (VB) simulations of a bronchial tree using the syngo.via post-processing workstation. The distinct bronchial patterns in the bilateral inferior lobes were then found and categorized using the reconstructed images. The proportions of different types of bronchial branches and their sex-related correlations were analyzed by cross-tabulation and chi-square analysis. Results: Our findings primarily identified four types of bronchial branching patterns in the right inferior lobe (RIL), i.e., (B6, B7, B8, B9+10), 71.44%; (B6, B7, B8+9, B10), 16.06%; (B6, B7+8, B9+10), 7.40%; (B6, B7, B8+9+10), 5.10%; and four types in the left inferior lobe (LIL), i.e., (B6, B7+8, B9+10), 82.89%; (B6, B7+8, B9, B10), 13.53%; (B6, B7, B8+9, B10), 2.88%; (B6, B7, B8+9+10), 0.70%. Besides various research methods and outcomes, this study has revealed the types of bronchial branches that were not seen in previous studies. In addition, the proportion of bronchial branches in the LIL did not differ significantly between males and females (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the proportion of bronchial branches in the RIL between sexes (P<0.05). Conclusions: The current study has validated the segmental bronchial variations in the bilateral inferior lobes. The diagnosis of symptomatic patients as well as the performance of interventions like bronchoscopies, endotracheal intubation, and lung resections may be significantly influenced by our findings in the clinical setting.

Multi-slice CT analysis of the length of left main coronary artery: its relation to sex, age, diameter and branching pattern of left main coronary artery, and coronary dominance.

PURPOSE: The objective of this research was to analyze and correlate the length of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) with significant clinical parameters using multi-slice CT (MSCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1500 patients (851 males and 649 females; mean age 57.38 ± 11.03 [SD]; age range: 5-85 years) who underwent MSCT scans from September 2020 to March 2022 were retrospectively included. The data were applied to generate three-dimensional (3D) simulations of a coronary tree using the syngo.via post-processing workstation. The reconstructed images were then interpreted, and the collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: The results showed 1206 (80.4%) cases with medium LMCA, 133 (8.9%) with long LMCA, and 161 (10.7%) with short LMCA. The average diameter of LMCA at its midpoint was 4.69 ± 0.74 mm. The most frequent type of division of LMCA was bifurcation in 1076 (71.7%) cases; in 424 (28.3%) cases, the LMCA was divided into three or more branches. The dominance was right in 1339 (89.3%), left in 78 (5.2%), and co-dominant in 83 (5.5%) cases. There was a positive correlation between the length and branching patterns of LMCA, χ2 = 113.993, P = 0.000 (< 0.05). Other variables like age, sex, diameter of LMCA, and coronary dominance did not show any significant correlation. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated a significant association between the length and the branching pattern of LMCA, which may be essential in diagnosing and treating coronary artery patients.

Multi-slice CT Analysis and Identification of Anatomical Types of Segmental Bronchi in Right Superior Lobe.

PURPOSE: The aims were to assess different branching patterns of segmental bronchi in the right superior lobe (RSL), as well as to investigate the anatomical diversity and sex-related variations of these branches in a large sample of the research population. METHODS: 10,000 participants (5428 males, and 4,572 females, mean age 50+/-13.5 years [SD] years; age range: 3-91 years) who underwent multi-slice CT (MSCT) scans from September 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively included. The data were applied to generate three-dimensional (3D) and virtual bronchoscopy (VB) simulations of a bronchial tree using the syngo.via post-processing workstation. Following that, the reconstructed images were interpreted to identify and categorize various bronchial patterns in the RSL. Cross-tabulation analysis and the Pearson chi-square test (χ2) were used to calculate the component ratios of bronchial branch types and determine their relevance between male and female groups. RESULTS: Our results revealed mainly six types for the RSL bronchial tree, i.e., (B1, B2, B3, 60.70%); (B1+2, B3, 18.72%); (B2+3, B1, 6.68%); (B1+3, B2, 7.57%); (B1, B2, B3, B*, 3.19%); (B1a+B3, B1b+B2, 3.14%). There were significant sex-related differences in the proportion of bronchial branches in the RSL (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The current study has validated the presence of segmental bronchial variations in the RSL. These findings may have significant implications for diagnosing symptomatic patients and performing particular procedures, including bronchoscopy, endotracheal intubation, and lung resection.

Identification of anatomical types of segmental bronchi in left superior and lingular lobes using multi-slice CT.

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to evaluate various branching patterns of segmental bronchi in the left superior and lingular lobes and to survey the anatomical diversity and sex-related differences of these branches in a large sample of the study population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall, 10,000 participants (5428 males, and 4572 females, mean age 50 ± 13.5 years [SD] years; age range: 3-91 years) who underwent multi-slice CT (MSCT) scans between September 2019 and December 2021 were retrospectively included. Using the syngo.via post-processing workstation, the data were applied to generate three-dimensional (3D) and virtual bronchoscopy (VB) simulations of a bronchial tree. The reconstructed images were then interpreted to identify and categorize distinct bronchial patterns in the left superior and lingular lobes. Cross-tabulation analysis and the Pearson Chi-square (χ2) test were used to calculate the constituent ratios of bronchial branch types and determine their significance between male and female groups. RESULTS: Our results revealed mainly four distinct types for the left superior lobe (LSL) bronchial tree, i.e., (B1 + 2, B3, 76.13%); (B1 + 2 + 3, 17.32%); (B1 + 3, B2, 5.74%); (B1a + B3, B1b + B2, 0.81%) and two types for the left lingular lobe (LLL) bronchial tree, i.e., (B4, B5, 91.05%); (B4, B5, B*, 8.95%). There were no significant sex-related differences in the proportion of bronchial branches in LLL (P > 0.05). However, sex-related differences were significant in the proportion of bronchial branches in LSL (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The current study has validated the presence of segmental bronchial variations in the left superior and lingular lobes. These findings may have a crucial effect on the diagnosis of symptomatic patients, as well as in carrying out procedures such as lung resections, endotracheal intubation, and bronchoscopies.

Identification of anatomical types of segmental bronchi in right middle lobe using multi-slice CT.

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the various branching patterns of segmental bronchi in the right middle lobe (RML) and to survey the anatomical diversity and sex-related differences of these branches in a large sample of the study population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective board-approved study with informed consent, 10,000 participants (5428 males and 4,572 females, mean age 50 ± 13.5 years [SD]; age range: 3-91 years) who underwent multi-slice CT (MSCT) scans from September 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively included. The data were applied to generate three-dimensional (3D) and virtual bronchoscopy (VB) simulations of a bronchial tree using the syngo.via post-processing workstation. The reconstructed images were then interpreted to locate and classify distinct bronchial patterns in the RML. Cross-tabulation analysis and the Pearson chi-square test were used to calculate the constituent ratios of bronchial branch types and determine their significance between male and female groups. RESULTS: Our results revealed that the segmental bronchial ramifications of the RML were classified into two types mainly, i.e., bifurcation (B4, B5, 91.42%) and trifurcation (B4, B5, B*, 8.58%). There were no significant sex-related differences in the proportion of bronchial branches in the RML (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The current study has confirmed the presence of segmental bronchial variations in the RML lobe using 3D reconstruction and virtual bronchoscopy. These findings may have significant implications for the diagnosis of symptomatic patients and for carrying out specific procedures like bronchoscopy, endotracheal intubation, and lung resection.